🥇 PLANOS Y EJES CORPORALES en Anatomía. ¡Fácil, Rápido y Sencillo!

Summary

Este video de anatomía, presentado por Juan José Sánchez, se centra en los ejes y planos corporales fundamentales en la anatomía humana. Explicado de forma clara y detallada, el video ayuda a los estudiantes a diferenciar entre los tres ejes y planos, ilustrando cómo se relacionan entre sí y sus correspondientes movimientos. A través de ejemplos visuales y explicaciones sencillas, el profesor guía a los estudiantes para que comprendan mejor estos conceptos básicos, cruciales para el estudio de la anatomía.

Takeaways

• 🎥 El video es una reintroducción a los ejes y planos anatómicos, un tema básico que a menudo confunden los estudiantes.
• 🗓️ El contenido original del video fue grabado en mayo de 2018 y se rehizo para mejorar la calidad del audio y enriquecer la explicación con conocimientos adquiridos en cuatro años.
• ✂️ Los planos anatómicos se refieren a secciones imaginarias que cortan el cuerpo, y existen tres planos principales que son perpendiculares entre sí: sagital, frontal y axial.
• 🔄 El plano sagital se corta de anteroposterior, dejando dos mitades, derecha e izquierda, llamadas antimeros.
• 📏 El plano frontal o coronal se corta de lado a lado, creando dos mitades, delantero y posterior, llamadas pachimeros.
• 🔄 El plano axial o transversal se corta de arriba abajo, creando dos mitades, superior e inferior, llamadas metameros.
• 🧭 Los ejes son líneas imaginarias a lo largo de las cuales se pueden realizar movimientos, y también existen tres ejes principales que son perpendiculares entre sí: anteroposterior, lateral y longitudinal.
• 🔄 El eje anteroposterior permite movimientos de abducción y aducción, y está relacionado con el plano coronal.
• 🔄 El eje lateral o laterolateral permite movimientos de flexión y extensión, y está relacionado con el plano sagital.
• 🔄 El eje longitudinal permite movimientos de rotación interna y externa, y está relacionado con el plano transversal.
• 🔗 La relación entre ejes y planos es directa: el movimiento que se realiza en un eje determinado también se realiza en el plano que este eje cruza.

Q & A

¿Qué es lo que el profesor Sánchez destaca como el primer video que grabó para YouTube?

El primer video que el profesor Sánchez grabó para YouTube fue sobre los ejes y planos en anatomía, grabado en mayo de 2018.

¿Por qué decidió Juan José Sánchez rehacer el video sobre ejes y planos en anatomía?

Decidió rehacer el video debido a los problemas de audio en la versión original y para mejorar la explicación con el conocimiento adquirido en los cuatro años transcurridos.

¿Cuáles son los tres planos básicos en anatomía según el video?

Los tres planos básicos en anatomía son el sagital, el frontal o coronal y el axial o transversal.

¿Cómo se relacionan los tres planos en términos de orientación espacial?

Los tres planos están interperpendiculares, es decir, se cortan entre sí formando ángulos de 90 grados.

¿Qué se llama a la mitad derecha y mitad izquierda resultante de una sección en el plano sagital?

Las mitades resultantes de una sección en el plano sagital se llaman antimeros, y siempre son derecha-izquierda.

¿Cómo se llama a la sección que divide al cuerpo en partes anteriores y posteriores?

La sección que divide al cuerpo en partes anteriores y posteriores se llama plano frontal o coronal.

¿Qué se denomina a las mitades resultantes de una sección en el plano frontal o coronal?

Las mitades resultantes de una sección en el plano frontal o coronal se llaman pachímeros, y pueden ser anterior o posterior.

¿Cuáles son los tres ejes básicos en anatomía y cómo se relacionan con los movimientos del cuerpo?

Los tres ejes básicos son el anteroposterior, el laterolateral y el longitudinal. Cada eje está relacionado con un tipo de movimiento: flexión y extensión para el laterolateral, abducción y aducción para el anteroposterior, y rotación interna y externa para el longitudinal.

