Mudahnya belajar Power Supply dari prinsip kerja, komponen PSU dibahas dengan detail dan lengkap

Summary

This video explains the fundamental principles of power supplies and adapters, focusing on their main components: transformers, rectifiers, and voltage regulators. It discusses the operation of step-down transformers, which reduce AC voltage for electronic devices, and how rectification converts AC to DC. The video also covers filtering methods using capacitors to stabilize the output, and the role of voltage regulators in ensuring a consistent voltage despite fluctuations in load or input. The importance of protection features like short circuit and overvoltage protection in modern power supplies is highlighted, particularly through the use of specific ICs.

Takeaways

• 🔌 Power supplies or adapters are primarily divided into four main components: transformers, rectifiers, filters, and voltage regulators.
• 🔄 Transformers are categorized into two types: step-up and step-down, with step-down transformers being commonly used in power supply circuits.
• ⚡ Step-down transformers reduce electrical voltage to meet the requirements of electronic circuits.
• 📡 Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and consist of primary and secondary windings.
• 🔄 The output voltage from a transformer is in alternating current (AC) form, which must be processed further.
• 🛠️ Rectifiers convert AC to direct current (DC), and there are two types: half-wave rectifiers and full-wave rectifiers.
• 📦 Filters, typically made of capacitors, are used in power supply circuits to smooth out the output current from rectifiers.
• ⚙️ To achieve stable DC voltage and current, voltage regulators are essential components in power supplies.
• 🛡️ Voltage regulators maintain output voltage regardless of variations in temperature, load, and input voltage.
• 🔧 Common voltage regulator types include the IC-78xx for positive voltage regulation and 79xx for negative voltage regulation.

Q & A

What are the main components of a power supply or adapter?

The main components of a power supply or adapter include the transformer, rectifier, filter, and voltage regulator.

What is the function of a step-down transformer?

A step-down transformer reduces the electrical voltage to meet the needs of electronic circuits or devices.

How does a transformer work?

A transformer operates based on electromagnetic induction, consisting of primary and secondary windings that facilitate voltage transformation.

What type of current is output from the transformer, and what must be done to it?

The output from the transformer is alternating current (AC), which needs to be converted to direct current (DC) by the rectifier.

What are the two types of rectifier circuits mentioned?

The two types of rectifier circuits are the half-wave rectifier, which uses one diode, and the full-wave rectifier, which uses two or four diodes.

What is the role of the filter in a power supply?

The filter reduces the ripple voltage in the output from the rectifier, smoothing the DC signal, and typically consists of capacitors.

Why is a voltage regulator needed in a power supply?

A voltage regulator ensures that the output voltage remains stable and is unaffected by variations in load and input voltage.

What components typically comprise a voltage regulator?

Voltage regulators generally consist of Zener diodes, transistors, or integrated circuits (ICs) to maintain the desired voltage output.

What protections are often included in sophisticated DC power supplies?

Sophisticated DC power supplies may include short circuit protection, current limiting, and over-voltage protection features.

What does the model number (e.g., 7805) of an IC voltage regulator indicate?

The model number indicates the output voltage of the regulator; for example, 7805 outputs +5 volts, 7809 outputs +9 volts, and 7905 outputs -5 volts.