Lub Dub | Circulatory system physiology | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy
Summary
TLDREl guión ofrece una explicación detallada de los sonidos del corazón, conocidos como 'lub-dub'. Se describe cómo se originan estos sonidos a través del funcionamiento de las válvulas cardíacas: la tricúspide, la mitral, la pulmonar y la aórtica. La narración ilustra cómo, al abrirse y cerrarse estas válvulas, se producen los sonidos 'lub' y 'dub', respectivamente. El 'lub' se asocia con la cerradura de la tricúspide y mitral, mientras que el 'dub' ocurre cuando las válvulas pulmonar y aórtica se cierran. Además, se explican los ciclos de la contracción cardíaca, 'sístole' y 'diástole', y cómo estos sonidos pueden ayudar a entender el flujo sanguíneo y el estado del corazón.
Takeaways
- 😀 El corazón emite sonidos descritos como 'lub dub, lub dub' repetidamente.
- 🫀 Los sonidos 'lub' y 'dub' provienen del cierre de las válvulas del corazón.
- 🩺 El sonido 'lub' (S1) es causado por el cierre de las válvulas tricúspide y mitral.
- 💓 El sonido 'dub' (S2) ocurre cuando se cierran las válvulas pulmonar y aórtica.
- 📊 La sangre se mueve desde la aurícula derecha al ventrículo derecho y desde la aurícula izquierda al ventrículo izquierdo simultáneamente.
- 🩸 La sangre fluye correctamente a través de las válvulas abiertas, mientras que las válvulas cerradas previenen el flujo retrógrado.
- 🔄 El ciclo cardíaco incluye la apertura y cierre de las válvulas para controlar el flujo sanguíneo.
- ⏳ El tiempo entre 'lub' y 'dub' es conocido como sístole, cuando la sangre se expulsa del corazón.
- ⏱️ El tiempo entre 'dub' y el siguiente 'lub' se llama diástole, cuando la sangre llena los ventrículos desde las aurículas.
- 🩻 Al escuchar el corazón, se pueden identificar los sonidos y correlacionarlos con las fases del ciclo cardíaco.
Q & A
¿Qué sonidos hace el corazón y cómo se describen comúnmente?
-El corazón hace sonidos que suelen describirse como 'lub-dub, lub-dub, lub-dub'. Estos sonidos se pueden representar con las letras L-U-B, D-U-B que se repiten continuamente.
¿Cómo se relacionan los sonidos 'lub' y 'dub' con las válvulas del corazón?
-El sonido 'lub' se produce cuando las válvulas tricúspide y mitral se cierran, y el sonido 'dub' se produce cuando las válvulas pulmonar y aórtica se cierran.
¿Cuáles son las cuatro válvulas principales del corazón y qué función tienen?
-Las cuatro válvulas principales del corazón son la tricúspide (T), la pulmonar (P), la mitral y la aórtica. Su función es permitir que la sangre fluya en una dirección correcta y evitar el reflujo de sangre.
¿Qué sucede cuando la sangre intenta fluir en la dirección incorrecta en el corazón?
-Cuando la sangre intenta fluir en la dirección incorrecta, las válvulas se cierran para evitar el reflujo y se producen los sonidos 'lub' y 'dub'.
¿Cómo se llenan los ventrículos del corazón de sangre?
-Los ventrículos se llenan de sangre cuando la sangre entra desde los aurículos (derecho e izquierdo) a través de las válvulas tricúspide y mitral, respectivamente.
¿Qué es lo que permite que la sangre fluya hacia las arterias después de que los ventrículos se vacían?
-La apertura de las válvulas pulmonar y aórtica permite que la sangre se ejecte hacia las arterias después de que los ventrículos se hayan vaciado.
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el sonido 'lub' (S1) y el sonido 'dub' (S2)?
-El sonido 'lub' (S1) se produce cuando las válvulas tricúspide y mitral se cierran, mientras que el sonido 'dub' (S2) se produce cuando las válvulas pulmonar y aórtica se cierran.
¿Qué período del ciclo cardíaco se asocia con el sonido 'lub' y qué sucede en ese momento?
-El sonido 'lub' se asocia con el período de la sístole, que es cuando los ventrículos están contrayéndose y bombeando sangre hacia las arterias.
¿Qué período del ciclo cardíaco se asocia con el sonido 'dub' y qué sucede en ese momento?
-El sonido 'dub' se asocia con el período de la diástole, que es cuando los aurículos están llenándose de sangre y los ventrículos se están preparando para la próxima contracción.
¿Cómo se puede usar el ritmo cardíaco para determinar si el corazón está en la fase de sístole o diástole?
-Se puede determinar si el corazón está en sístole o diástole escuchando el ritmo cardíaco. El espacio de tiempo entre 'lub' y 'dub' corresponde a la sístole, mientras que el espacio de tiempo después de 'dub' y antes del próximo 'lub' corresponde a la diástole.
¿Por qué es importante entender el funcionamiento de las válvulas y los sonidos del corazón?
