PEMBERONTAKAN DARUL ISLAM/TENTARA ISLAM INDONESIA (DI/TII)

Summary

The video discusses the Darul Islam (DI) or Tentara Islam Indonesia (TII) rebellion, which aimed to establish an Islamic State in Indonesia. Led by figures like Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwiryo, Amir Fatah, Ibnu Hajar, Kahar Muzakkar, and Daud Beuruwi, the rebellion took place in regions such as Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Kalimantan Selatan, Sulawesi Selatan, and Aceh. Despite initial successes, the rebellion ultimately failed due to a combination of military operations and persuasive government efforts, leading to the capture or death of key leaders by the mid-1960s.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Darul Islam (DI) TII rebellion aimed to establish an Islamic State in Indonesia, rejecting the Republic's government.
• 😀 The rebellion occurred in multiple regions including West Java, Central Java, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, and Aceh.
• 😀 The rebellion in West Java, led by Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwiryo, was triggered by the Renville Agreement and the desire to create a theocratic Islamic state.
• 😀 Kartosuwiryo's forces were eventually surrounded and defeated through military operations, and he was captured in 1962 and executed.
• 😀 In Central Java, Amir Fatah led a similar rebellion in 1949 with the same goal of establishing an Islamic State, but it was quickly suppressed due to lack of popular support.
• 😀 Ibnu Hajar led the rebellion in South Kalimantan in 1950, using the group 'Kesatuan Rakyat yang Tertindas' (KYD) to declare allegiance to DI TII.
• 😀 The South Kalimantan rebellion was crushed after Ibnu Hajar obtained weapons and continued to defy the government, eventually being captured and executed in 1963.
• 😀 The rebellion in South Sulawesi, led by Kahar Muzakkar, stemmed from dissatisfaction with the APRIS leadership and was marked by Muzakkar's declaration of the region as part of the Islamic State.
• 😀 Despite initial resistance, Kahar Muzakkar was killed in 1965, ending the rebellion in South Sulawesi after a series of military confrontations.
• 😀 Daud Beureueh led the rebellion in Aceh, opposing the central government's decision to lower Aceh's status. The rebellion was ended by a mix of military action and diplomatic efforts, and Daud was neutralized by 1962.

Q & A

What was the primary objective of the Darul Islam (DI) rebellion in West Java?

The primary objective of the Darul Islam rebellion in West Java was to establish the Indonesian Islamic State, as the leader, Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwiryo, opposed the newly formed Republic of Indonesia and sought to create a theocratic state based on Islam.

Who led the Darul Islam rebellion in West Java, and what was his background?

The rebellion in West Java was led by Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwiryo, a former leader of the Indonesian Islamic Union Party (Serikat Islam Indonesia). He was initially involved in the independence movement but later turned against the Republic of Indonesia.

What was the significance of the Renville Agreement in relation to the DI TII rebellion?

The Renville Agreement, signed in December 1945, contributed to the DI TII rebellion as it allowed Kartosuwiryo to further pursue his goal of establishing an Islamic state, particularly after the Republic of Indonesia agreed to relinquish parts of Java to the Dutch.

What was the outcome of the DI TII rebellion in West Java?

The rebellion in West Java was suppressed by the government, and Kartosuwiryo was captured in 1962, later being sentenced to death, marking the end of the DI TII uprising in that region.

When and where did the Darul Islam rebellion in Central Java occur, and who led it?

The Darul Islam rebellion in Central Java began on August 23, 1949, and was led by Amir Fatah, who sought to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia, similar to the rebellion in West Java.

Why did the DI TII rebellion in Central Java end relatively quickly?

The rebellion in Central Java ended quickly due to a lack of popular support and the inability to sustain resistance, leading Amir Fatah to surrender to the government in December 1951.

Who was Ibnu Hajar, and what role did he play in the Darul Islam rebellion in South Kalimantan?

Ibnu Hajar was a former lieutenant in the Indonesian National Army (TNI) and led a rebellion in South Kalimantan starting in 1950. He formed a group called the 'Kesatuan Rakyat yang Tertindas' (KYT) and later aligned with DI TII, fighting against the Indonesian government.

How did the government respond to the DI TII rebellion in South Kalimantan?

The government initially offered rebels the chance to surrender, but Ibnu Hajar took advantage of this by acquiring weapons before continuing the rebellion. Military operations were carried out, and he was captured in 1963, subsequently being sentenced to death.

What motivated Kahar Muzakkar to lead the rebellion in South Sulawesi, and what was the outcome?

Kahar Muzakkar led the rebellion in South Sulawesi due to his dissatisfaction with not being placed in a leadership role in the military. His movement sought to establish South Sulawesi as part of the Indonesian Islamic State. The rebellion was eventually suppressed, and Kahar Muzakkar was killed in February 1965.

What triggered the Darul Islam rebellion in Aceh, and who was its leader?

The rebellion in Aceh was triggered by the government's decision to downgrade Aceh's status in 1950, which was opposed by Daud Beureueh, a former military governor of Aceh during the independence war. He declared Aceh part of the Indonesian Islamic State, leading to a rebellion in 1953.

How did the Indonesian government address the DI TII rebellion in Aceh?

The Indonesian government used both persuasive and military approaches to address the DI TII rebellion in Aceh. The persuasive approach aimed to restore public trust, while military operations were conducted to destroy armed DI TII forces. This led to the eventual restoration of peace in Aceh by 1962.