How, When and Where Class 8 Social Science History (Part-1) | What is History | BYJU'S - Class 8
Summary
TLDRIn this engaging social science class, students embark on a journey through history, focusing on the significance of dates and their correlation with historical events. The instructor introduces the 5W1H framework to dissect historical studies, emphasizing the importance of chronology and periodization. The session aims to demystify the study of history, making it more accessible and highlighting its relevance to understanding societal changes over time. The class concludes with a thought-provoking question about the spread of Jainism in India, encouraging students to apply their newfound knowledge.
Takeaways
- 📚 The session introduces an engaging approach to social science history lessons for grade 8, focusing on the 'how, when, and where' of historical study.
- 🤔 The instructor addresses the common challenge of finding history difficult to study and promises to make it more accessible through the lesson.
- 🗓 The chapter 'How, When, and Where' aims to clarify the significance of dates in history and the concept of periodization in the context of Indian history.
- 🏛 It discusses the importance of comparing and contrasting different sources used by historians to understand colonial history.
- 🧩 The 5W1H framework (What, Why, Who, When, Where, How) is introduced as a tool for detailed study and asking the right questions about historical events.
- 👨👧 The example of birth dates is used to illustrate the importance of dates in understanding the sequence of events, which is fundamental to chronology.
- 🌟 The session explains that history is about identifying changes over time, and studying these changes provides a better understanding of the present.
- 📊 The concept of periodization is highlighted as a method for studying history by dividing it into distinct time periods, making it more comprehensible.
- 🏛 The instructor points out that the significance of dates in history is determined by their relevance to people's lives and the perspectives of those recounting the events.
- 👵 The personal history of grandparents, divided into life stages, serves as an analogy for periodization in historical study, emphasizing the importance of understanding sequences and groupings of events.
- 💬 The session concludes with an interactive question about the spread of Jainism in India, encouraging students to apply what they've learned about periodization and the significance of dates in history.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the first history lesson for grade 8?
-The main focus of the first history lesson for grade 8 is to understand the relationship between dates and history, periodization of Indian history, and to learn how to study history better using the 5W1H framework.
What does the 5W1H framework stand for and how does it help in studying history?
-The 5W1H framework stands for the questions: What, Why, Who, When, Where, and How. It helps in studying history by asking these basic questions to understand events in detail and to structure the study of historical events.
Why are dates important in the study of history?
-Dates are important in the study of history because they help establish the sequence of events, allowing us to understand the order in which things happened and the time periods between them.
What is the significance of chronology in history?
-Chronology is the significance of arranging events in the order they occurred. It is crucial in history as it helps in understanding the timeline and the progression of events.
Why should we study history, according to the lesson?
-We should study history to understand the changes that have occurred over time, which provides a better understanding of the world we live in.
How does the perspective of historians affect the importance of certain dates in history?
-The perspective of historians affects the importance of certain dates in history by determining which events are considered significant based on their relevance to people's lives and the historian's viewpoint.
What is periodization and how does it relate to the study of history?
-Periodization is the process of dividing history into distinct time periods. It helps in studying history by organizing events into manageable segments that can be analyzed and compared.
Can you provide an example of how periodization is used in the script?
-In the script, the example of periodization is given by how grandparents would describe their life, dividing it into childhood, teenage years, middle age, and old age, which helps in understanding the sequence and changes over time.
What is the role of dates in studying the history of cultural practices like the use of chai or wheels?
-While exact dates may not be available for the history of cultural practices like chai or wheels, periodization allows us to study these histories by focusing on the time periods during which these practices were adopted and evolved.
How does the script suggest we determine the importance of dates in history?
-The script suggests that the importance of dates in history is determined by the relevance of the event to people's lives and the perspective of those discussing the events.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to History Learning
The speaker begins by welcoming the audience to a social science class for grade 8, expressing excitement about starting a history lesson. They acknowledge the common struggle students face with history and introduce the chapter 'How, When, and Where' as a tool to understand the relationship between dates and historical events. The chapter aims to clarify the periodization of Indian history and compare different sources for colonial history. The speaker outlines the 5W1H framework as a method to study history in detail by asking basic questions: What, Why, Who, How, Where, and When. They apply this framework to the chapter, starting with the question 'What is history?' and explaining the importance of dates in historical study.
