Before You Decide: 3 Steps To Better Decision Making | Matthew Confer | TEDxOakLawn

TEDx Talks
15 Jul 201912:53

Summary

TLDREl guion narra un desafío de emprendimiento en Stanford donde un equipo vende derechos de presentación, enseñando a cuestionar limitaciones. Propone tres pasos para la toma de decisiones efectiva: cuestionar los límites, prever posibles fracasos mediante un pre-mortem y verificar los aspectos básicos para evitar errores. Ejemplos de historias, incluyendo el caso de Sully Sullenberger, destacan la importancia de estos pasos en situaciones críticas.

Takeaways

  • 💡 Desafía los límites: Primero, desafía los límites impuestos para permitirte pensar más allá de las soluciones tradicionales.
  • 🏆 Aprovecha la oportunidad: En lugar de gastar los cinco dólares, el equipo ganador vendió los derechos de presentación, maximizando su verdadera oportunidad.
  • 🤔 Realiza un pre-mortem: Antes de tomar una decisión, visualiza cómo podría fracasar para mitigar posibles errores y formular una estrategia correcta.
  • 🚀 Prepárate para el éxito y el fracaso: Es importante equilibrar la contemplación del éxito con la consideración de cómo podrías fallar.
  • 🔍 Verifica los detalles básicos: No subestimes la importancia de revisar los aspectos básicos para evitar que pequeños errores causen grandes problemas.
  • 🛫 Aprendizaje de la simulación: Más de 20,000 profesionales en 30 países han participado en simulaciones para mejorar sus habilidades de toma de decisiones.
  • 🌏 El efecto de la cobra: Un ejemplo de cómo una solución aparente puede empeorar el problema si no se considera el pre-mortem.
  • 🔄 Comprueba la unidad de medida: Un error en la NASA con el sistema de medición causó la pérdida de un satélite, subrayando la importancia de la precisión.
  • 🛤️ El aterrizaje del río Hudson: Un ejemplo de cómo desafiar los límites y considerar escenarios de éxito y fracaso pueden llevar a un éxito inesperado.
  • 👨‍🏫 El valor de la reflexión: La reflexión después de una experiencia es crucial, pero también es importante contemplar el fracaso antes de tomar una decisión.
  • 🛑 No te dejes llevar por la adrenalina: En situaciones de alta presión, es fundamental mantener la calma y verificar los detalles críticos antes de actuar.

Q & A

  • ¿Qué desafío se le presentó a los estudiantes de la clase de emprendimiento en la Universidad de Stanford?

    -Los estudiantes fueron divididos en equipos y se les dio un sobre con cinco dólares como fondo inicial para su nueva operación. Su tarea era convertir los cinco dólares en el mayor monto de dinero posible en un corto período de tiempo.

  • ¿Cómo abordó el equipo ganador el desafío de generar dinero con los cinco dólares?

    -El equipo ganador vendió los derechos de su presentación a una empresa local, que estaba dispuesta a pagar por la oportunidad de presentar ante un grupo de estudiantes brillantes de Stanford con el objetivo de reclutarlos tras la graduación.

  • ¿Qué lección se puede aprender de la historia del equipo ganador en términos de toma de decisiones?

    -La lección es que para sobresalir en la toma de decisiones, es importante cuestionar los límites y buscar oportunidades más allá de los recursos iniciales proporcionados.

  • ¿Cuál es el segundo paso para una toma de decisiones efectiva según el discurso?

    -El segundo paso es abrazar una premortem, lo que significa considerar cómo podría fracasar una idea antes de seguir un camino determinado.

  • ¿Qué ejemplo histórico se menciona para ilustrar el poder de una premortem?

    -Se menciona el ejemplo de la política de recompensa por serpientes venenosas en la India durante la era colonial británica, que resultó en un aumento de la población de serpientes debido a la cría intencional de serpientes para obtener la recompensa.

  • ¿Qué es el 'Efecto Cobra' y cómo se relaciona con la toma de decisiones?

    -El 'Efecto Cobra' se refiere a una situación donde una solución aparente a un problema hace que la situación empeore. Ilustra la importancia de una premortem, ya que podría haber evitado este desastre si se hubieran considerado las consecuencias de la política de recompensa.