¿Cómo se relaciona el eje anteroposterior con el plano que lo cruza?

El eje anteroposterior está relacionado con el plano frontal o coronal, ya que es el único plano que puede ser cruzado por un eje de este tipo sin problemas.

¿Qué tipo de movimiento se realiza en el plano sagital y cómo se relaciona con su eje correspondiente?

En el plano sagital se realizan movimientos de flexión y extensión, que corresponden al movimiento que se puede realizar sobre el eje laterolateral que lo cruza.

¿Cómo se relaciona el eje longitudinal con el plano transversal y qué tipo de movimiento se realiza allí?

El eje longitudinal se relaciona con el plano transversal, y el único tipo de movimiento que se puede realizar es la rotación interna y externa.

¿Por qué es importante diferenciar entre los ejes y los planos en anatomía?

Es importante diferenciar entre los ejes y los planos porque cada uno tiene una función y relación espacial única dentro del cuerpo humano, y esta distinción es fundamental para entender los movimientos y la orientación en el estudio de la anatomía.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introducción a los ejes y planos anatómicos

El primer párrafo presenta un video educativo sobre anatomía, específicamente sobre los ejes y planos del cuerpo humano, por Juan José Sánchez. Se menciona que este es un remake de un video originalmente grabado en mayo de 2018 debido a problemas de audio. El contenido busca aclarar conceptos básicos que a menudo confunden los estudiantes, como la diferencia entre ejes y planos. Se enfatiza la importancia de entender estos conceptos para el estudio de la anatomía, y se promete una explicación más rica y actualizada en este remake.

05:07

🔪 Los planos anatómicos y sus cortes

El segundo párrafo se enfoca en los tres planos anatómicos: sagital, frontal y axial. Se describe cómo se realizan cortes en el cuerpo humano para visualizar estos planos y se aclara que estos planos se cortan perpendicularmente entre sí, formando ángulos de 90 grados. Se detalla el significado de los cortes en cada plano, como el corte anteroposterior en el plano sagital que deja dos mitades, el corte de derecha a izquierda en el plano frontal y el corte de arriba abajo en el plano axial, y se explica el términos 'antimer', 'pachymer' y 'metamer' asociados a los cortes en estos planos.

10:12

🧭 Los ejes del movimiento anatómico

En el tercer párrafo, se introducen los tres ejes de movimiento anatómico: anteroposterior, laterolateral y longitudinal. Se describe cómo se imaginan estos ejes como varillas que atraviesan el cuerpo, permitiendo diferentes tipos de movimientos. Se enfatiza la diferencia entre los ejes y los planos, y se explica que los ejes son estructuras sobre las cuales se realizan movimientos imaginarios. Se ilustra cómo cada eje está perpendicular a los otros y se relaciona con un plano específico, estableciendo una correlación fija entre un eje y su plano correspondiente.

15:16

🤸‍♂️ Movimientos asociados a los ejes y planos

El cuarto y último párrafo culmina con la explicación de los movimientos que se关联 a los ejes y planos anatómicos. Se describe cómo el conocimiento de los movimientos en los ejes corresponde directamente a los movimientos en los planos, ya que cada plano se asocia con un eje específico. Se detallan los movimientos de flexión y extensión en el eje laterolateral y el plano sagital, la abducción y aducción en el eje anteroposterior y el plano coronal, y la rotación interna y externa en el eje longitudinal y el plano transversal. El video concluye con una invitación a suscribirse al canal y seguir al instructor en Instagram para más contenido anatómico.

Keywords

💡Anatomía

Anatomía se refiere a la ciencia que estudia la estructura y la organización de los seres vivos, particularmente del ser humano. En el video, el tema central es la anatomía, y se discuten conceptos básicos como los ejes y los planos corporales, que son fundamentales para entender cómo se articulan y se mueven las partes del cuerpo.

💡Ejes corporales

Los ejes corporales son imaginarios lineamientos a través de los cuales se pueden realizar movimientos en el cuerpo. En el video, se explica que hay tres ejes principales: anteroposterior, lateral y longitudinal, y cada uno está asociado con un tipo específico de movimiento que se puede realizar sobre él.

