FINANZAS PUBLICAS
Summary
TLDRThe video script delves into public finance, focusing on the state's economic activities, including revenue acquisition, expenditure, and public debt management. It emphasizes the importance of a sustainable public budget and distinguishes between absolute and relative public needs, individual and collective needs, and essential and non-essential public services. The script also explains the role of regulatory bodies in overseeing public services and the classification of public resources, highlighting the non-profit motive of these services aimed at social welfare and equity. It concludes with an overview of public expenditure, distinguishing between current, capital, and transfer expenditures.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ Public Finances: The script discusses public finances, focusing on the economic activities of the state, including income generation and expenditure management, as well as public debt management.
- 💼 Objective of Public Finances: One of the main objectives of public finances is to maintain a sustainable public budget over time, avoiding long-term public debt that may necessitate tax increases or benefit cuts for citizens.
- 🏗️ Public Needs: Public needs are categorized into absolute (internal order, security, justice) and relative (infrastructure, health, education) needs, which are essential for collective life and are addressed by state action.
- 👥 Individual and Collective Needs: Needs are further divided into individual, directly affecting a person, and collective, impacting entire communities or groups, such as education, national defense, and justice administration.
- 🛑 Essential and Non-essential Services: Public services are divided into essential and non-essential, with essential services being those vital for the quality of life and usually provided directly to households.
- 💧 Basic Public Services: Basic services are considered essential for life quality, such as water supply, while administrative services relate to public institution management, like driver's license acquisition.
- 🚨 Auxiliary Services: Auxiliary services are provided in emergency situations when a citizen's integrity or life is at risk, such as police services.
- 🛃 Regulatory Bodies: The script mentions regulatory bodies in Peru, such as the National Superintendency of Sanitation Services and the Regulator of Public Transport Infrastructure, which oversee public services.
- 💼 Public Resources: Public resources refer to all income perceptions received by the state to finance public expenditures, classified into original and derived resources.
- 💼 Original and Derived Resources: Original resources are obtained without state coercion and are patrimonial, while derived resources come from individuals' assets, such as tributes.
- 🏦 Public Expenditure: Public expenditure is the total monetary amount spent by the public sector for its activities, classified into current expenditure (operational costs like official salaries), capital expenditure (acquisition of assets), and transfer expenditure (subsidies to enterprises and families).
- 📈 Investment Expenditure: Unlike capital expenditure, investment expenditure aims to create, increase, or improve existing public capital, which is funded by taxes paid by citizens for public needs.
Q & A
What do public finances primarily deal with?
-Public finances primarily deal with the economic activities of the state, including how the state obtains its income, makes expenditures, and manages public debt.
What is the main objective of public finances?
-The main objective of public finances is to have a sustainable public budget over time, avoiding the generation of public debt that could force long-term tax increases or benefit cuts for citizens.
What are the needs that public finances aim to satisfy?
-Public finances aim to satisfy collective needs through the action of the state, which can be divided into absolute needs like internal order or justice administration, and relative needs such as road construction, transportation, health, and education.
How are public needs classified?
-Public needs are classified into absolute or relative needs, individual or collective needs, and essential or non-essential services.
What is the difference between basic and auxiliary public services?
-Basic public services are essential for the quality of life and usually reach households directly, such as potable water. Auxiliary services are those provided in emergency situations when the integrity or life of a citizen is at risk, like police services.
Which entities regulate public services in Peru?
-In Peru, entities such as the National Superintendency of Sanitation Services, the Regulator of Public Transport Infrastructure, the Telecommunications Regulator, and the Organism for the Supervision of Investment in Energy and Mining regulate public services.
What are public resources and how are they classified?
-Public resources are all the income perceptions that the state perceives from any nature to finance public expenditures. They are classified into original and derived, with original resources being those obtained without exercising coercive power and derived resources coming from the property of individuals in favor of the state.
How do modern states receive income from their citizens?
-Modern states receive income from their citizens through taxes, fees, and special contributions.
What are the types of public expenditures?
-Public expenditures are classified into current expenditures, capital expenditures, and transfer expenditures. Current expenditures are for basic state operations like official salaries, capital expenditures are for acquiring assets, and transfer expenditures are monetary amounts destined for companies and families, such as subsidies.
What is the purpose of investment expenditures compared to capital expenditures?
-While capital expenditures are for acquiring assets, investment expenditures aim to create, increase, or improve existing public capital, such as paying for infrastructure projects.
Why do states levy taxes, fees, and contributions?
-States levy taxes, fees, and contributions to cover public needs that must be satisfied and as a duty of citizens to contribute to public expenditures.