-Entender el funcionamiento de las válvulas y los sonidos del corazón es importante para la salud, ya que permite identificar problemas de reflujo, estrechos o cualquier otra afección cardíaca que pueda afectar la salud.
Outlines
👂 El Sonido del Corazón
El primer párrafo explica cómo el corazón emite sonidos que suenan como 'lub-dub', y cómo se relacionan con las válvulas del corazón. Se describe cómo el diagrama del corazón se ha ampliado para enfatizar las válvulas, y se detalla cómo el sangre se mueve a través de las cámaras del corazón: el átrio derecho, el ventrículo derecho, el átrio izquierdo y el ventrículo izquierdo. Se mencionan las cuatro válvulas principales del corazón: la tricúspide, la pulmonar, la mitral y la aórtica, y se ilustra cómo estas válvulas se abren y cierran para permitir el flujo correcto de sangre y prevenir el refluxo. El proceso detallado de apertura y cierre de las válvulas es clave para entender el origen de los sonidos 'lub-dub'.
🔊 Los Sonidos Lub y Dub Explicados
El segundo párrafo profundiza en los sonidos 'lub' y 'dub', asociándolos con los sonidos producidos por el cierre de las válvulas tricúspide y mitral ('lub' o S1), y las válvulas pulmonar y aórtica ('dub' o S2). Se describe cómo estos sonidos ocurren en un ciclo continuo que se repite, y se relaciona la secuencia de apertura y cierre de las válvulas con las fases del ciclo cardíaco: la sistole (cuando el corazón bombea sangre) y la diastole (cuando el corazón se rellena de nuevo). El párrafo concluye con una explicación de cómo se puede determinar si se está en la fase de sistole o diastole basándose en la secuencia de los sonidos cardíacos.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Lub dub
💡Válvulas cardíacas
💡Ciclo cardíaco
💡Atrio
💡Ventriculo
💡Flujo sanguíneo
💡S1 y S2
💡Sistole
💡Diastole
💡Regresión de sangre
Highlights
The heart makes sounds that are usually described as 'lub dub, lub dub, lub dub'.
The heart sounds can be spelled out as L-U-B, D-U-B, repeating over and over.
A diagram of the heart with exaggerated valves is used to explain the origin of heart sounds.
The heart has four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
Blood moves simultaneously through the right and left ventricles during different stages of the cycle.
The tricuspid valve (T) and pulmonary valve (P) are identified along with the mitral and aortic valves.
Valves open and close to prevent backflow and ensure correct blood flow direction.
When the tricuspid and mitral valves snap shut, it produces the 'lub' sound, also known as S1.
The 'dub' sound, or S2, comes from the pulmonic and aortic valves snapping shut.
The opening and closing of heart valves create a rhythm that can be heard and analyzed.
The time between 'lub' and 'dub' represents systole, when blood is being pumped out.
The period between 'dub' and the next 'lub' signifies diastole, when the heart is refilling with blood.
Listening to the heart sounds can help determine the phases of the cardiac cycle: systole and diastole.
The explanation provides a clear understanding of how heart sounds are produced by valve movements.
The 'lub' and 'dub' sounds correspond to specific valve actions within the cardiac cycle.
The heart's sounds and their timing offer insights into its functioning and health.
Transcripts
If you take a good long listen to your heart,
you'll actually notice that it makes sounds.
And those sounds are usually described
as lub dub, lub dub, lub dub.
And if you actually try to figure out
what that would spell out like, usually it's
something L- U- B, D- U- B. And it just repeats over and over
and over.
And to sort of figure out where those sounds come from,
what I did is I took that diagram of the heart
that we've been using and actually exaggerated
the valves, made them really, really
clear to see in this picture.
And we'll use those valves to kind of talk
through where those sounds are coming from.
So let's start by labeling our heart.
So we've got at the top, blood is coming into the right atrium
and going to the right ventricle.
It goes off to the lungs, comes back
into the left atrium and then the left ventricle.
So these are the chambers of our heart.
Now, keep your eye on the valves.
And we'll actually talk about them
as the blood moves through.
So let's start with blood going from the right atrium this way
into the right ventricle.
Now, at the same moment that blood is actually
going from the right atrium to the right ventricle,
blood is actually also going from the left atrium
to the left ventricle.
Now, you might think, well, how's that possible?
How can blood be in two places at one time?
But now remember that blood is constantly
moving through the heart.
So in a previous cycle, you actually
had some blood that was coming back from the lungs,
and that's what's dumping into the left ventricle.
And in a new cycle, you have a bit of blood
that's going from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
So you have simultaneously two chambers
that are full of blood-- the right and left ventricle.
Now, to get the blood into those ventricles,
the valves had to open.
And specifically, let's label all the valves now.
So here you have our tricuspid valve,
and I'm going to label that as just a T.
And then up here, you have the pulmonary valve,
and this'll be just a P. And on the other side,
you've got the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium
from the left ventricle.