💡Planos corporales

Los planos corporales son secciones imaginarias que se hacen a través del cuerpo para estudiar su estructura. En el video, se mencionan tres planos: sagital, frontal y axial, que son perpendiculares entre sí y definen cómo se pueden cortar o visualizar el cuerpo para su estudio.

💡Flexión y extensión

Flexión y extensión son dos tipos de movimientos que se realizan en el eje lateral. En el video, se ilustra cómo estos movimientos son posibles cuando se atraviesa el cuerpo por un eje que va de un lado a otro, como en el caso de la muñeca o la rodilla.

💡Abducción y aducción

La abducción es el movimiento que aleja una parte del cuerpo del eje central, mientras que la aducción es el movimiento que la acerca. En el video, se asocian estos movimientos con el eje anteroposterior, que atraviesa el cuerpo de frente a atrás.

💡Rotación interna y externa

La rotación interna y externa son movimientos que implican la vuelta de una parte del cuerpo alrededor de un eje. En el video, se describe cómo estos movimientos son asociados con el eje longitudinal, que se extiende a lo largo del cuerpo.

💡Anteroposterior

Anteroposterior se refiere a la dirección de delante hacia atrás o viceversa. En el video, este término se utiliza para describir tanto el eje anteroposterior como el plano sagital, que se corta en esta dirección.

💡Lateral

Lateral hace referencia a la dirección de un lado a otro del cuerpo. En el video, el eje lateral se asocia con la capacidad de realizar movimientos de flexión y extensión, y el plano frontal o coronal se corta perpendicularmente a este eje.

💡Longitudinal

Longitudinal indica la dirección que sigue la extensión del cuerpo, de cabeza a pies. En el video, el eje longitudinal permite realizar movimientos de rotación interna y externa y está asociado con el plano transversal o axial.

💡Antimer

Antimer se refiere a las partes opuestas del cuerpo que resultan de un corte en el plano sagital. En el video, se menciona que los antímeros siempre son derecha-izquierda y son el resultado de cortes realizados en el plano sagital.

💡Pachímeros

Pachímeros son las partes delanteras y posteriores que resultan de un corte en el plano frontal o coronal. En el video, se describe cómo estos términos se usan para describir las secciones que quedan después de realizar un corte en esta dirección.

💡Metamer

Metamer se refiere a las partes superiores e inferiores que resultan de un corte realizado en el plano axial. En el video, se asocia este término con las secciones que quedan después de un corte transversal en cualquier parte del cuerpo.

Highlights

El video es especial porque es el primero grabado por Juan José Sánchez en mayo de 2018.

El tema trata sobre ejes y planos en anatomía, aspectos básicos que a menudo confunden los estudiantes.

Se destaca la necesidad de diferenciar claramente entre ejes y planos, ya que son conceptos distintos.

Se describe el concepto de plano como una sección imaginaria del cuerpo humano, perpendicular a otros planos.

El plano sagital se define como una sección en dirección anteroposterior, dejando dos mitades, la derecha e izquierda.

El plano frontal o coronal se caracteriza por ser una sección de derecha a izquierda, dejando dos mitades, la delantera y la posterior.

El plano axial o transversal separa al cuerpo en superior e inferior, llamado metamero.

Los ejes son estructuras imaginarias para el movimiento, diferenciadas de los planos que son cortes.

El eje anteroposterior permite movimientos de abducción y aducción.

El eje laterolateral o transversal permite movimientos de flexión y extensión.

El eje longitudinal permite movimientos de rotación interna y externa.

Se establece la relación inseparable entre cada plano y su eje correspondiente.

El movimiento en el plano es el mismo que el realizado en el eje que lo cruza.

Se ofrece un truco para aprender los movimientos: aprender los de los ejes y aplicarlos a los planos correspondientes.

El video incluye ejemplos visuales de cortes en planos y ejes para facilitar la comprensión.

Se anima a los estudiantes a suscribirse al canal y a dejar comentarios para futuras mejoras del contenido.

