Nilai dan norma sosial || Sosiologi X SMA

Summary

In this video, Nana discusses the concepts of social values and norms. She explains how values influence behavior and how they can be categorized into material, vital, and spiritual values. She also differentiates between dominant values and ingrained values. The video then delves into norms, offering insights into their definitions and classifications, including usage, folkways, mores, customs, and laws. Nana further explores various types of norms such as religious, legal, customary, and ethical norms, emphasizing their role in guiding human behavior and maintaining social order.

Takeaways

• 😀 Values are things considered either valuable or worthless, good or bad, and they influence behavior.
• 😀 According to Robert MZ Lawang, values are perceptions of what is desired and worthy, affecting social behavior.
• 😀 According to Soerjono Soekanto, values are abstract concepts that define what is considered good or bad.
• 😀 Values shape individuals' reactions, such as feeling happy or sad depending on the outcome of a test.
• 😀 There are three types of values: material values (e.g., food, shelter), vital values (e.g., tools for work), and spiritual values (e.g., religious practices).
• 😀 Dominant values are those considered more important than others, such as valuing a smartphone over games.
• 😀 Internalized values are ingrained in an individual’s personality, like a teacher feeling responsible when students fail.
• 😀 Norms are behavioral guidelines in society, which help maintain order and relationships.
• 😀 Norms are classified into five levels: usage (informal), folkways (repeated behaviors), mores (strong societal rules), customs (traditions), and laws (written rules).
• 😀 Types of norms include religious norms (e.g., prayer), legal norms (e.g., obeying traffic laws), customary norms (e.g., cultural rituals), norms of courtesy (e.g., polite language), and norms of morality (e.g., ethical conduct).

Q & A

What is the definition of 'value' according to Robert MZ Lawang?

According to Robert MZ Lawang, 'value' refers to the idea of what is considered desirable, valuable, and affects the social behavior of people who hold those values.

How does Soerjono Soekanto define 'value'?

Soerjono Soekanto defines 'value' as an abstract concept in humans regarding what is considered good or bad.

What are the types of value mentioned by Notonegoro?

Notonegoro mentions three types of value: material value (useful for physical needs like food, clothing, and shelter), vital value (useful for human activities like books for students or vehicles for workers), and spiritual value (useful for the soul, such as worship or meditation).

What is the difference between 'dominant values' and 'moral values'?

Dominant values are those considered more important than others in a particular context, such as the preference for a mobile phone over other items. Moral values, on the other hand, are deeply ingrained and reflect a person's core beliefs or habits, such as a teacher feeling a failure if their students do not pass.

How is 'norm' defined by Robert MZ Lawang?

Robert MZ Lawang defines 'norm' as a set of behavior guidelines within a specific group.

What is the main difference between 'usage' and 'folkways' in norms?

'Usage' refers to individual behaviors, like not burping during meals, with only mild consequences such as ridicule. 'Folkways', however, are more ingrained habits followed by groups, like showing respect for elders, and their violation might result in stronger reprimands.

What does 'moors' or 'tata kelakuan' refer to in societal norms?

'Moors' or 'tata kelakuan' refers to societal behavior guidelines that are deeply rooted in religion, law, or philosophy, like respecting elders or adhering to moral standards. Violating these norms can lead to significant penalties, such as legal consequences for theft or murder.

What is meant by 'custom' in terms of norms?

'Custom' refers to unwritten rules or traditions that are passed down through generations, like the prohibition of marrying within the same clan in the Batak culture. Violating these customs often leads to social exclusion.

Can you list and describe the five levels of norms based on their severity?

The five levels of norms are: 1) Usage (informal, minor violations lead to ridicule), 2) Folkways (habits, violations lead to reprimands), 3) Moors (deeply ingrained moral laws, violations result in penalties), 4) Custom (unwritten, long-standing traditions, violations lead to social rejection), 5) Law (formal, written rules, violations lead to legal consequences).

What are the five types of norms in society mentioned in the transcript?

The five types of norms in society are: 1) Religious norms (based on religious teachings), 2) Legal norms (based on national laws), 3) Customary norms (based on repeated behaviors), 4) Courtesy norms (based on politeness and social etiquette), and 5) Moral norms (based on inner conscience and ethical beliefs).