And you've got the aortic valve.
So these are the four valves of the heart.
And as the blood is now in the ventricles,
you can see that the tricuspid and the mitral valve are open.
So far, so good.
Now, I've actually drawn the pulmonary valve as being open.
But is that really the case?
And the answer is no, because what happens
is that as blood is moving down from the right atrium
to the right ventricle, let's say that--
and I'm going to draw it in black.
Black arrows represent the bad or the wrong direction of flow.
So let's say some blood is actually
trying to go that way, which is not the way it should be going.
What happens is that these two valves, they,
based on their shape, are actually
not-- they're going to jam up.
They're going to basically just jam up like this,
and they're not going to let the blood pass through.
So this is what happens as that valve closes down.
And the same thing happens on this side.
Let's imagine you have some backwards flow of blood
by accident, meaning that it's going in the wrong direction.
Well, then these valves are going to close down.
So the white arrows represent the correct flow of blood,
and the black arrows represent the incorrect flow of blood.
So these valves shut down like that.
So now you can see how the valves,
the aortic and pulmonary valve, are actually
closed when the mitral and tricuspid valve are open.
So what happens after this?
So now our ventricles are full of blood, right?
They're full of blood.
And let's say they squeeze down, and they jettison all the blood
into those arteries.
Well, now you're going to have-- this is actually
going to close down.
Let's say this arrow flips around.
These arrows become white, because the direction of flow
is going to be in the direction we want it.
It's going to go this way and this way
And to allow that, of course, I need
to show you that these open up.
And they allow the blood to go the way that we want it to go,
so now blood is going to flow through those two valves.
But similar to before, you could have some backflow here.
You could have backflow here.
And you can have backflow here.
So you can imagine now, let's say
you have a little bit of backflow that
wants to go this way, which is the wrong direction.
Right?
Well, then these valves are going to close up.
They're going to say, no, you can't go that way.
They're going to close right up, and they're
going to not allow blood to go that way.
So this is going to happen on both sides, both ventricles.
And the valves shut.
And so basically the backflow of blood
is not allowed, because the valves keep shutting.
And when the valves snap shut-- so for example, right now
the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve snapped shut.
Well, that makes a noise.
So when T and M snap shut, that makes a noise that we call lub.
That's that first noise, that first heart sound.
In fact, sometimes people don't even call it lub dub.
They say, well, it's the first heart sound.
And to make that even shorter, sometimes people call that S1.
So if you hear S1, you know they're
talking about that same exact thing.
And this dub is called the second heart sound.
And, no surprise, just as before, if that's S1,
this is S2.
So you'll hear S1 when the tricuspid and mitral valve
snap shut.
So far, so good.
But you also know that if that's what's making noise,
you can kind of guess-- and it's a very smart guess-- that
at the same time, the pulmonic valve and the aortic valve
just opened.
So if the other valves snap shut, these just opened.
Right?
You can kind of assume that, although the noise
you're hearing is actually from here.
So what's happening with dub?
Well, the opposite.
And what I mean by that is-- let me now
show you what happens a moment later.
Well, after the ventricles are done squeezing,
then we get to a point where you might
have a little bit of flow that way and that way,
just as I drew before.
And these valves snap shut as well.
So now these snap shut.
And as these snap shut-- because they
don't want to allow backflow, right?
They're going to snap shut like that.
They make noise.
And so when you have dub, you actually
have noise coming from the pulmonic and aortic valve
snapping shut.
And that must mean that then the other two valves just opened
up-- the tricuspid and mitral just opened.
You can assume that, right?
And I didn't draw that in the picture.
Let me update my picture now to show that.
So now these two have opened up, and blood
is coming into the ventricles again.
So it's actually a nice little rhythm that you get going.
And every time these valves go open and shut, you hear noise.
So you can kind of figure out what's happening based on--
and these actually-- let me erase that.
And now you have white arrows going this way.
And we've returned to where we started from.
So you basically have a full cycle,
and between these two-- so let's say from lub to dub,
because there's a little bit of space there.
If you were to follow it over time, over time,
this is what it might look like if this is a little timeline.
You might hear lub here, or the first heart sound.
I'll just call it S1.
And you might hear S2 here, the second heart sound.
And then you'll hear S1 again over here and S2.
And what's happening between the two-- so between these two,
this time lag here-- is that blood is actually
squeezing out, because the pulmonary and aortic valves
just opened.
It is squeezing out and going out to the whole body.
So this is when blood is going to the body,
and sometimes we call that systole.
And between dub and the next lub-- so
in this area right here-- well, at that point,
blood is kind of refilling from the atriums
into the ventricles, and we call that diastole.
So now you can actually listen to your heart.
And you can actually figure out, well,
if you're listening to the sound between lub and dub
or the space in time between lub and dub,
that's when you're having systole.
And if you're listening to or waiting for the sound
to start up again-- so you just heard dub,
and you're waiting for lub again-- then that space in time
is diastole.
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