Mengenal Apa itu Rencana Aksi Nasional Penanggulangan Ekstremisme | RAN PE | WGWC | AMAN Indonesia
Summary
TLDRThe video script discusses the historical roots of radicalism in Indonesia, with a focus on resistance movements against Dutch colonialism, driven by jihadist motivations. It highlights key historical wars, the role of the Nahdlatul Ulama's jihad fatwa in 1945, and the evolution of jihad post-independence. The text also explores Indonesia's modern counterterrorism efforts, including laws and national strategies to combat extremism and terrorism, emphasizing democratic principles, human rights, and gender equality. The government involves civil society, including women's organizations, in preventing and addressing violent extremism through inclusive policies and international cooperation.
Takeaways
- ⚔️ Radikalism in Indonesia has historical roots, especially during the Dutch colonial era, with various revolts like the Makassar War, Maluku War, and Aceh War driven by jihad.
- 📜 In 1945, Nahdlatul Ulama issued a fatwa declaring that fighting colonial invaders was a religious obligation (fardhu ain) for all Muslims, and Masyumi reaffirmed this in November 1945.
- 🏛️ After Indonesia's independence, the focus shifted to national goals like public welfare, education, global peace, and social justice, making jihad-based ideologies less relevant.
- 🕌 Indonesia's democratic environment allows for diverse religious ideologies, ranging from progressive to extremist, some of which challenge the nation's founding principles.
- 🛡️ Since 1998, Indonesia has faced serious terrorism threats, with around 2,000 Indonesians joining ISIS in Syria and Iraq in the past 20 years.
- 📊 Indonesia has implemented several anti-terrorism policies, including laws and regulations to combat terrorism and protect investigators, prosecutors, and victims.
- 🤝 The National Action Plan for the Prevention of Violent Extremism (2020-2024) involves collaboration between ministries, government agencies, and civil society.
- 👩⚖️ The plan emphasizes human rights, gender equality, child protection, and public safety, ensuring a democratic approach to countering violent extremism.
- 🌍 International cooperation and partnerships are key pillars in Indonesia’s strategy for combating extremism and terrorism.
- 👩👧 The plan also stresses the inclusion of women and civil society in formulating, implementing, and monitoring anti-extremism measures for greater effectiveness and sustainability.
Q & A
What historical events in Indonesia's past are linked to radicalism?
-Radicalism in Indonesia is linked to several historical events, including the Makassar War (1669), Maluku War (1780-1805), West Sumatra War (1803-1838), Diponegoro War (1825-1830), Banjarmasin War (1859-1863), and the Aceh War (1873-1912). These events were often motivated by jihad against colonial rule.
What was the significance of the Nahdlatul Ulama's jihad fatwa in 1945?
-On October 22, 1945, Nahdlatul Ulama issued a jihad fatwa, declaring that fighting against colonial invaders was a 'fardhu ain' (individual obligation) for all Muslims, regardless of gender or age. This fatwa played a significant role in mobilizing resistance against foreign occupiers.
How did Masyumi's resolution in 1945 relate to Nahdlatul Ulama's fatwa?
-Masyumi reaffirmed Nahdlatul Ulama's jihad fatwa through its own jihad resolution during the Islamic Congress on November 7, 1945. This further solidified the call for jihad against foreign occupiers during Indonesia's fight for independence.
Why is jihad no longer considered suitable after Indonesia's independence?
-After Indonesia gained independence, the focus shifted toward achieving four national goals: general welfare, national education, maintaining world peace, and ensuring social justice. These goals required a peaceful and democratic government, making the concept of jihad as warfare less relevant.
What are some of the main threats Indonesia has faced since the 1998 reform era?
-Since the 1998 reform era, Indonesia has faced serious threats from terrorism, with various extremist groups seeking to replace Pancasila (the state ideology). Around 2,000 Indonesians have become ISIS sympathizers, traveling to Syria and Iraq over the past 20 years.
What laws and regulations has Indonesia implemented to combat terrorism?
-Indonesia has introduced several laws to combat terrorism, including the Anti-Terrorism Law and Government Regulation No. 77 (2019) on preventing terrorism and protecting law enforcement officers. Other regulations include PP 35 (2020) on compensation for victims and Presidential Regulation No. 7 (2021) on the National Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Violent Extremism.
