Sistem dan Struktur Politik Ekonomi Masa Orde Baru 1966-1998 || Sejarah Indonesia Kelas XII

Summary

This educational script discusses the political and economic systems in Indonesia during the New Order era (1966-1998), focusing on key events like the rise of General Soeharto to the presidency. It covers the 1966 Tri-Tura (Three People's Demands) action led by youth and students, leading to the fall of President Sukarno's government and the dissolution of the PKI. The script further highlights the Supersemar decree, the dual leadership situation between Sukarno and Soeharto, and Sukarno's eventual resignation. The transition to Soeharto's presidency marks the start of the New Order period.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lesson discusses the political and economic systems of Indonesia during the New Order period (1966-1998).
• 😀 The events in 1966 marked a transition in Indonesia's leadership, especially after the G30S PKI incident, leading to the end of President Sukarno's rule and the PKI's political influence.
• 😀 The student and youth-led movement known as the 'Tritura' (Three Demands of the People) played a crucial role in demanding political reforms, including the dissolution of PKI and the reduction of prices.
• 😀 The 'Supersemar' (Letter of March 11, 1966) gave General Suharto broad authority to restore stability, marking a pivotal moment in Indonesian politics.
• 😀 The dual leadership between President Sukarno and General Suharto created significant political tension, leading to a shift in power dynamics.
• 😀 The dual leadership led to General Suharto’s increased political influence, including his control over cabinet appointments and other key decisions.
• 😀 Popular dissatisfaction with President Sukarno grew, leading to demands for his resignation.
• 😀 President Sukarno eventually resigned on March 22, 1967, following increasing political pressure and military involvement in the government.
• 😀 General Suharto officially became President of Indonesia on March 22, 1968, starting the era of the New Order.
• 😀 The lesson includes a review of key events leading to the downfall of President Sukarno, including his speeches and the military's influence on his resignation.
• 😀 The assignment encourages students to analyze the impact of national leadership transitions, focusing on the dual leadership during the period and the reasons behind Sukarno's resignation.

Q & A

What was the main objective of the Tritura (Tri Tuntutan Rakyat) in January 1966?

The main objective of the Tritura was to demand the dissolution of the PKI, the removal of G30S/PKI elements from the government, and the improvement of the economy by lowering prices.

Who were the main groups involved in the Tritura demonstrations?

The Tritura demonstrations were primarily led by students and youth organizations, particularly those associated with the Front Pancasila.

What event marked the beginning of Soeharto's rise to power?

Soeharto's rise to power began with the issuance of Supersemar (Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret) on March 11, 1966, which granted him the authority to take necessary actions to restore security and stability in Indonesia.

What were the key provisions of Supersemar?

Supersemar authorized Soeharto to take actions necessary for ensuring security and stability, to guarantee the safety of President Soekarno, and to carry out the will of the leader of the revolution.

How did Supersemar impact the leadership structure in Indonesia?

Supersemar significantly increased the political power of Soeharto, marking the beginning of dual leadership, with Soekarno remaining president in name while Soeharto exercised executive control.

What led to the dualism of leadership in Indonesia during this period?

Dualism in leadership occurred due to the conflicting powers of Soekarno, as the symbolic president, and Soeharto, who held real political and military power through Supersemar.

Why did President Soekarno face declining popularity during this time?

Soekarno's popularity declined due to the political instability, the increasing demands for his resignation, and his inability to manage the country's economic crisis and security challenges effectively.

What were the key events that led to President Soekarno's resignation?

Key events leading to Soekarno’s resignation included the growing pressure from the military, the MPRS resolution demanding a clarification of his position, and his formal resignation on February 22, 1967.

How did the resignation of Soekarno affect the political landscape of Indonesia?

Soekarno's resignation marked the end of the Old Order era and paved the way for Soeharto to formally assume the presidency, thus starting the New Order regime in Indonesia.

What was the significance of Soeharto's formal inauguration as president on March 22, 1968?

Soeharto's formal inauguration on March 22, 1968, officially marked the beginning of the New Order era, characterized by a shift to a more stable political regime under military-led rule.