  • ¿Cuál es el tercer paso para una toma de decisiones efectiva según el discurso?

    -El tercer paso es verificar los aspectos básicos antes de tomar una decisión, para asegurarse de que los detalles no成为中国人 el fracaso de la decisión.

  • ¿Qué lección se puede aprender del incidente del Mars Climate Orbiter de NASA?

    -La lección es que las fallas en la comunicación y la coordinación, como el uso de diferentes sistemas de medición, pueden tener consecuencias catastróficas y que es crucial verificar los aspectos básicos para evitar errores preventibles.

  • ¿Cómo se relaciona la historia del piloto Sully Sullenberger con la toma de decisiones efectiva?

    -La historia de Sully muestra cómo cuestionar los límites, contemplar escenarios de éxito y fracaso, y verificar los detalles básicos pueden llevar a una toma de decisiones efectiva en situaciones extremas.

  • ¿Qué acciones tomó Sully Sullenberger después de que su avión se chocó con un bando de gansos y perdiera los motores?

    -Sully asumió el control del avión, consideró varias opciones de aterrizaje, y finalmente decidió aterrizar en el río Hudson, lo que resultó en la supervivencia de todos los 150 pasajeros a bordo.

  • ¿Qué importancia tiene la reflexión en la toma de decisiones según el discurso?

    -La reflexión es crucial, ya que permite identificar posibles errores y fallos, y planificar cómo evitarlos o lidiar con ellos, mejorando así la capacidad de formular la acción correcta.

Outlines

00:00

💡 Innovación en la enseñanza de emprendimiento

El primer párrafo narra un desafío planteado a estudiantes de la Universidad de Stanford, donde se les da cinco dólares y se les pide que inviertan en una operación que genere el mayor beneficio posible en poco tiempo. El equipo ganador vende los derechos de presentación a una compañía local, destacando la importancia de desafiar las restricciones y pensar más allá de las limitaciones impuestas. Se introduce el concepto de 'thinking outside the box' y se enfatiza la importancia de la toma de decisiones en el éxito de cualquier operación, ya sea en el ámbito empresarial o personal.

05:01

🐍 El efecto de la cobra y la importancia del pre-mortem

El segundo párrafo relata el fallo del gobierno británico en la India al ofrecer una recompensa por el exterminio de serpientes venenosas, lo que resultó en el aumento de la población de cobras debido a la cría intencional de estas para obtener la recompensa. Este ejemplo, conocido como 'el efecto de la cobra', ilustra la importancia de realizar un pre-mortem, es decir, contemplar cómo podría fracasar una decisión antes de implementarla, para evitar consecuencias no deseadas.

10:05

🚀 La misión fallida de Mars y la revisión de los detalles básicos

El tercer párrafo describe el fracaso de la misión de NASA al planeta Marte debido a un error de medición, donde diferentes equipos utilizaron sistemas de medición incompatibles. Este incidente resalta la importancia de revisar los detalles básicos antes de tomar decisiones críticas, para evitar errores que podrían ser evitados con una simple verificación de la consistencia y la precisión de los datos.

🛫 El aterrizaje del río Hudson y la toma de decisiones bajo presión

El cuarto y último párrafo relata la historia del piloto Sully Sullenberger, quien, tras que su avión fuera afectado por un impacto con un bando de gansos, tuvo que tomar decisiones rápidas y efectivas para garantizar la seguridad de los 150 pasajeros a bordo. El relato muestra cómo desafiar las restricciones, realizar un pre-mortem y revisar los detalles básicos permitió a Sully llevar a cabo un aterrizaje seguro en el río Hudson, salvando vidas y destacando la importancia de una toma de decisiones efectiva en situaciones de alta presión.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Restricciones

Las restricciones son limitaciones o condiciones que deben considerarse al tomar decisiones. En el video, se menciona que muchas veces las restricciones impiden el desarrollo de ideas innovadoras. El equipo ganador del desafío de Stanford cuestionó la restricción de usar los cinco dólares y optó por vender su presentación en su lugar.

