SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN AGAMA HINDU DI INDONESIA

Summary

This video explores the development of Hinduism in Indonesia, tracing its roots from the 4th century CE through various regions and dynasties. It examines the spread of Hinduism through trade and royal influence, supported by historical artifacts like inscriptions and temples. Key milestones include the rise of powerful kingdoms such as Tarumanegara and Majapahit, the syncretic blend of Hinduism and Buddhism, and the religion’s eventual shift to Bali following the decline of Hinduism in Java. The video concludes with the revitalization of Hindu practices in modern Indonesia, particularly in Bali, demonstrating Hinduism's ongoing influence in the region.

Takeaways

• 😀 Hinduism was introduced to Indonesia around the 4th century CE, with early evidence found in Kalimantan, such as the Yupa inscriptions from the Kutai kingdom.
• 😀 Hinduism spread gradually in Indonesia through trade and royal patronage, with notable influence from Hindu kings like Purnawarman of the Tarumanegara kingdom.
• 😀 Inscriptions, such as the ones found in Central Java, show that Hinduism was practiced with a focus on the Trimurti: Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
• 😀 The Canggal inscription, dated to 732 CE, highlights the importance of the Siwa sect of Hinduism, marking significant religious practices during the Sanjaya dynasty.
• 😀 Hinduism continued to influence East Java, particularly with the establishment of temples and the promotion of Shiva worship under kings like Dewasimha and Dharmawangsa.
• 😀 The Majapahit period saw a syncretic blend of Hinduism and Buddhism, with both religions influencing each other, particularly in temple art and royal rituals.
• 😀 After the decline of the Majapahit empire, Hinduism's influence shifted to Bali, where the religion thrived and continued to evolve.
• 😀 In Bali, Hinduism remained a central part of cultural and religious life, especially during the reign of kings like Dharmodayana Warmadewa and later, the Gelgel and Badung kingdoms.
• 😀 During the colonial period, Hinduism faced challenges due to the influence of the Dutch, but it continued to adapt and survive through various social and religious institutions.
• 😀 Following Indonesia's independence, Hinduism was institutionalized with the establishment of religious organizations like the Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia, ensuring its continued presence in modern Indonesian society.

Q & A

What is the earliest evidence of Hinduism in Indonesia?

The earliest evidence of Hinduism in Indonesia is found in the Yupa inscriptions discovered in Kutai, Kalimantan, dating back to the 4th century CE. These inscriptions mention Hindu rituals and deities, particularly Lord Shiva.

How did Hinduism spread to Indonesia?

Hinduism spread to Indonesia gradually through trade, cultural exchange, and the influence of the Waisya theory, which emphasizes the role of merchants in the dissemination of the religion.

What role did King Purnawarman play in the development of Hinduism in Indonesia?

King Purnawarman of the Tarumanegara Kingdom (5th century CE) played a significant role in the spread of Hinduism. His reign is marked by inscriptions that highlight the worship of Lord Vishnu and the king's Hindu practices.

What does the Yupa inscription from the Kutai Kingdom reveal about early Hinduism in Indonesia?

The Yupa inscriptions from the Kutai Kingdom describe the Hindu ritual of sacrificing animals to the gods, particularly Lord Shiva. They are written in Pallava script and Sanskrit, and they provide the oldest evidence of Hindu worship in Indonesia.

What influence did Hinduism have on the Kingdom of Tarumanegara?

Hinduism significantly influenced the Kingdom of Tarumanegara, as evidenced by the seven inscriptions in Pallava script, which mention Lord Vishnu as the giver of prosperity, marking the kingdom's strong Hindu identity.

What are the key features of the Hindu influence in Central Java during the 7th century?

In Central Java, Hinduism influenced the region around 670 CE, especially the concept of the Trimurti (Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva). Inscriptions from this time, like those found on Mount Merbabu, depict symbols of the Trimurti and signify the continued spread of Hinduism.

What role did King Dewasimha play in the development of Hinduism in East Java?

King Dewasimha of the Kanjuruhan Kingdom in East Java, during the 8th century, contributed to the spread of Hinduism by promoting the worship of Lord Shiva, as evidenced by inscriptions and statues dedicated to the deity.

How did Hinduism continue to thrive in East Java during the 9th to 10th centuries?

Between 929 and 947 CE, the Medang Kingdom under King Sri Isyanatunggawijaya saw the flourishing of Hinduism, especially Shaivism, with the development of religious texts and further integration of Hindu-Buddhist influences.

What were some significant Hindu religious texts produced during the 10th century in Java?

During the 10th century, important Hindu religious texts were produced in Java, such as the 'Purwadigama' (a legal text based on Vedic scriptures), as well as Javanese versions of the Mahabharata, including the 'Arjunawiwaha' by Mpu Kanwa.

What caused the shift of Hinduism's center from Java to Bali?

As Hinduism began to decline in East Java due to political shifts and the decline of Hindu kingdoms, the center of Hindu practice shifted to Bali, where it continued to thrive and develop, particularly through the influence of local kings like Dharmodayana Warmadewa.