What is the purpose of Indonesia's National Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Violent Extremism (RAN-PE)?
-RAN-PE, established in 2021, aims to increase the protection of citizens' rights and enhance national security by preventing and combating violent extremism. The plan is based on principles such as human rights, good governance, gender equality, and child protection.
What are the three key pillars of the RAN-PE plan?
-RAN-PE is built on three pillars: 1) prevention, which includes readiness, counter-radicalization, and deradicalization, 2) law enforcement, which covers the protection of witnesses and victims, and strengthening national legal frameworks, and 3) partnerships and international cooperation.
How does RAN-PE incorporate gender equality?
-RAN-PE integrates gender equality by ensuring the inclusion of women in the prevention and management of violent extremism. It emphasizes strengthening gender equality programs and incorporates gender indicators in all three pillars of the plan.
What role do civil society organizations play in the implementation of RAN-PE?
-Civil society, including women's organizations, plays a crucial role in implementing RAN-PE. They are involved in prevention, deradicalization, rehabilitation, and reintegration efforts, making these interventions more effective and sustainable.
Outlines
📜 The Historical Roots of Radicalism in Indonesia
This paragraph explores the connection between radicalism and Indonesia's history during the Dutch colonial period. Several rebellions driven by jihad are mentioned, including the Makassar War (1669), the Maluku War (1780-1805), the West Sumatra War (1803-1838), and others. The fatwa of Nahdlatul Ulama on October 22, 1945, calling jihad against colonizers a religious obligation, is highlighted. However, after Indonesia's independence, such calls for jihad were no longer deemed appropriate, as the country’s goals shifted toward public welfare, education, peace, and global justice.
👥 Modern Indonesia’s Fight Against Extremism
This paragraph discusses the rise of terrorism in post-reform Indonesia, with particular emphasis on the involvement of Indonesians in ISIS and the government's response. The paragraph lists various legal and policy measures aimed at preventing and countering extremism, including the enactment of anti-terrorism laws and regulations to protect law enforcement officials. A major initiative was President Joko Widodo's signing of a national action plan (Ran-PE) to combat violent extremism and terrorism from 2020 to 2024, emphasizing public consultation and coordination between government and civil society.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Radicalism
💡Jihad
💡Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
💡Terrorism
💡BNPT (National Counterterrorism Agency)
💡Deradicalization
💡Resolution of Jihad
💡Extremism
💡ISIS Sympathizers
💡Ran-PE (National Action Plan)
Highlights
Radicalism in Indonesia has historical roots, especially during the Dutch colonial period with several wars driven by jihad spirit.
Key resistance movements included the Makassar War (1669), Maluku War (1780-1805), West Sumatra War (1803-1838), Diponegoro War (1825-1830), Banjarmasin War (1859-1863), and the Aceh War (1873-1912).
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) issued a jihad resolution on October 22, 1945, stating that fighting colonial powers is obligatory for all Muslims.
Masyumi reiterated the NU jihad resolution during a congress on November 7, 1945.
After Indonesia's independence, the focus shifted from jihad to national goals, including public welfare, education, and global peace.
As a democratic nation, Indonesia became fertile ground for various religious ideologies, ranging from progressive to extreme.
Since the 1998 Reformasi, Indonesia has faced serious terrorism threats, with around 2,000 Indonesian ISIS sympathizers going to Syria and Iraq.
In response, Indonesia introduced several laws, including Government Regulation No. 77 (2019) and PP 35 (2020) to address terrorism and support victims.
On January 6, 2021, President Joko Widodo signed Presidential Regulation No. 7 (2021) on the national plan for preventing and combating violent extremism.
The National Action Plan (RAN) was created in consultation with the public and civil society between 2017 and 2018.
RAN is a collaborative strategy involving various ministries and institutions, focusing on prevention, law enforcement, and international partnerships.
The plan integrates human rights, the rule of law, gender equality, and child rights as key principles.
A notable aspect is the inclusion of women in efforts to prevent and combat violent extremism through gender equality and empowerment programs.
The RAN Secretariat coordinates the plan’s implementation and evaluation, working with various ministries.