🗓 Understanding the Importance of Dates in History
The speaker uses the example of birth dates to illustrate the significance of dates in understanding history. They explain that dates help establish the sequence of events, a process known as chronology. The difference between dates indicates a time period, which is essential for studying history. The speaker emphasizes that while dates are crucial, not all historical events have precise dates, and historians often study events by examining the time periods in which they occurred. They also discuss how the importance of a date in history is determined by its relevance to people's lives and the perspectives of those discussing the events.
🧐 The Role of Perspective in Historical Dates
The speaker delves into how the significance of dates in history is influenced by the perspectives of historians. They use the example of British historians in India, who focused on the rule of governor generals, marking their lives as the chronology of British India's history. This highlights how the importance of dates is subjective and depends on the relevance of events to the people and the perspectives of those recording history. The speaker also touches on the idea that while dates are important, the study of history often requires looking at broader time periods to understand the evolution of events.
🔍 Studying History Through Periodization
The speaker concludes the session by discussing the methodology of studying history, specifically through periodization. They use the analogy of a person's life stages (childhood, teenage years, middle age, and old age) to explain how history can be divided into distinct time periods. This method helps in understanding the sequence of events and grouping them based on commonalities within each period. The speaker summarizes the key points of the session: the definition of history, the importance of studying it, and the method of periodization for better comprehension. They end with a question about the spread of Jainism in India, inviting audience participation, and remind viewers to engage with the content through comments and subscriptions.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡History
💡Chronology
💡Periodization
💡5W1H Framework
💡Colonial History
💡Relevance
💡Perspective
💡Methodology
💡Changes Over Time
💡Importance of Dates
Highlights
Introduction to the first history lesson for grade 8 focusing on 'how, when, and where'.
Discussion on the common difficulty students face in studying history and an introduction to a method to improve history learning.
Explanation of the importance of dates in understanding history.
Introduction to the concept of periodization in Indian history.
The 5W1H framework as a tool for studying history in detail.
Defining history as the study of changes over time.
The significance of studying history to understand the world better.
The importance of dates in historical events and their relevance to people's lives.
The concept of chronology and its role in arranging events in history.
The role of perspective in determining the importance of dates in history.
The British historian's perspective on the importance of dates related to the rule of governor generals in India.
The methodology of studying history through periodization.
The example of grandparents' life stories to illustrate the concept of periodization.
Recap of the key points learned in the session about history and its study.
Engagement with the audience through a question about the spread of Jainism in India.
Invitation for comments and questions from the audience to foster interaction.
Promotion of the BYJU'S 628 channel for more educational content.
Transcripts
hello everyone how are all of you doing
welcome to yet another exciting session
of by juice social science classes now
today i'm very excited because we are
going to start with our first history
lesson for grade 8 which is
how when and where now
before i actually get into this
particular chapter let me ask you a
question
are you one of those people who usually
finds it very difficult to study history
you know i think i already know the
answer to this question during my live
sessions i have so many people telling
me mom we find history so difficult it's
so difficult to study
well
don't worry because with the help of
this particular lesson we will learn
how to learn history in a much better
way so
the chapter how when and where will
first help us understand the
relationship between dates and history
and we know the dates are very important
for history
this chapter will also help us to
understand or comprehend the
periodization of indian history now in
just in case this sounds very complex do
not worry about that because we're going
to be explaining it later and you will
understand it right
not just that this particular chapter
will also help us to compare and
contrast different sources used by
historians to study the colonial history
of india now isn't this great we're
going to be doing so much in this
chapter we're actually going to learn
how to study history better
so
today in this first part of how when and
where
we will be studying
what is history
we will be understanding why we should
study history and what will happen if we
do not study it we will also be looking
at how we study history and understand
if there is any methodology to be
followed for better understanding or
comprehension right
now
i'm very excited about this next part to
tell you this because
one of the best ways to study this
particular lesson or chapter is through
the
5w1h framework
okay i've obviously created a lot of
drama for this but do you know
i mean do you know what what the 5wh
framework is after all of this drama
that i did so let me tell you
this 5w1h framework basically asks us
very basic questions like
what
why
who
how
where and when so basic right
but do you know what is the use of this
particular framework well this
particular framework will help us to
study anything in detail by asking the
right questions now isn't that really
helpful so let's understand how this
works
now let me apply this particular
framework that i've spoken to about to
our chapter that we have to study so in
terms of the first question that we had
basic question which is what we will ask