💡Pre-mortem

Un pre-mortem es una técnica que implica considerar cómo un proyecto o decisión puede fallar antes de emprenderla. Este enfoque ayuda a identificar posibles problemas y mitigarlos anticipadamente. En el video, se menciona el ejemplo de la 'cobra effect' en la India como un caso donde un pre-mortem podría haber evitado un desastre.

💡Post-mortem

Un post-mortem es el análisis de un proyecto o decisión después de que ha ocurrido, para identificar qué salió bien y qué salió mal. Aunque es útil, el video sugiere que también se debería hacer un pre-mortem para anticipar posibles fallas antes de que ocurran.

💡Simulaciones empresariales

Las simulaciones empresariales son ejercicios que imitan decisiones del mundo real en un entorno controlado, para preparar a los participantes para desafíos futuros. El video menciona que la empresa del presentador utiliza simulaciones para ayudar a profesionales a mejorar sus habilidades de toma de decisiones.

💡Efecto cobra

El efecto cobra se refiere a una solución aparente a un problema que en realidad empeora la situación. En el video, se menciona el caso del gobierno británico en la India, que ofreció recompensas por cobras muertas, lo que llevó a la cría de cobras para obtener la recompensa.

💡Desafío de Stanford

El desafío de Stanford es un ejercicio donde a los estudiantes se les da cinco dólares para generar la mayor cantidad de dinero posible. Este ejercicio se utiliza en el video para ilustrar cómo cuestionar las restricciones puede llevar a soluciones innovadoras.

💡Verificación de los básicos

La verificación de los básicos implica asegurarse de que los detalles fundamentales de un proyecto o decisión estén correctos antes de avanzar. En el video, se menciona la misión fallida de la NASA a Marte debido a un error de unidades de medida, subrayando la importancia de este paso.

💡Innovación

La innovación es el proceso de crear nuevas ideas, productos o métodos. En el video, la innovación se ejemplifica con el equipo ganador del desafío de Stanford, que innovó vendiendo su presentación en lugar de utilizar los cinco dólares.

💡Fracaso

El fracaso es la falta de éxito en una tarea o proyecto. El video sugiere que considerar las posibles formas de fracaso (pre-mortem) antes de tomar una decisión puede ayudar a evitar problemas futuros. Ejemplos incluyen el fallo del Mars Climate Orbiter y el efecto cobra en la India.

💡Decisiones críticas

Las decisiones críticas son elecciones importantes que pueden tener un impacto significativo. El video se centra en cómo mejorar la toma de decisiones críticas mediante la identificación de restricciones, la realización de pre-mortems y la verificación de los detalles básicos.

Highlights

Students at Stanford University were given a challenge to turn five dollars into as much money as possible.

The winning team did not use the five dollars but sold the presentation rights to a company, showcasing innovative thinking.

The importance of challenging constraints in the decision-making process was emphasized.

The speaker runs a leadership development company that simulates real-world decision-making scenarios.

Over 20,000 professionals have participated in the simulations, providing insights into exceptional decision-making.

Three steps for effective decision-making were presented, applicable to various life situations.

The concept of a 'pre-mortem' was introduced to consider potential failure before making a decision.

The 'Cobra effect' illustrates the importance of a pre-mortem in decision-making to avoid unintended consequences.

The Mars Climate Orbiter disaster was used as an example of overlooking basic details leading to failure.

The importance of checking the basics in decision-making to prevent small details from causing failure was stressed.

The story of 'Miracle on the Hudson' was shared as an example of effective decision-making under extreme pressure.

Captain Sullenberger's approach to challenging constraints and considering failure led to a successful landing.

The process of checking basic details was crucial in ensuring the survival of all passengers on the Hudson River.

The speaker encourages challenging constraints, embracing a pre-mortem, and checking the basics for better decision-making.

The presentation concludes with a call to action for attendees to apply these decision-making steps in their lives.

