Taktik Fusi Parpol Ala Rezim Orde Baru | Jejak Pemilu tvOne

Summary

The script outlines Indonesia's political landscape during Soeharto's era, marked by the 1977 general elections and the consolidation of political parties under the 'New Order' regime. It details the fusion of parties into Golkar and PDI, aiming to simplify the political sphere and strengthen Golkar's dominance. The script also touches on the 'floating mass' concept, which aimed to distance rural populations from political activities, except during elections. The period saw discontent among intellectuals and students, leading to the 1974 Malari incident, reflecting the challenges faced by Soeharto's government amidst corruption and foreign investment criticisms.

Takeaways

• 🗳️ The 1977 general election in Indonesia was conducted in an orderly, direct, free, and secret manner across the country.
• 📅 On March 27, 1968, Soeharto was appointed as president by the MPRS, a position he held until a new president was elected in June 1971.
• ✌️ In the 1971 election, Golkar won a significant victory, becoming the single majority party in the DPR and MPR, allowing them to nominate their candidate for president.
• 🔴 The concept of a strong single party in Indonesia was favored due to past political conflicts and ideological polarizations, leading to a simplification from 11 parties to two, with Golkar being a special case.
• 🏛️ In 1973, the MPR issued a decree emphasizing the need for the grouping of political party participants, which led to the fusion of several parties into two main parties: P3 (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan) and PDI (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia).
• 🤝 The fusion of Islamic parties into P3 and nationalist parties into PDI was a strategic move to streamline political representation and ensure a unified national direction.
• 🚫 The government under Soeharto's 'New Order' era implemented policies to limit the influence of political parties, including restrictions on establishing local branches below the district level.
• 📉 The fusion of parties did not grant them full freedom to operate independently, as Soeharto's government maintained control through various directorates and ministries.
• 📉 The original identities of the fused parties were gradually eroded, leading to a loss of distinct party characteristics, especially in the case of PDI.
• 📚 The 'floating mass' concept was introduced to keep the rural population distant from political activities, except during elections, aiming to strengthen Golkar's position.
• 🚨 The period from 1970 to 1974 was marked by dissatisfaction among intellectuals and students with the government's policies, leading to protests and the eventual 'Malari' incident on January 15, 1974, which highlighted social and political tensions.

Q & A

What significant event took place on May 2, 1977, in Indonesia?

On May 2, 1977, general elections were held across Indonesia, which were conducted in an orderly, direct, free, and secret manner.

Who was appointed as the president by MPRS on March 27, 1968, and until when was he supposed to serve?

On March 27, 1968, Soeharto was appointed as the president by MPRS, and he was supposed to serve until a new president was elected through the general elections scheduled for June 1971.

What was the outcome of the 1971 general elections in Indonesia?

In the 1971 general elections, Golkar won a significant victory, becoming the single majority party in the People's Consultative Assembly (DPR) and the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).

How did the political party landscape in Indonesia change under Soeharto's rule, and what was the rationale behind it?

Under Soeharto's rule, the political party landscape was simplified from multiple parties to two main parties, with Golkar being a special case standing alone. The rationale was to reduce political conflicts and polarities, aiming for political stability as a prerequisite for development.

What was the concept of 'floating mass' in the context of Indonesian politics during the New Order era?

The 'floating mass' concept referred to a group of people or masses without a specific political party ideology. It was particularly used to describe rural populations who were kept distant from political activities except during elections, aiming to strengthen Golkar's position in the elections.

What was the significance of the 'Deklarasi pembentukan Partai Persatuan Pembangunan' and when was it signed?

The 'Deklarasi pembentukan Partai Persatuan Pembangunan' was significant as it marked the formation of the Development Unity Party (P3). It was signed on January 5, 1973, by leaders of Islamic parties, signifying a unification of Islamic political forces.

What was the role of the 'Direktorat Sosial dan Politik' in guiding the fused political parties in Indonesia?

The 'Direktorat Sosial dan Politik' within the Indonesian military and the Ministry of Home Affairs played a role in guiding and controlling the fused political parties, ensuring they did not deviate from the government's intended path.

How did the fusion of political parties affect the original identity and independence of parties like Parkindo and Murba?

The fusion of political parties led to the erosion of the original identity and independence of parties like Parkindo, Murba, and others. They were absorbed into larger parties like PDI, which eventually lost its distinct characteristics and became more aligned with the government's agenda.

What was the Malari incident, and what were its implications for the Soeharto regime?

The Malari incident, also known as the 'Malapetaka 15 Januari', was a major protest and subsequent riots that occurred on January 15, 1974. It involved students and high school students protesting against Japanese investment in Indonesia. The incident highlighted growing dissatisfaction with the Soeharto regime and led to social and political wounds.

What were the restrictions placed on political parties by the government during the New Order era regarding their organizational structure?

During the New Order era, the government proposed that political parties should not establish 'underbow' or satellite organizations. Additionally, there was a proposal to forbid political parties from having branches or extensions below the sub-district (Kecamatan) level, which effectively limited their grassroots organizational capabilities.

How did the government's policies and the Malari incident influence the perception of foreign investment, particularly from Japan, in Indonesia during the 1970s?

The Malari incident, which involved protests against Japanese investment, and the government's policies reflected a complex relationship with foreign investment. While the government sought foreign aid and investment, especially from Japan, to boost the economy, it also faced domestic opposition and criticism, leading to a nuanced perception of foreign investment.