Civil society, including women’s organizations, can actively participate in the prevention and rehabilitation processes, making interventions more effective and sustainable.
Transcripts
Hai radikalisme tidak bisa dilepaskan
dari sejarah Indonesia pada masa
penjajahan Belanda sejumlah perlawanan
yang didorong oleh semangat jihad
diantaranya adalah perang Makassar 1669
1669 perang Maluku 1780 1800 05 perang
Sumatera Barat 1800 03 1838 Perang
Diponegoro 1825-1830 Perang Banjarmasin
1859-1863 perang Aceh 1873 1912 gerakan
radikal dimobilisasi oleh fatwa dan
revolusi jihad dikeluarkan oleh
Nahdlatul Ulama pada tanggal 22 Oktober
145 berbunyi berperang menolak dan
melawan penjajah itu fardhu ain yang
harus dikerjakan oleh tiap-tiap orang
Islam laki-laki perempuan anak-anak
bersenjata atau tidak bagi yang berada
dalam jarak lingkaran 94 km dari tempat
masuk dan kedudukan musuh bagi
orang-orang yang berada di luar jarak
lingkaran tadi kewajiban itu jadi fardhu
kifayah dan cukup kalau dikerjakan
sebagian saja pada 7 November 1945
Majelis Syuro muslimin Indonesia atau
masjumi mengadakan Muktamar umat Islam
dan menghasilkan resolusi jihad PB
Masyumi yang meneguhkan kembali resolusi
jihad NU sebelumnya setelah Indonesia
merdeka jihad serupa tidak lagi dianggap
sesuai karena fokus negara Indonesia ada
pada 4 tujuan yaitu kesejahteraan umum
mencerdaskan
kehidupan bangsa dan ikut melaksanakan
ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan
kemerdekaan perdamaian abadi dan
keadilan sosial ini artinya dibutuhkan
sebuah pemerintahan yang menjalankan
prinsip demokratis penghargaan HAM hak
asasi perempuan hak anak perlindungan
kebebasan berekspresi dan beragama dan
penyediaan layanan publik yang maksimal
Semua ini hanya bisa dicapai dalam
kondisi yang tidak ada perang sebagai
negara yang demokratis Indonesia
memiliki ruang subur untuk bertumbuhnya
ideologi keagamaan yang beragam mulai
dari yang memiliki perspektif progresif
moderat konservatif dan bahkan yang
beraliran ekstrim yang ingin mengganti
Pancasila tidak heran kalau sejak
reformasi 1998 Indonesia menghadapi
ancaman terorisme secara serius di
berbagai kota Badan Nasional
penanggulangan terorisme atau BNPT
akan ada sekitar 2000 warga Indonesia
simpatisan ISIS pergi ke Syria dan Irak
dalam kurun waktu 20 tahun terakhir
tidak heran kalau sejak reformasi 1998
Indonesia menghadapi ancaman terorisme
secara serius di berbagai kota Badan
Nasional penanggulangan terorisme atau
BNPT menyatakan ada sekitar 2000 warga
Indonesia simpatisan ISIS pergi ke
Syiria dan Irak dalam kurun waktu 20
tahun terakhir Indonesia memberikan
perhatian serius pada radikalisme dan
terorisme sejumlah kebijakan sudah
dikeluarkan diantaranya undang-undang
tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana
terorisme peraturan pemerintah nomor 77
tahun 2019 tentang pencegahan tindak
pidana terorisme dan perlindungan
terhadap penyidik penuntut umum Hakim
dan petugas Pemasyarakatan PP 35 tahun
2020 tentang
dan atas PP 7 tahun 2018 tentang
pemberian kompensasi restitusi dan
bantuan kepada saksi dan korban pada 6
Jan 2012 satu Presiden Joko Widodo telah
menandatangani Peraturan Presiden Nomor
7 Tahun 2021 tentang rencana aksi
nasional pencegahan dan penanggulangan
ekstrimisme berbasis kekerasan yang
mengarah pada terorisme pada tahun
2020-2024 ran-pg dibangun dari proses
konsultasi publik yang digagas oleh
pemerintah maupun masyarakat sipil sejak
September 2017-2018 Ran memberikan tiga