El video concluye con una invitación a ver otro video sobre terminología de movimientos para una comprensión más profunda.

Se menciona el Instagram del creador del canal para seguir aprendiendo y recibir contenido adicional.

Transcripts

Hello hello my dear anatomy students, how are you? Welcome to another new

anatomical video on this channel: easy anatomy by Juan José Sánchez. Today I bring you a very

special video because it is the first video that I had recorded on YouTube, we are talking about May

2018. This video is about the axes and body planes in anatomy and let's say that it is

something basic, knowing what the axes, what are the planes, what are the movements that I can

make on the axis and the plane and how does it relate an axis and a plane, first of all, it is something that

students confuse a lot. So since it was the first video I recorded on YouTube,

the audio was really very bad because at that time I didn't have good material to edit,

I didn't have a good computer and all those things and that's why now four years later I decided to remake

the video, since Basically the structure is the same, but the video had problems when

viewing due to the terrible audio it had. So this is practically the same video,

but with improved audio and with an explanation of course much richer from the point of

view of knowledge, since I was immersed in anatomy during all these four years and

surely I have more things to contribute to you than the that I contribute to you in the first video. So well,

without anything else to add, the first thing you have to know is to differentiate a plane and an axis,

that is basic in anatomy, the main mistake let's say that students have

is that they confuse axes with planes and they are totally, totally different, okay?

When we talk about plans, which we are going to start by first talking about plans, you have to imagine

a cut, okay? It is a way of me cutting the human body, imagine a blade as I tell

the students, a very large blade, that has a guillotine that is capable of slicing me,

that is capable of cutting a structure of the human body. However, the plans are not always

going to cut, simply if I see for example; to a person from the front and I can say that

I am seeing it in a frontal plane, without having to cut it, but any cut that I

make that is parallel to the one I see from the front I say, for example; I'm seeing this from a

frontal plane, okay? So, there are three axes and there are three planes, in fact the confusion comes because

there are three and three and that is why they begin to mix it up. When we talk about planes, let's imagine a cut,

we are going to have just three planes, something in particular that the three planes have is that they

are all perpendicular to each other. What does this mean? that the three planes when they intersect form

90 degree angles, that is the first thing you have to know. The sagittal plane, which is the first one

I am going to talk about, is the cut that I make in an anteroposterior direction, that is, I do it from

front to back, I can cut the blue stripe like this in the midline, but I can cut

a little bit more to the side, a little bit more to the side, a little bit more to the side, as long as

the cut goes from back to front, the cut I say is a sagittal plane,

okay? This is what happens when we cut in a sagittal plane, which by the way

is called that because let's say when you cut in the middle you pass along the entire sagittal suture,

when I cut a sagittal plane I automatically have two halves left, of course the halves

will not always be the same, I may have a larger one on the right side than on the left side,

but it will always be a right and a left because the direction of the cut will leave me with a

half on the right and one on the left It's not that it's going to leave me one behind and one in front,

or one above and one below, no, the cuts in the sagittal plane always leave me with the right side and the left side

, that is, half right and half left and we call that antimer. . So when we

refer to antimer, the antimers can always be right-left, there is no other possibility

of antimer they will always be right-left and they are always due to cuts in the sagittal plane,

okay? The next plane that I am going to talk to you about is the frontal plane, this frontal plane will

often be called the coronal plane, I call it frontal because it is the one that

I see in front and I also call it coronal because this cut follows more or less the axis,

Let's say the line of the coronal suture, remember that the coronal suture is a suture that we have in

the skull that goes from right to left, so that the cuts in the frontal plane always go from

right to left, I'm talking about the cuts, not the halves. but of the cut, that is, you are going to put a

knife here to cut and you are going to put it from right to left, you can cut the tip of the

nose, you can cut a little further back, a little further back in the entire center , much further back

at the occipital level, but whenever the cut goes in this direction we say that it is a cut in

a frontal and coronal plane, in fact you see how the sagittal intersects with the coronal plane and you realize

what I told you At first, they form a cross between them that are 90

degree angles, that is, they are perpendicular. So, whenever I cut in a frontal plane I will

