Inilah Sejarah Kerajaan Medang dan Letak Keratonnya

Summary

This video delves into the fascinating history of the Medang Kingdom, founded by Princess Sima in 642 CE. The kingdom’s origins, its connection with the Pucang Solo or Indraprasta Kingdom, and its various shifts in power and location over centuries are explored. Key events such as the internal wars, the establishment of multiple royal capitals, and the influence of various dynasties are highlighted. The video also covers the religious influences on the kingdom, from Buddhism to Hinduism, and the significant rulers who shaped Medang's history, offering a comprehensive look at its rise, fall, and legacy.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kingdom of Medang, also known as the Kingdom of Sumedang, was established in 642 Javanese calendar (412 AD) by Queen Sima or Sima Maha.
• 😀 Queen Sima was born in 600 Javanese calendar (370 AD) and was the second daughter of HAM Samudra, a ruler of the Pucang Solo Kingdom.
• 😀 The Medang Kingdom was originally a part of the Pucang Solo Kingdom and was established as an independent kingdom under the authority of Queen Sima.
• 😀 The term 'Sima Prodi' was coined after Queen Sima was given the power to rule independently from her father’s kingdom, marking the beginning of a system of independent regions under a central government.
• 😀 Medang Kingdom had a complex religious landscape, with influences from both Buddhism and Hinduism, combining elements from these religions and creating a unique local syncretism.
• 😀 The first capital of Medang was located in Kamulan, near the Lusi River in Blora, Central Java, and was later moved to Nusa Maurya near the Kaling forest.
• 😀 After a civil war between Medang Kamulan and the Kingdom of Galuh, Medang Kamulan emerged victorious, and Galuh became subordinate to it.
• 😀 The Kingdom of Medang later expanded its influence with the establishment of new territories like Medang Pocky Along and Medang Pakuwon, which served as trading hubs and military strongholds.
• 😀 The reign of Sanjaya led to the establishment of Medang Materi Ampo, which was located in Temanggung, Central Java, and was marked by significant developments, including the opening of forests to create the kingdom.
• 😀 Medang's capital shifted multiple times, reflecting its evolving political landscape, from Temanggung to Prambanan, and finally to the region of Watugaluh, located in Jombang, East Java.

Q & A

What is the origin and meaning of Keraton Medang?

Keraton Medang, also known as Keraton Sumedang, was established by Ratu Sima (Si Maha) in 642 Javanese calendar or 412 AD. The name 'Medang' comes from 'Medang' meaning 'independent' or 'self-standing,' and it signifies a kingdom that operates independently from its mother kingdom, Keraton Pucang Solo (Indraprasta).

Who was Ratu Sima and what role did she play in the founding of Keraton Medang?

Ratu Sima, born in 600 Javanese calendar or 370 AD, was the second daughter of HAM Samudra, ruler of Keraton Pucang Solo. She was appointed as the queen of Medang, and her role was pivotal in establishing the kingdom as an independent entity while still being subordinate to the mother kingdom.

What does the term 'Sima Perdikan' mean in the context of Keraton Medang?

'Sima Perdikan' refers to the grant of power or authority given by a ruler to a region, allowing it to govern itself autonomously. This concept was implemented in Keraton Medang, where Ratu Sima was given the power to rule independently while still under the overarching control of Keraton Pucang Solo.

What was the significance of the War of Indraprasta?

The War of Indraprasta, or the internal conflict between Keraton Medang and Keraton Galuh, was significant in shaping the political landscape of the region. Keraton Galuh was defeated, and its authority was absorbed by Keraton Medang, marking a shift in power under Ratu Sima's rule.

How did Keraton Medang evolve and change locations over time?

Keraton Medang went through several relocations, beginning at Medang Kamulan near Blora, then moving to Nusa Maurya, and later to other regions such as Jepara and Kuningan. The kingdom's capital changed depending on the needs of the rulers and the surrounding political dynamics.

What were the main religious influences in Keraton Medang?

The main religious influences in Keraton Medang were Buddhism and Hinduism. The region was influenced by the Buddhist teachings from India, particularly the Mahayana Buddhist influence, and later by the Hinduism of the Siwa-Kandu tradition. Ratu Sima's rule involved a blend of these religious elements.

Who were the key rulers of Keraton Medang Galuh?

Key rulers of Keraton Medang Galuh included HAM Samudra, who laid the foundation for the kingdom, and Ratu Sima, who expanded its influence. Other notable figures include HAM Shabura Dampuawang, who ruled after Ratu Sima, and his son, Hamda Yun.

What was the role of Keraton Medang Pukyong or Pekalongan?

Keraton Medang Pukyong, also known as Pekalongan, was established by HAM Samudra. It became a major trading port, thriving as a bustling hub for commerce and interaction with international trade routes, particularly during the 7th century.

How did Keraton Medang's relationship with other kingdoms, like Keraton Taruma, impact its development?

Keraton Medang's relationship with other kingdoms such as Keraton Taruma was significant in expanding its influence. After defeating Keraton Taruma, Sanjaya of Medang established a new kingdom, Medang Materi Ampo, marking the rise of Medang's power on the island of Java.

What was the role of Sanjaya in the history of Keraton Medang?

Sanjaya played a crucial role in the history of Keraton Medang, particularly in its expansion. After defeating the Taruma Kingdom, he founded Medang Materi Ampo, later establishing a new capital in Prambanan. He is known for his strong leadership and for shifting the kingdom's capital to various strategic locations.