Pemberontakan DI/TII Kalimantan Selatan (Ibnu Hadjar)

Summary

The transcript discusses the rebellion led by Ibnu Hajar in South Kalimantan during the early 1950s. Disillusioned by the government and denied entry into the Indonesian National Army (TNI) despite being a freedom fighter, Hajar and his followers launched guerrilla attacks against TNI posts. Hajar’s movement grew, but after years of struggle, he eventually surrendered to the government in 1963. Though there were hopes for amnesty, Hajar was sentenced to death in 1965. The transcript highlights his journey from a guerrilla commander to a failed bid for national integration.

Takeaways

• 💥 Ibnu Hajar's rebellion in South Kalimantan cannot be separated from the oppressed people's organization in the early 1950s.
• 🛡️ Many of the rebels were former independence fighters who opposed Dutch forces in the region.
• 😠 The rebellion stemmed from dissatisfaction with the government, especially after the 1949 transfer of sovereignty in the Hague Agreement.
• 🚫 The rebels, including Ibnu Hajar, felt marginalized as they were not accepted into the Indonesian military (TNI), despite being former freedom fighters.
• 🔫 In contrast, former Dutch soldiers were allowed to join the Indonesian military after the dissolution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) in 1950.
• 🌳 The fighters, many from rural and forested areas of South Kalimantan, resented the arrival of TNI from Java and felt excluded from important civil and military positions.
• ⚔️ Ibnu Hajar led a small guerrilla group, initially 60 men, which grew to 250 after attacking TNI posts in March 1950.
• 🛑 Despite initial peace efforts, Ibnu Hajar fled into the forest and continued guerrilla warfare until 1963, when he and his followers finally surrendered.
• ⚖️ Ibnu Hajar was captured, tried in a military court, and sentenced to death on March 11, 1965.
• 🪖 At his trial, Ibnu Hajar wore his military uniform, but efforts to secure amnesty for him by authorities failed.

Q & A

Who was Ibnu Hajar and what role did he play in South Kalimantan's DI/TII rebellion?

Ibnu Hajar was a key figure in the DI/TII rebellion in South Kalimantan. He was a former guerilla fighter who, along with his comrades, was dissatisfied with the Indonesian government for not allowing them to join the military after having fought for independence against the Dutch.

Why did Ibnu Hajar and his followers rebel against the Indonesian government?

Ibnu Hajar and his followers rebelled because they were not accepted into the Indonesian National Army (TNI) despite being former independence fighters. They felt excluded, especially as former Dutch colonial forces were integrated into the military, while local freedom fighters like them were overlooked.

What were some of the grievances held by Ibnu Hajar and his comrades?

Their grievances included not being accepted into the TNI, feeling sidelined by officials from Java who occupied important positions in the government and military in South Kalimantan, and perceiving that those who had collaborated with the Dutch were given preference.

How did Ibnu Hajar begin his rebellion against the government?

Ibnu Hajar's rebellion started by leading a small group of 60 men who attacked TNI posts in March 1950. His force grew to about 250 followers as they continued their guerilla campaign, though they had limited weapons.

What was the turning point in Ibnu Hajar’s rebellion, and how did it impact his actions?

A turning point came in 1956 when the government offered peace to the rebels. Ibnu Hajar briefly entered the city and met with officials but later retreated to the forest, continuing his guerilla warfare until his eventual surrender in 1963.

How did Ibnu Hajar's rebellion eventually come to an end?

The rebellion ended in July 1963 when Ibnu Hajar and his remaining followers surrendered to the government. After more than a decade of guerilla warfare, the movement's momentum had dwindled, and Hajar agreed to surrender.

What was the outcome of Ibnu Hajar's trial, and what was the sentence given to him?

Ibnu Hajar was sentenced to death by a military court on March 11, 1965. Despite attempts by local authorities to secure amnesty for him, he was found guilty of his role in the rebellion and sentenced accordingly.

How did Ibnu Hajar's background as a former guerilla fighter influence his leadership in the rebellion?

Ibnu Hajar’s experience as a guerilla commander during the independence struggle made him an effective leader in the rebellion. Though illiterate, he had risen to the rank of second lieutenant and led guerilla operations, earning the loyalty of his followers.

Why was there a divide between former Dutch collaborators and independence fighters like Ibnu Hajar in the post-independence military integration?

After the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference (KMB) in 1949, many former Dutch collaborators were accepted into the Indonesian military, while local guerilla fighters like Ibnu Hajar were not. This caused resentment among those who had fought against the Dutch, as they felt overlooked in favor of those who had been their enemies during the independence war.

What efforts were made to secure amnesty for Ibnu Hajar, and why did they fail?

Tengku Abdul Aziz, a local commissioner, made efforts to secure amnesty for Ibnu Hajar, citing his surrender and willingness to end the rebellion. However, the government did not grant amnesty, and Ibnu Hajar was ultimately sentenced to death by the military court.