have two halves left, but this time the halves will be left with one behind and one in front, these halves,

which do not have to be the same, I repeat, they are going to be called pachymers. , so that

the pachymers are always: either anterior pachymer or posterior pachymer, ok? and they are always due to a

cut made in a frontal plane or coronal plane, I am left with posterior pachymer and anterior pachymer,

there is no other possibility of pachymer. Okay? then see the difference in antimers and the

difference in pachymers. The third and last plane that we are going to talk about is the axial plane,

this axial plane is also called transverse plane or transverse plane, okay? It is what

we call the chop cut, the one that you see they do to a chop when they slice the bondiola or

the pork, the suckling pig. So, this cut in an axial plane will also be perpendicular

to the other two, because when I put there to measure the angle I am going to measure my 90 degrees,

so this cut in an axial plane is a cut that will separate the body in

two pieces or two halves, of course as I tell you: I can cut the head axially,

I can cut, in the neck, in the thorax, in the abdomen, in the entire center as they say,

but it is not always going to be be in the center. So the halves that I have left are going to be:

a half that is on top and one that is on the bottom and we call that a metamer,

so that the only possibility for the metamers is that they are superior and inferior, the metamers

are the halves that remain after the cut and then there is no other possibility of metamers,

only upper and lower and they will always be due to a cut in an axial plane. It's

a plane, see that most of the cases are cuts, okay? We are not talking about structures

that cross as such, as we are going to see what the axes are, which have to do with the movements,

these are simply cuts, they are ways that I will cut the human body to be able to study it

or a way to see if I For example; I see the person I am studying, the corpse or whatever

from the side, I say that I am seeing it with a sagittal plane because I am seeing it from the side,

if they see it from the front they have a frontal plane and if I see it from below to Above I can say that

I am seeing it in a coronal plane. So we can play a lot with this term, okay, let's talk

then from the examples, see, for example, this is a cut in a sagittal plane, see that

it is a cut that comes from back to front, I have a right half left for example Well, the

one I'm looking at and the left half, well, the artist didn't show it to me, then look at this

cut for example; a cut in a sagittal plane that we see a cut in a frontal plane, because

I am cutting it from the front and I am looking at it from the front so I can see the relationship, the cut

comes from right to left, okay? This is another example of a cut in a frontal plane, notice

the way they cut the ribs and how we are seeing this region of the thorax. And

finally this is a cut in the transverse plane, see what they sliced, this is anterior, this

is the abdomen and there is the back that is surely resting on a table, okay? This, for

example, is another cut in a transverse or transverse clearing that was made to the upper limb,

they are different ways of studying anatomy. So we already know what a plane is, let's

Now see what an axis is, but first don't take off from the video [Music] It is very important

that you subscribe to the channel below where you see that it says subscribe, you click on it and you are

subscribed to the more than 310 anatomical videos that there are in it and we continue making videos,

if there is any that you don't get on the channel, write it to me in the comments as I always took them

into account when making the following videos. We are left talking about the axes, which are

also three, which are not flat, okay? We have to differentiate the axes from the planes, it is basic

literature that they call axes differently, I am going to tell you as we go

along, for axes we have to imagine a structure on which another moves, that It is

an axis: a structure on which another moves. The plane was a cut, the axis probably already implies

a movement, so we are going to imagine the axes as a rod that is

going through, like I can grab a rod, a rod, whatever, a stick and I can go

through the person from back to front, of course in an imaginary way, for what? So that through

that rod, that's like when I put a chicken on the grill and make it spin, through that

rod I move the human body, okay? the axes are simply structures for imaginary movements,

of course. The first axis is the anteroposterior axis. I think that the names of the axes

are easier to learn this way, since the name itself is telling you that it is every rod that

I pass through, of course these axes are in the joints, which we generally talk about. of rods

that cross joints, then these anteroposterior axes are a rod that crosses

from posterior to anterior or from anterior to posterior as you want to call it, but the axis is

called: anteroposterior axis, I can cross it in any joint of the human body and that's it

