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Summary

The video explores the history of Indonesia's New Order era under President Soeharto. It covers the political turmoil following the G30S incident and Soeharto's rise to power in 1967. The administration implemented the 'Trilogi Pembangunan' strategy, emphasizing political stability, economic growth, and equitable prosperity. Key development programs, such as the PELITA five-year plans and the Green Revolution, helped modernize agriculture and infrastructure. Soeharto's government also addressed inflation, food security, and social welfare, including education, health, and family planning, shaping the country’s development over decades.

Takeaways

• 😀 Soeharto became Indonesia's second president in 1967 after being appointed by President Sukarno following the G30S incident.
• 😀 Soeharto's leadership was based on the 'Trilogi Pembangunan' (Trilogy of Development), focusing on political stability, economic growth, and welfare distribution.
• 😀 The government implemented two types of development programs: long-term (25-30 years) and short-term (5-year plans, known as Pelita).
• 😀 Pelita programs included agriculture, infrastructure, and industry as key sectors, aiming to improve the economy and the living standards of the people.
• 😀 The Green Revolution was introduced, modernizing agriculture by promoting the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yielding seeds.
• 😀 Soeharto's government effectively reduced inflation from 650% to 120%, stabilizing the economy and curbing the rising cost of living.
• 😀 The government's focus on transportation infrastructure, including land and air transport, helped accelerate national integration and the mobility of the population.
• 😀 Key social programs during the New Order included the introduction of compulsory six-year education, family planning (KB), and improving public health services through Puskesmas and posandu.
• 😀 The government also formed Bulog (Badan Urusan Logistik) to regulate the prices of essential goods, maintaining stable prices for basic necessities.
• 😀 Soeharto's policies led to significant improvements in economic stability, agricultural productivity, and infrastructure development, contributing to Indonesia's modernization.

Q & A

What event led to Soeharto's appointment as the second President of Indonesia?

Soeharto was appointed as the second President of Indonesia following the political turmoil after the G30S (30th September Movement) in 1965. The situation worsened after the incident, prompting the Special Session of the MPRS (People's Consultative Assembly) to appoint him as the acting president in 1966.

What was the purpose of the Supersemar (March 11th Order)?

The Supersemar was a decree issued by President Sukarno on March 11th, 1966, which authorized Soeharto to take control of the government and manage the worsening political situation in Indonesia.

What was the key focus of Soeharto’s speech after being appointed President in 1967?

In his speech after being appointed as president, Soeharto emphasized the importance of democracy based on Pancasila, rejecting dictatorship in any form, whether individual, group, or military, and ensuring that no group could impose its will on others.

What was the 'Trilogi Pembangunan' and its significance?

The 'Trilogi Pembangunan' (Triad of Development) was a strategic framework used by Soeharto’s government, focusing on three key areas: political stability, economic growth, and equitable welfare for the people of Indonesia. It aimed to ensure the success of national development.

How was Indonesia’s national development program divided under the New Order government?

The national development program under the New Order government was divided into two phases: a long-term plan (lasting 25-30 years) and a short-term plan (5 years), which was known as the 'Pelita' or Five-Year Development Plan.

What were the key goals of the first Pelita (Pelita I)?

The first Pelita, running from April 1, 1969, to March 31, 1974, focused on agricultural development, aiming to boost food production and improve the agricultural sector.

What was the objective of the Green Revolution program introduced by Soeharto?

The Green Revolution program aimed to modernize agriculture by introducing new technologies such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, high-yielding seed varieties, and modern farming equipment. This was intended to increase food production and improve the livelihood of farmers.

What was the economic situation when Soeharto first became president, and how did he address it?

When Soeharto took office, Indonesia was facing severe economic challenges, including inflation rates reaching 650%. He successfully implemented measures to reduce inflation to 120% within a short period, stabilizing the economy.

How did the New Order government handle food security in Indonesia?

The New Order government aimed for 'Swasembada Pangan' (food self-sufficiency), which was part of their agricultural strategy. This included policies like the Green Revolution to increase food production, stabilize prices, and ensure sufficient food supply for the population.

What role did Bulog (Badan Urusan Logistik) play in Indonesia's economy?

Bulog was established to manage logistics and control the prices of essential goods like food. By stabilizing the prices of basic commodities, Bulog helped ensure the availability of these goods and prevented significant price fluctuations during the New Order period.