Kisah Sejarah Kerajaan Pagaruyung

Summary

The video explores the history of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, a Malay kingdom that once ruled over present-day West Sumatra and surrounding areas. It details the rise of Adityawarman, who proclaimed himself as the ruler of Malayapura in the 14th century, and the kingdom's influence under his reign. It also covers the impact of Hindu-Buddhist culture, the eventual introduction of Islam in the 16th century, and the transformation of the kingdom into a Sultanate. The video highlights key historical events, such as the Padri War and the integration of Islamic governance and culture in Minangkabau society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Pagaruyung was a Malay kingdom that once covered modern-day West Sumatra and surrounding areas, with its name derived from the local Minangkabau folklore.
• 😀 The kingdom's history is documented in a variety of inscriptions, including the Tangkal Alam Bagagar inscription from Pagaruyung, confirming the existence of the kingdom.
• 😀 The fall of the Pagaruyung kingdom occurred during the Padri War and following the signing of a treaty with the Dutch, leading to Dutch oversight.
• 😀 Pagaruyung was part of the larger Malayapura kingdom, historically ruled by Adityawarman, who established dominance over the Malay region and surrounding territories.
• 😀 There is no clear historical record pinpointing the exact foundation of Pagaruyung, although Adityawarman's reign and related inscriptions support his role as a key figure in its history.
• 😀 Adityawarman, originally an uparaja (subordinate king) to Majapahit, became a dominant ruler in Sumatra, promoting significant developments like irrigation systems.
• 😀 The influence of Hinduism and Buddhism spread to Sumatra in the 13th century, particularly during the reign of Adityawarman, as seen in the construction of religious monuments and inscriptions.
• 😀 The Buddhist influence in Sumatra is reflected in the Amoghapasa statues and other artifacts found in regions once controlled by Adityawarman, like Dharmasraya.
• 😀 The spread of Islam in Pagaruyung began in the 16th century, introduced by Muslim missionaries and scholars from Aceh and Malacca, such as Syaikh Abdurrauf Singkil and Syaikh Burhanuddin Ulakan.
• 😀 The kingdom transitioned into a Sultanate under Islamic rule in the 17th century, with the first Islamic ruler, Sultan Alif, marking the beginning of Islamic influence on governance and societal norms.
• 😀 The adoption of Islam led to the replacement of Hindu-Buddhist terms with Islamic ones, such as Imam Khatib, Khotib, and Bilal, and changed the structure of traditional Minangkabau customs.

Q & A

What was the Pagaruyung Kingdom and where was it located?

The Pagaruyung Kingdom was a Malay kingdom that existed in the West Sumatra region of Indonesia, covering modern Sumatera Barat and surrounding areas.

How is the name 'Pagaruyung' connected to the Minangkabau people?

The name 'Pagaruyung' is derived from the 'tambo' (oral history) of the Minangkabau people, which refers to a region named Pagaruyung.

Who was Adityawarman, and what role did he play in the history of Pagaruyung?

Adityawarman was a ruler who significantly influenced the Pagaruyung Kingdom. He solidified his rule as the Maharaja of Malayapura and spread Hindu-Buddhist influence during his reign in the 14th century.

What were some of the key achievements of Adityawarman during his reign?

Adityawarman's achievements included the construction of irrigation systems, the development of the Minangkabau highlands, and the spread of Hindu-Buddhist culture, particularly through the influence of South India.

What role did Majapahit Empire play in the history of Pagaruyung?

The Majapahit Empire had a significant influence on the Pagaruyung Kingdom, with Adityawarman initially serving as a vassal of Majapahit. After his death, the Majapahit Empire attempted to assert control over Pagaruyung, leading to a battle between the two forces.

How did the arrival of Islam affect the Pagaruyung Kingdom?

Islam began to influence Pagaruyung in the 16th century, primarily through Muslim scholars from Aceh and Malacca. Over time, the kingdom transitioned into an Islamic Sultanate, and Islamic principles replaced many traditional customs.

What is the meaning of the Minangkabau proverb 'adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah'?

The proverb means that Minangkabau customs are based on Islamic principles, with Islam itself grounded in the teachings of the Qur'an. It reflects the integration of Islam into the region's cultural and legal systems.

What was the Padri War, and what role did it play in the history of Pagaruyung?

The Padri War was a civil war in Pagaruyung, primarily between the 'Padri' (ulama) and the 'adat' (traditionalists). It was sparked by the rise of Islamic influence and led to the involvement of the Dutch colonial powers.

How did the presence of Buddhism and Hinduism influence the Pagaruyung Kingdom?

Buddhism and Hinduism influenced Pagaruyung through religious and cultural practices, including the construction of temples and the spread of these religions by Adityawarman. These influences were significant until the rise of Islam in the 16th century.

What significant religious shifts occurred in Pagaruyung by the 16th century?

By the 16th century, Islam had begun to replace Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion in Pagaruyung. This shift marked the kingdom's transformation from a Hindu-Buddhist monarchy to an Islamic Sultanate.