ourselves
what is history
then the second question is why so we
will ask ourselves
why should we study history and what
will happen if we do not study it
then the third question is how so we
will say
how do we study history and is there any
methodology that is to be followed then
the fourth is who so we will say
who has written history then the fifth
question is when so we will say when did
history occur
is there any time period that we should
be focusing on and then the final
question is where do we study history
from
right so if you understand it there are
five w's and one h that's why it's
called the five w one each framework
okay
now the first question that we will
explore is what so we will explore what
is history let's find the answer to this
question together together okay now let
me ask you a question when is your
birthday
basic question everybody knows the
answer to that right so you would
probably think of one particular date so
i'll just put some date down okay
supposing you say your birthday is 19th
august 1990
for example right you gave me a date
that is the date of your birth date
now
similarly if i ask you when is your
father's birthday what will you say you
will give me his birthday right you will
say some date so for example again i'm
just randomly writing something you
might say it's 21st june
1978
right
now if you understand there are two
events that we are talking about here
number one is your birthday
correct
and number two is your father's birthday
right now we can easily see that your
father was born before you how do we
know that because
1978 comes before 1990 so you know he's
born before you right
so
without these dates others which means
other people will not know when you or
your father born so dates are so
important you understand and in fact
this is why you have a special column
set aside for date of birth for most
important documents that we have like a
marks card or
card driving license passport i mean
most of our documents have it right
okay i think you're probably wondering
why am i saying all these things
well that is because i want to tell you
the importance of dates and how they are
related to the entire subject of history
they are very very important okay
okay now i know that you're probably
thinking but
what does if history have to do with
your and your father's birth date right
i mean how are these things related well
no worries we will find the answer to
this soon also
okay let's talk about our example
from the above example we understood
that dates tell you the order in which
events occur which means like in terms
of your birth dates your father's
birthday came before your birthday right
he was born before so
the process of arranging these events in
the order that they occurred is called
chronology
the fact that your father's birthday
came before you first your father's
birthday happened then
then your birthday happened right
now
once you know the dates uh and in this
case dates and years you can then go
ahead and find the relationship between
the events that occurred on those
particular dates and the difference
between these dates in in this case
birth dates can be called a time period
or a period of time so we're talking
about the period of time or the time
period between your father's birthday
and your birthday right
and
in this time period there would have
been so many changes that would have
occurred right
and
finding these changes that have occurred
over a period of time or over a time
period is called
history isn't that really cool so we've
answered our first question as to
what is history now
let us move ahead and talk about our
second question which is
why should we study history and what
will happen if we do not study history
so tell me what will happen if we do not
study history
well if we do not study history
we will not know the changes that have
occurred over time changes such as um
how societies or systems of technologies
uh whatever these things are how they
were earlier and how they are now
and knowing these changes will give us a
much better understanding of the world
that we live in right so it's so
important to study these changes
but wait this brings me to a question
is history only about changes
i mean how important are dates to study
in history what do you think
well dates are very important and many
historians in the past believe so too
and that is because history was always
associated with an account of big events
like uh battles for example for which we
do have precise dates for example we
know that atomic bombs were dropped over
the japanese cities of hiroshima and
nagasaki on 6th august 1945 and 9th
august 1945 respectively so we have the
actual date right and this is an
important event then another important
date that would come to my mind is india
becoming a republic on 26 january 1950
again a very important event so you see
whenever we talk about an important
historical event then in that case dates
become really really important right
okay now dates are very important we
know that but now take a look at these
pictures over here
supposing i ask you to tell me
when did indians start using chai for
the first time or when they when did
they start using wheels can you give me
an exact date
no you may not be able to give me the
exact date because
indians started using these things over
a period of time so
one single date cannot be attributed to
these events right so this means that
you are trying to find the history of
chai or the history of wheels
but you may not be able to provide a
specific date as to when these
particular events occurred but does that
mean that we cannot find the history of
these things
no the answer is no we still can find it
by studying the time period in which
indians started using these things
so
even though history is synonymous
synonymous with
dates these are very very important we
will at times need
periods of times or
time periods
so that we are able to understand
history better right now let's come back
to dates
we know that dates are important and
there are so many dates in history like
for example
you had the quit india movement uh in
august 1942 you had the storming of the
bastille on 14th july 1789. you know
that the first world war was between
1914 to 1918.