Transcripts

play00:00

five dollars and a class on

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entrepreneurship the class was at

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Stanford University and the students

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were presented with a challenge the

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instructor split the group of students

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into teams and then handed each team an

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envelope with five dollars of seed

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funding for their brand-new operation

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they had one task turn the five dollars

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into the most money possible in a short

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timeframe the final part of this

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exercise came early the next week when

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each team was required to present to the

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rest of the students highlighting what

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they had done and the amount of money

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they had generated I'm sure you were all

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now strategizing in your head what would

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you do if given the same choice and I'm

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guessing you're wondering well what did

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the winning team do would it surprise

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you to find out that the winning team

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didn't even use the five dollars so what

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did they do well they sold the rights to

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that presentation to the rest of the

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class to a company in town that was more

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than happy to pay them for the privilege

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of pitching a group of brilliant

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Stanford students with the aim of

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recruiting them to join their

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organization upon graduation

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the winning team spent the short amount

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of time they had maximizing the real

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opportunity they had the presentation

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which required challenging the

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constraints of the exercise in this case

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that five dollars in the envelope

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constraints prevent innovative ideas

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from ever developing step number one if

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you want to excel at decision making oh

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we start by challenging the constraints

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I find the decision making process

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fascinating

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I run the strategy team inability we're

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a leadership development company based

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in Austin Texas that places people in

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team-based competitive business

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simulations to mimic the decisions they

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make in the real world to better prepare

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them for the challenges ahead in the

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past three years alone over

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20,000 professionals in over 30

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countries have participated in one of

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our simulations we get to work with some

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of the most innovative companies on the

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planet and we get to witness firsthand

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what truly exceptional decision-making

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looks like the three steps I present

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today are distilled from those

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observations and they focus on what to

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do before you decide it doesn't matter

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if you're a professional on the

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precipice of a critical choice or a

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parent in the midst of a conundrum

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considering the path to take with your

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child or student deciding what school to

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attend or what major to pursue we all

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make thousands of decisions each day and

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we are all striving for an edge I

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started with that Stanford story because

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it highlights something that I see time

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and time again in our simulation too

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many teams jump right into solving a

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problem and they accept all the

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constraints we present them with if you

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want to excel at decision-making begin

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by considering what barriers are holding

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you back start there and see what is

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possible step number one challenge the

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constraints to introduce the second step

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I want to share something that probably

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won't surprise you one of the most

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impactful periods during our simulation

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is actually after the experience is over

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when people and teams reflect on what

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went right and what went wrong we do

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this often in life and we call this

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exercise a post mortem because we wait

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until the event has concluded here's

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what our time with leaders around the

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world has taught us take this post

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mortem approach and flip it around

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embrace a pre-mortem consider what

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failure would look like before you ever

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go down a path it's human nature to

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strategize a prep and approach and then

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formulate all of the ways that you will

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be successful

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don't get me wrong it is great to

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envision your success and you really

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should only pursue decisions that you

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believe will have a positive outcome

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however I've watched professionals

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strategize Grandia

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plans of the many ways they will triumph

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in our simulation but many times all of

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that energy comes at the expense of

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spending any time brainstorming how they

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might fail and the many ways they might

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fail so now let me tell you a story

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about snakes the British government and

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a striking example of where a pre-mortem

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could have averted a decision-making

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disaster during the era of

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colonialization in India the British

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government was concerned about the

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number of venomous Cobra snakes in Delhi

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after countless failed ideas the

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government decided to offer a cash

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bounty for every dead Cobra initially

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this was an extremely successful

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approach as a number of snakes were

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killed for this new reward here's the

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problem

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imaginative individuals started to breed

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Cobras explicitly for the income they

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can now generate it didn't take long the

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government became aware of this and they

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quickly scrapped the reward program for

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dead Cobras however this led the Cobra

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breeders to set their now worthless

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snakes free the wild Cobra population

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became even worse than it was initially

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the apparent solution for the problem

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made the situation even worse this is

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now unsurprisingly referred to as the

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Cobra effect it is also a perfect

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illustration of the power of a

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pre-mortem before we decide we choose

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most often to imagine what success will

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look like and then for some reason we

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wait until the experience is over and go

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over with a fine-tooth comb and conduct

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a forensic post-mortem invest the time

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upfront contemplating how an idea you

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are considering could end in failure

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step number two embrace a pre-mortem to

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introduce the third step I want to share

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a story from 1999 about a NASA mission

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to study the climate of the planet Mars

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after almost 10 months of travel and a

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build cost of over a hundred and twenty

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five million dollars

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the Mars climate orbiter spacecraft

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burned and broke into pieces due to a

