Otto Hoffmanns by product recovery method l carbonisation l coke l coal l coal gas l Dr.Avanipareek

Summary

The script explains the process of carbonization of fuel, specifically focusing on the conversion of coal into coke. It highlights the 'Auto Hoffman By-Product Recovery Method,' where the process occurs at high temperatures in the absence of air. The method recovers valuable by-products like coal gas, tar, benzene, and ammonia. The procedure involves multiple chambers, with silicate chambers playing a crucial role in heat transfer. The script also details the recovery of by-products and the operation of the system, including gas cooling and the importance of maintaining the temperature for effective recovery. This is a critical process in industrial fuel conversion.

Takeaways

• 😀 Carbonization of fuel involves converting coal into coke through a process in the absence of air at high temperatures.
• 😀 The process of converting coal into coke is called 'carbonization' and is essential for producing solid fuel.
• 😀 The Auto Hoffman By-Product Recovery Method is used for carbonization, where coal is converted into coke and by-products are recovered.
• 😀 The method works based on the principle of heat regeneration, where gases are not allowed to escape until all the heat is transferred to the heat regenerators.
• 😀 The Auto Hoffman method involves a large oven containing silica chambers with multiple openings for charging, discharging, and supplying coal gas.
• 😀 In the process, coal is first charged into the oven, heated to around 1200°C, and converted into coke, while gases and other by-products are produced.
• 😀 Heat is transferred within the system via silica chambers, which absorb and maintain the heat needed for the carbonization process.
• 😀 After coal is converted into coke, it is cooled using either dry quenching or wet quenching methods, involving inert gases or water spray.
• 😀 By-products recovered during the process include coal gas, tar, benzene, and ammonia, all of which are useful in various industries.
• 😀 The Auto Hoffman method is highly efficient, allowing for the recovery of valuable by-products and the production of high-quality coke for industrial use.

Q & A

What is carbonization of fuel, and why is it important?

Carbonization of fuel refers to the process of converting coal (pal) into coke by heating it in the absence of air at high temperatures. It is important because coke is a key material used in industrial processes like steel production.

What is the main process used for carbonization in the script?

The main process discussed in the script is the auto Hoffman by-product recovery method, which uses high temperatures (around 1200°C) and the absence of air to convert coal into coke.

What is the role of the heat regenerator in the auto Hoffman method?

The heat regenerator in the auto Hoffman method absorbs heat from exhaust gases and transfers it to the system, maintaining high temperatures for the carbonization process while conserving energy.

How are by-products like tar, ammonia, and benzene recovered during carbonization?

By-products like tar, ammonia, and benzene are recovered through various processes such as using liquid ammonia for tar, water sprays for ammonia and naphtalene recovery, and oil sprays for benzene recovery.

What are the two methods of quenching the coke, and how do they work?

The two methods of quenching are dry quenching and wet quenching. Dry quenching uses inert gases to cool the coke, while wet quenching uses water sprays to cool it rapidly.

What are the key components of the furnace used in the auto Hoffman method?

The furnace used in the auto Hoffman method contains silica chambers, a heat regenerator, and multiple openings for charging coal, discharging coke, and supplying gases. The furnace maintains high temperatures for efficient conversion of coal into coke.

Why is the temperature maintained at 1200°C during carbonization?

The temperature is maintained at 1200°C because it is the optimal condition for converting coal into coke. At this temperature, the coal undergoes carbonization, transforming into coke and releasing gases.

What is the significance of recovering by-products in the auto Hoffman method?

Recovering by-products like tar, ammonia, and benzene is significant because these by-products are valuable for various industrial applications, including road construction, chemical manufacturing, and energy production.

How is ammonia recovered from the gases in the auto Hoffman method?

Ammonia is recovered from the gases by spraying liquid ammonia in a recovery tower, where it reacts with water to form ammonium hydroxide, which is then collected for use.

What happens to the gases once they are generated during the carbonization process?

The gases generated during the carbonization process are cooled, and their heat is absorbed by the heat regenerator. Afterward, the gases are processed for by-product recovery, with various chemical reactions used to recover substances like tar, ammonia, benzene, and hydrogen sulfide.