Analisis Cairan Sendi [Blok 7]

Summary

In this educational video, Dr. Ariza Julia Paulina, a lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine, Riau University, demonstrates the clinical pathology practicum on joint fluid analysis. The video covers the methods for examining joint fluid, including macroscopic, microscopic, chemical, and microbiological evaluations. Dr. Ariza explains the procedures for assessing fluid volume, viscosity, clarity, color, and the presence of crystals. The script also includes instructions on leukocyte counting, crystal identification, and biochemical tests like glucose, protein, and uric acid analysis. The goal is to identify abnormalities such as arthritis or trauma-related changes in joint fluid.

Takeaways

• 😀 The analysis of joint fluid helps in diagnosing joint abnormalities such as arthritis or trauma.
• 😀 Essential materials for joint fluid analysis include fresh joint fluid, Edi tea tubes with heparin, reaction tubes, and a microscope.
• 😀 Macroscopic examination of joint fluid involves assessing volume, presence of clots, clarity, color, and viscosity.
• 😀 For clarity and color, joint fluid is compared with aquadest against a black background to assess its transparency and color.
• 😀 The viscosity of joint fluid can be assessed using a drop test and a mucin clot test to detect abnormalities.
• 😀 Microscopic examination involves counting leukocyte cells and identifying the types of white blood cells in the fluid.
• 😀 Giemsa staining is used for identifying different types of leukocytes under the microscope, particularly with high magnification.
• 😀 The presence of crystals, such as monosodium urate (gout) or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (pseudogout), can be identified under the microscope.
• 😀 Chemical analysis of joint fluid typically tests for glucose, protein, and uric acid levels.
• 😀 Microbiological analysis involves Gram staining to identify microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in the joint fluid.

Q & A

What is the purpose of synovial fluid analysis?

The purpose of synovial fluid analysis is to assess abnormalities or causes of joint disorders such as arthritis or trauma that leads to changes in the synovial fluid.

What equipment and materials are required for synovial fluid analysis?

The equipment and materials required include fresh synovial fluid (less than one hour old), EDTA or heparin tubes, test tubes, pipette, stirring rods, glass slides, Giemsa stain, glacial acetic acid, aquades (distilled water), immersion oil, and a microscope.

What are the main aspects evaluated during the macroscopic examination of synovial fluid?

The macroscopic examination evaluates the volume, presence of clotting, clarity, color, and viscosity of the synovial fluid.

How is the viscosity of synovial fluid assessed?

Viscosity is assessed using two tests: the drop test (which measures the length of the mucin thread formed when the fluid is dropped) and the mucin clot test (which evaluates the formation of clots in the fluid after mixing it with acetic acid).

What does it indicate if the mucin thread in the drop test is shorter than 5 cm?

If the mucin thread is shorter than 5 cm, it indicates that the synovial fluid has low viscosity, which suggests an abnormality or disorder in the fluid.

What types of cells are evaluated in the microscopic examination of synovial fluid?

In the microscopic examination, the number and type of leukocytes (white blood cells) are evaluated, and the presence of crystals is also checked.

How is the leukocyte count performed during the microscopic examination?

Leukocyte count is performed by homogenizing the synovial fluid, diluting it with 0.9% NaCl, and placing it in a Neubauer chamber for counting under a microscope.

What are the common types of leukocytes identified in synovial fluid?

The common types of leukocytes identified are PMNs (polymorphonuclear cells) and monocytes. These are evaluated in a 100-leukocyte count using Giemsa-stained slides.

Which crystals are most commonly found in synovial fluid and what conditions are they associated with?

The most commonly found crystals are monosodium urate (associated with gout) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (associated with pseudogout).

What is the purpose of the microbiological examination of synovial fluid?

The microbiological examination aims to detect microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi that could be causing infection or other abnormalities in the synovial fluid.