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navigational mistake the fascinating

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thing about this failure was that it was

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entirely preventable there were multiple

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teams working on the project one of the

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teams used the metric system in their

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calculation another team provided

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crucial data using inches feet and

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pounds some of the smartest people on

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the planet legitimate rocket scientists

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forgot to check that both teams were

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using the same unit of measurement and

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the consequences were catastrophic thus

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far I've stood on this stage and I've

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told you that your first step should be

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to challenge the constraints to allow

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you to think big then I told you that

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most of us are predisposed to

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contemplate success and instead you need

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to balance that and contemplate failure

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those first two steps allow you the

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capacity to think outside that

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proverbial box we hear so much about

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but the third step is vital and it's

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often overlooked never forget to check

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the basics

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I have watched senior leaders of Fortune

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500 companies concoct truly impressive

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strategic plans in our simulation with

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multiple levels of complexity in an

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effort to win the game but many times

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they let small details prove to be their

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downfall during one of our simulations

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completely unbeknownst to the

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participants at the onset of the game

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over the course of the experience we're

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going to challenge them with unforeseen

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external events these events range from

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unexpected product recalls to social

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media PR disasters all the way to

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natural disasters like hurricanes that

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put their virtual employees at risk many

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times though it is actually the more

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simple tasks of bringing a product to

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market that trip a team up the steps

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required to bring a product to market

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actually don't change throughout the

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course of our game and they're pretty

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basic

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but once we introduce intense adverse

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events and the clock continues to tick

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down

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teams then struggle to complete those

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basic tasks step number three before you

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decide

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check the basics never let the minut

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details be the downfall of the decision

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on your doorstep

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we started with $5 ingenuity at Stanford

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and then we talked about cobra snakes in

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India and then we talked about

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spacecrafts destined for Mars three

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stories that highlight three steps to

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effective decision-making I want to

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finish with a story about January 15th

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2009 when an aircraft with 150 people on

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board took off from New York City

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destined for Charlotte North Carolina

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three minutes after takeoff an ordinary

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flight became anything but the pilot

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would later remark that he heard

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terrible noises the likes of which he

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had never heard before

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and it felt as if the bottom had fallen

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out of his world what changed the plane

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had struck a flock of Canadian geese

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causing both engines to shut down it was

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at that point that Sully Sullenberger

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took control from his copilot and

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radioed a mayday call I don't know if I

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can highlight any example of challenging

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the constraints more than the following

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exchange between Sullenberger and air

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traffic control he had previously

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considered returning to LaGuardia

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Airport then he considered nearby

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Teterboro Airport in New Jersey before

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receiving the following message quote

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which runway would you like

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captain sullenberger's responds we're

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gonna be in the Hudson the response from

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air traffic control I'm sorry say again

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after the event Sully would say that

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given the fact that they were in New

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York City one of the most densely

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populated places on the planet it was

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actually the Hudson River although an

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extreme option that represented the best

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chance for a safe outcome so he

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challenged the constraints and readied

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for a water landing at that point his

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Prima

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began he actually believed that he could

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land his plane intact in the river but

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what he did next was contemplate how

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long his aircraft would float and given

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that it was January he considered the

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feasibility of a water rescue given the

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freezing temperatures after walking

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through different scenarios of success

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and contemplating different scenarios of

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failure he moved forward on his

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decision-making path as the aircraft

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approached the river he had his copilot

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shout out airspeed and altitude to

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confirm the critical basic details that

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ended up leading to all 150 people on

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board surviving after the landing and

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during the water rescue there was

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actually one final check to be done

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captain Sullenberger walked the length

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of the flooded aircraft twice to ensure

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that no passengers remained on board

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before he finally exited the plane each

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day we are presented with thousands of

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decisions it is my greatest hope that

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you never faced anything as perilous as

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what Sully faced that cold January day

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but no matter the gravity of the

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decision you face before you decide

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first challenge the constraints to allow

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you to think big and think different

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next embrace a pre-mortem to mitigate

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for potential mistakes and better

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formulate the correct course of action

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and conclude by checking the basics to

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ensure that small details don't prevent

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you from accomplishing amazing things

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thank you all so much for your time

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[Music]

play12:50

[Applause]

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