terobosan penting dalam kerja-kerja
penanganan ekstrimisme kekerasan
diantaranya adalah satu ranpes sebagai
strategi bersama lintas kementerian dan
lembaga 2ran PM memberikan ruang
inklusif pada masyarakat sipil untuk
terlibat dalam perumusan implementasi
dan monitoring
mp3ran pe100 satunya kebijakan yang
mengenai inklusi perempuan dalam
pencegahan dan penanganan ekstrimisme
Rante bertujuan untuk meningkatkan
perlindungan hak atas rasa aman warga
negara dari ekstrimisme berbasis
kekerasan yang mengarah pada Terorisme
sebagai bagian dari pelaksanaan
kewajiban negara terhadap hak asasi
manusia dalam rangka memelihara
stabilitas keamanan nasional berdasarkan
Pancasila dan undang-undang dasar negara
Republik Indonesia tahun 1945 rantai ini
akan digunakan sebagai satu acuan bagi
Kementerian lembaga dan pemerintah
daerah dalam segala upaya untuk
pencegahan dan penanggulangan
ekstrimisme berbasis kekerasan yang
mengarah pada terorisme dua pengaruh
koordinasi antar kementerian dan lembaga
dalam bersinergi untuk bersama-sama
meningkatkan daya Tangkal menanggulangi
ekstrimisme berbasis
Hai serta mencegah terorisme ranvet
terdiri dari tiga pilar satu pilar
pencegahan yang mencakup kesiapsiagaan
kontra radikalisasi dan deradikalisasi
dua pilar penegakan hukum perlindungan
saksi dan korban dan penguatan kerangka
legislasi nasional tiga pilar kemitraan
dan kerjasama internasional secara
keseluruhan baik dalam proses maupun
pelaksanaannya ranb memperhatikan
prinsip-prinsip satu hak asasi manusia
dua supremasi hukum dan keadilan tiga
pengarusutamaan gender dan pemenuhan hak
anak 4 keamanan dan keselamatan 500
kelola pemerintahan yang baik atau good
governance 6 partisipasi dan pemangku
kepentingan yang majemuk 7 kebhinekaan
dan kearifan lokal Bagaimana
pengarusutamaan gender dalam rantai
dengan memasukkan kesetaraan gender
sebagai salah satu prinsip rampe mau
bisa dipastikan bahwa Pug dijalankan
Dalam rantai dokumen strategis ini tidak
hanya memberikan penekanan pada
pentingnya pelibatan perempuan pada
pencegahan ekstrimisme kekerasan dengan
memperkuat program peningkatan
kesetaraan gender dan pemberdayaan
perempuan TransTV mulai mengintegrasikan
sejumlah indikator gender yang pada
ketiga pilar yang ada siapa pelaksanaan
PP sekretaris bersamaan pea dalah unit
pelaksana Rante yang dibentuk untuk
mengoordinasikan memantau dan
mengevaluasi pelaksanaan rampe di
Kementerian lembaga dan pemerintah
daerah sekretariat bersama terdiri dari
kemenko polhukam kemenkopmk Bappenas
Kemendagri Kementerian Luar Negeri dan
BNPT tugas ekbar satu mengordinasikan
memantau dan mengevaluasi pelaksanaan
rantai di Kementerian atau lembaga dua
mengkompilasi laporan laporan yang
disampaikan oleh Kementerian atau
lembaga dan pemerintah daerah
di dalam pelaksanaan Ran pe3 merumuskan
dan menyiapkan laporan capaian
pelaksanaan dan evaluasi pelaksanaan
rantai setiap enam bulan sekali seperti
yang tertulis dalam pasal 8 yang
berbunyi dalam melaksanakan rampe
Kementerian lembaga dan pemerintah
daerah dapat bekerjasama dan melibatkan
peran serta masyarakat maka secara jelas
dan gamblang bahwa masyarakat sipil
termasuk organisasi perempuan dapat
terlibat dalam pelaksanaan rantai ini
karena peran masyarakat sipil dalam
semua level intervensi baik itu bersifat
pencegahan deradikalisasi rehabilitasi
reintegrasi telah terbukti membuat
intervensi lebih efektif efisien
memiliki dampak yang luas dan berpotensi
keberlanjutan
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