but
how who who decides
what dates are important in history and
how exactly
okay let's understand this so the
importance of a date is decided based on
two factors
right what are these two factors the
first factor is
number one the relevance of that
particular event to the lives of the
people and number two the second factor
is the perspective of the people who are
talking about these events okay let me
explain this with an example
now in the histories written by british
historians in india
the rule of each governor general was
considered very important and these
histories began with the rule of the
first governor general who was warren
hastings and ended with the last viceroy
which was lord mountbatten and in
separate chapters of our history
textbook we have read all about the
deeds of these different governor
generals right from hastings to
dalhousie to canon to l'oreal so many
right i mean in fact it was this
never-ending succession of governor
generals that we had to actually study
about governor generals and vice versa
for that matter now
all the dates in these history books
were linked to their perspectives i mean
i'm talking about the governor-generals
right their perspectives their
activities the policies that they framed
as well as their achievements it was as
if there was nothing outside their lives
that was important for us to know
and the chronology of their lives marked
the different chapters of the history of
british india right this was the first
one this was the second one this was the
third one so
the lives of these governor generals
became important to indian history as we
were obviously ruled by the britishers
and for them the rule of their governor
generals and their perspectives were
relevant you see so these are the two
factors that actually play a part
right in terms of dates and what is
really important
now
so far we have dealt with what is
history
we've gone ahead and spoken about why do
we need to study his history
right
now let us move on to our third question
in our framework which is how do we
study history and is there any
methodology that needs to be followed to
study history but why is this so
important to understand how we should
study history
well it is really important if you think
about it because after learning the
importance of a topic or concept it is
very necessary to know
how to learn that topic or concept right
so let us now understand how to study
history but before i get into how to
study a study history let me ask you a
question
think about
how your grandparents would describe
their life to you so far
think about it like what would they say
if you go and ask them they would
definitely be talking about their
childhood they would be talking about
their teenage years they would be
talking about their middle age and they
would be talking about old age most
probably right so in the middle years
they would probably talk about their
marriage their kids their job and lastly
what happens in their old age right as
and what are they doing now
so if you observe closely i actually
asked you to find out
the history
of your grandparents from their
perspective right
isn't that so cool
this is because history is about tracing
changes so in the answer that they gave
they would talk about how things were
once upon a time and how they have
evolved over time right oh this used to
happen when we were children and now it
is like this right so if you observe
their answers you will find that your
grandparents have demarcated their life
events into four distinct periods right
time periods which is
childhood teenage years
middle age and old age
right
now coming back to our topic
one advantage of this distinction is
that it helps us to understand the
sequence or the order in which various
events took place right like this
happened in childhood this happened in
teenage this happened in middle years
and this happened in old age and also
because each division will have certain
common things it makes it easier to
group and study these different time
periods together so for example certain
things will be common between childhood
some will be common between teenage
years some things will be grouped
together for middle age and some things
will be grouped together for old age so
if you think about it similarly
we spoke about the history of our
grandparents but basically if you think
about it any history can be divided into
different time periods and this process
of identifying the different time
periods is called
periodization
for example
your grandparents periodize their life
history while answering your question
into these different time periods right
so now we have received our answer to
our question of how do we study history
we study history through
periodization
and i think we've done a lot for one
session so i think we should come to the
end of today's episode but let's quickly
have a recap of what we learned today so
that we do not forget it today we
learned
what is history right we spoke about
history being the changes that occur
over time we spoke about why we should
study history because we want to see
what has happened over time right and we
basically understood that if we do not
study history then what will happen we
won't know the changes that have
occurred and we will not be able to
understand our world in a better way we
also looked into
how to study history and understand if
there is any particular methodology that
has to be followed for better
understanding or comprehension which was
basically periodization right now this
is the end of today's chapter but before
i go i have a quick question for you as
always
can you tell me if there is a precise
date for the spread of jainism in india
what do you think
let me know your answers in the comment
section below i will eagerly be waiting
for them
any doubts that you have about this
chapter also please uh drop your
comments in the comment section below
and we will try our best to answer this
for you and
definitely view all our sessions on the
buyers 628 channel we have a lot of
sessions here for you as always so do
not forget to
like share and subscribe to our channel
i'm going to see you really really soon
for the next session alright bye bye
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