It's going to define how we're going to see it now, the type of movement that the joint is going to have,

okay? See that we are talking about movement, because axis implies movement. Then we have the

laterolateral axis, okay? The laterolateral axis is that rod that I cross in a joint

that comes from one side to the other, I can cross it in the forearm, in the wrist, in the elbow, in the shoulder,

in the neck, in the head, wherever but As long as it is from right to left or

from left to right, from one side to the other we say that a laterolateral axis is moving, see

that the axes are also perpendicular to each other, okay? They are axes that will measure 90 degrees wherever

you put them. Then the third and last axis, which is the one I put here in black, is the axis that

runs along any body structure. We call this axis the longitudinal axis, which

I can put inside the upper limb, along the upper limb, just as it passes through the

head and comes out between the legs, that is still a longitudinal axis, which means an axis that runs

along , the word longitudinal means ''along'', so see that this longitudinal axis

would also form 90 degree angles with the other axes, it is like distributing them spatially

to the person, this is what we refer to as axis. Now maybe you are not seeing the importance,

when I explain the movements on the axes they will understand why it is important

to know the axes. See here, in the spatial point of view, see the anteroposterior with the

two arrows from anterior, see how it goes posteriorly, see the laterolateral in green that

would correspond to this, see from one side to the other and the longitudinal axis, see how it crosses the structure

through the long and good thing, maybe with this geometric figure you will understand it a little more. Very good

. How do we relate an axis to a plane? Look, this is basic to know the movements later,

remember that the planes were three different things and the axes are three other different things,

but the axes are related to the plane, so how I explain to the students

if I have three axes and three planes I join them together and it is a marriage that does not accept,

let's say infidelity, each axis corresponds to a plane, once I join them that is an

inseparable unit, the two of them will always be related. How do we know which is which? very easy,

If you are clear about what the planes are and you are clear about what the axes are, you will understand

this explanation very well, see this example; This axis comes from front to

back, it would be the anteroposterior axis. If I have to ask you which of the three

spatial planes the anteroposterior axis is related to, you logically have to tell me that it is

related to the plane that is crossed by it. that it be crossed perpendicularly,

if for example I grab the axial plane, which is this one, it is very difficult to cross it with a stick in an

anteroposterior direction, almost impossible in fact, if I grab the sagittal axis, the

sagittal plane, sorry, which is This, of course, from anterior to posterior, is going to be very difficult for me to cross,

so the only plane that I see as possible for the anteroposterior axis to cross from front to

back without any problem is the frontal or coronal plane, because the plane opposes

completely to the path of the axis and it is like if I grabbed a leaf and crossed it with a pencil,

I will only be able to cross it if the leaf is arranged in a frontal plane, so that the

anteroposterior axis is married, it is a unit with the The frontal plane is the only plane that is

crossed by the anteroposterior axis and this same formula is applied to the other three planes,

to the other two planes. I present the following example, we have the laterolateral axis. Who

can cross me perpendicularly without any problem? Of course, the laterolateral axis,

firstly, to the frontal plane, will not be possible because when I see it, it is impossible for me to cross this

plane with this rod because they both go almost in the same direction, secondly, because I already explained to you that the

frontal is married to the anteroposterior and I told them that this does not accept infidelity, the

two of them will always be together, so the only possible plane that the laterolateral axis

can cross through me in the middle or anywhere without problems is for me to put

the structure in a plane sagittal, so that the sagittal plane will always be crossed by the

laterolateral axis and finally, well, I have nowhere to grab, but nevertheless if you apply

logic to seeing the longitudinal axis, the only possibility of crossing a structure is

that the structure is in a transverse plane, because otherwise it is very difficult to cross a

sagittal plane and cross a coronal plane with an axis that comes from top to bottom,

very difficult because imagine a leaf, I will not be able to cross it. So this is the way in

which the axes are related to the planes. We imagine it spatially and imagine

how we can traverse some of the planes. It is easier to learn something like this than to learn it

by heart because later we will forget it. Why am I interested in knowing which axis crosses

each plane? Because we reached the last part of the video where we talk about the movements and this

is where I am interested in relating them both, I explain to you: How do I learn the movements that

