KELENJAR HIPOFISIS - MODUL ADRENAL DAN HIPOFISIS - dr Reza Rinadhi Bramantya, SpPD-KEMD

Summary

This video explains the role of the pituitary gland, a small organ located behind the nose and below the hypothalamus, which plays a critical part in regulating the endocrine system. The pituitary gland produces hormones in two regions: the anterior and posterior pituitary. Hormones like gonadotropin, growth hormone, corticotropin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone are discussed, each with vital functions such as regulating growth, metabolism, stress responses, and reproductive processes. The video also covers hormones in the posterior pituitary, including vasopressin and oxytocin, which are involved in fluid balance and labor. This comprehensive overview highlights the pituitary's essential role in maintaining bodily functions.

Takeaways

• 😀 The pituitary gland is a small organ located behind the nose and below the hypothalamus in the brain, measuring approximately 10x13x6 mm and weighing about 0.5 to 1 gram.
• 😀 It plays a crucial role in regulating the endocrine system by forwarding signals from the hypothalamus to the body.
• 😀 The hormones produced by the pituitary gland are divided into two groups: anterior pituitary hormones and posterior pituitary hormones.
• 😀 Anterior pituitary hormones include gonadotropins (LH and FSH), somatotropin (growth hormone), corticotropin (ACTH), thyrotropin (TSH), and lactotropin (prolactin).
• 😀 Gonadotropins (LH and FSH) regulate reproduction, gametogenesis, and sex hormone production, impacting the ovaries and testes.
• 😀 Somatotropin (growth hormone) controls growth and metabolism, stimulating tissue growth, and regulating fat, glucose, and protein metabolism.
• 😀 Corticotropin (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, helping manage stress and maintain homeostasis.
• 😀 Thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), essential for metabolism and thermoregulation.
• 😀 Lactotropin (prolactin) is primarily involved in breast milk production and has additional roles in metabolism, reproduction, and immunity.
• 😀 Posterior pituitary hormones include vasopressin, which regulates fluid and salt balance, and oxytocin, which induces labor and promotes lactation.

Q & A

Where is the pituitary gland located?

The pituitary gland is located behind the nose and below the hypothalamus, in the cavity of the skull, at the base of the sphenoid bone.

What is the size and weight of the pituitary gland?

The pituitary gland is approximately 10mm by 13mm by 6mm in size and weighs about 0.5 to 1 gram, which is roughly the size of a red bean.

What are the two main groups of hormones produced by the pituitary gland?

The two main groups of hormones produced by the pituitary gland are those produced by the anterior pituitary and those produced by the posterior pituitary.

What is the function of gonadotropin produced by the anterior pituitary?

Gonadotropin, including LH and FSH, regulates puberty, reproduction, fertility, gametogenesis, and the production of sex hormones. LH influences estrogen and progesterone production in ovaries, while FSH triggers testosterone production in testes.

What is somatotropin, and what is its primary function?

Somatotropin, also known as growth hormone, is produced by the anterior pituitary. Its main function is to stimulate growth in bones and tissues, regulate metabolism, and control energy needs, especially during fasting or eating.

How does somatotropin interact with insulin?

Somatotropin interacts with insulin to help regulate fat metabolism, glucose, and protein, particularly during periods of fasting or eating.

What is the role of corticotropin (ACTH) in the body?

Corticotropin (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, which helps control the body's response to stress, maintain cardiovascular function, and manage other physiological stresses such as pain, infection, and hypoglycemia.

What hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex, and what do they do?

The adrenal cortex produces three types of hormones: mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), and androgens (e.g., endosterone). These hormones regulate water and salt balance, stress response, and secondary sexual characteristics.

What is the function of thyrotropin (TSH) produced by the anterior pituitary?

Thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones T4 and T3, which regulate metabolism, growth, protein synthesis, and thermogenesis.

What is the role of lactotropin (prolactin) in the body?

Lactotropin, or prolactin, is involved in milk production during pregnancy and lactation. It is regulated by dopamine and also plays roles in reproduction, metabolism, and immunity.

What are the two main hormones produced by the posterior pituitary?

The two main hormones produced by the posterior pituitary are vasopressin, which regulates fluid and salt balance, and oxytocin, which induces labor and facilitates lactation.

What are the effects of oxytocin produced by the posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin induces uterine contractions during labor and also plays a role in initiating lactation after childbirth.