I make on the axes and on the planes? Well, I'll give you a trick, just learn the

movement on the axis, by learning the movement on the axis we will already know the movement of the

plane, because the movement of the plane is going to be the same as the axis that passes through it. How do you eat this

tongue twister? Well, I'll go back, imagine that the first thing we are going to talk about is the

laterolateral axis, imagine that I cross a rod from side to side, this book calls it,

ok, transverse axis, which is the same, this is another way of calling it from another book, I

like to call it laterolateral better because I think it is much easier for the student to learn

that it comes from one side to the other, so you see the laterolateral axis, when I

pass a stick through a person from one side to the other, that person The only movement you can do

on that stick is flexion and extension. Look at the little doll that has the stick from one side to the other

and can only flex on that stick, okay? So the movement that I can always do,

the only movement that allows me to make the laterolateral axis however I put it, is flexion

and extension of any structure, if I pass it over the wrist: flexion and extension of the wrist,

If I pass the axis from one side to the other it can be flexion and extension of the elbow, if I pass it on

the knee it will be flexion and extension of the knee, the fact is that on the

laterolateral axis only I can make flexion movements and extension, as the laterolateral axis

we found that it crossed the sagittal plane, if I asked you what movement is made in

the sagittal plane? You have to say flexion and extension because the movement in the plane is the

same movement made by the axis that passes through it, okay? So the easiest way to learn it,

you learn the planes, you learn the axes, you learn who crosses who and then

you just learn the movement of the axes and that's it, that will tell you the movement of the plane.

Did you see that it is quite easy to study anatomy? No, it is not the way for us to get everything worked out,

simply to understand what we are studying. Now, if we talk about the next one, which is the

anteroposterior, which for purposes in this book is called the sagittal axis, well, when you cross

a person with a stick, imagine that you cross it from back to front, with a stick crossed

back and forth, that person does not You will be able to do flexion and extension, first because I already

told you that this movement can only be done on the laterolateral axis,

second because on that rod I only have to grip laterally and medially as

the doll is here and that is called abduction or abduction movements, the name really is

abduction but I say a lot of abduction because it looks like adduction and taking me towards the midline

is adduction, okay? So when I separate some structure from the midline I do abduction

or abduction if you want to call it that way and when I bring it closer I do adduction which would be the opposite,

so they are the only two movements I can do on the anteroposterior axis and if

I I will then ask: What movements can I make on the coronal plane? You have to

tell me abduction and adduction because they are, let's say that this coronal plane was crossed only by the

anteroposterior axis, so that the movement that I make on that plane is the same that I

make on the axis that crosses it, that I make. eduction and adduction. If you want to understand more about

what flexion is, what extension is, what deduction and adduction is, I invite you to watch my

movement terminology video, so that you can understand well what these movements consist of.

Finally, well, look here, if I cross a stick from front to back, my arm

can only abduct and adduct it, here it crosses it in the hip: abduction,

separating the hip and bringing it back towards the midline, adduction. Now, finally, the

longitudinal axis, which is the axis that runs along the length, look, I have no other choice, with a rod running along

my entire body I can only rotate on the rod, okay? First of all, I already explained these two movements

to you that each one goes like an axis, there is no way to do it on the other axes, see

that each axis makes a different movement, so the one I do on a longitudinal axis, I swear

it has to be internal rotation and external rotation, some books also call it

external lateral rotation and medial internal rotation, that is, I can only rotate, I can rotate and

if I asked you: What movement do I do on the transverse plane? Since I already know that the

transverse plane is crossed by the longitudinal axis, I already know that on that transverse plane

I will only be able to do internal rotation and external rotation, there is no other way, okay? With a stick

crossed I will not be able to flex my hand anywhere, much less will I be able to abduct it,

the only thing you can do is rotate the upper limb around that longitudinal axis. So well, this

was the entire delivery of axes and body plans, I hope you understood it and don't forget to subscribe

to the channel, like the video if you liked it and you can find me on Instagram at @juan_sanchez1315