Outlines
🏛️ Public Finances and State Economic Activity
This paragraph delves into the realm of public finances, focusing on the state's economic activities. It covers how the state obtains its revenue and manages its expenditures, including public debt. The goal is to maintain a sustainable public budget over time without creating long-term public debt that would necessitate tax increases or benefit cuts for citizens. The paragraph also touches on public needs, distinguishing between absolute and relative needs, individual and collective needs, and essential and non-essential services. Public services are characterized by their subsidized pricing to ensure accessibility and are not profit-oriented, aiming to improve social welfare and equity. The paragraph also mentions regulatory bodies in Peru, such as the National Superintendency of Sanitation Services and the Supervisory Agency for Investment in Energy and Mining, which oversee the provision of public services.
💼 The Role of Taxes in Public Finances
The second paragraph emphasizes the importance of taxes in public finances. It states that taxes are paid to meet public needs and contribute to public expenditures. The paragraph reiterates the concept of public finances, highlighting the role of the state in satisfying public needs through taxation. This summary suggests a focus on the responsibility of citizens to contribute to the state's financial health through their tax payments, underlining the reciprocal relationship between public finances and the services provided to the community.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Public Finances
💡Public Debt
💡Public Needs
💡Public Services
💡Sustainable Budget
💡Taxes
💡Public Expenditure
💡Regulatory Bodies
💡Public Resources
💡Income
💡Fiscal Responsibility
Highlights
Public finance focuses on the economic activities of the state, including income acquisition and expenditure.
Aims for a sustainable public budget over time to avoid long-term public debt that may necessitate tax increases or benefit cuts for citizens.
Public needs are divided into absolute and relative, with absolute needs including internal order, security, and justice administration.
Relative public needs encompass infrastructure like roads, transportation, health, and education.
Public needs are also categorized as individual or collective, with collective needs affecting the entire community or group.
Essential and non-essential public services are distinguished, with essential services directly subsidised to be accessible to the population.
The state's operation of public services is not for profit but to improve social welfare and equity among citizens.
Public services are classified into basic, administrative, and auxiliary categories, with basic services being essential for life quality.
Administrative services relate to public institution management, such as driver's license acquisition.
Auxiliary services provide emergency assistance when a citizen's integrity or life is at risk, like police services.
Regulatory entities for public services in Peru include the National Superintendency of Sanitation Services and the Regulator of Public Transport Infrastructure.
Public resources refer to all income perceptions received by the state to finance public expenditures, classified as original and derived.
Original resources are obtained without the state's coercive power, while derived resources come from individuals' property in favor of the state.
Modern states receive income from citizens through taxes, fees, and special contributions.
Public expenditures are the total monetary amount spent by the public sector for its activities, classified into current and capital expenditures.
Current expenditures cover basic state operations, such as official salaries, while capital expenditures are for acquiring assets like trains.
Transfer expenditures involve monetary allocations to enterprises and families, such as subsidies.
Investment expenditures aim to create, increase, or improve existing public capital, unlike capital expenditures.
Tributes are paid for public needs that the state must satisfy, and it is a duty to contribute to public expenditures.
Transcripts
[Música]
finanzas
finanzas públicas
las finanzas públicas se ocupan de la
parte de la economía que se refiere a la
actividad económica del estado es decir
estudiar como el estado obtiene sus
ingresos y efectúa sus gastos además de
la gestión de la deuda pública aquí
incluye necesidades públicas servicios
públicos gastos públicos y recursos
públicos
las finanzas públicas deben tener como
uno de sus objetivos un presupuesto
público sostenible en el tiempo es decir
no debería generarse una deuda pública
que en el largo plazo obligue por
ejemplo a elevar impuestos oa recortar
beneficios a los ciudadanos
necesidades públicas no hacen de la vida
colectiva y se satisfacen a través de la
actuación del estado se dividen en
necesidades absolutas o relativas
absolutas son de orden interno o
administración de seguridad o
administración de justicia las
necesidades relativas serían la
construcción de caminos transporte salud
educación
también se dividen en individuales o
colectivas los individuales se refieren
estrictamente a las necesidades del
individuo las colectivas aquellas que
afectan toda la colectividad a todo un
grupo en este caso estaría incluido la
educación defensa nacional orden interno
y administración de justicia también si
se dividen en esenciales o no esenciales
servicios públicos actividades del
estado para procurar la satisfacción de
necesidades públicas se caracterizan
porque su precio suele subsidiarse a fin
de que sea accesible a la población el
estado no lo apruebe con el objetivo de
obtener beneficios es decir no responde
a un ánimo de lucro
su funcionamiento debería ayudar a
mejorar el bienestar social y la equidad
entre los ciudadanos
se clasifican en básicos administrativos
y de auxilio los básicos son aquellos
considerados esenciales para la calidad
de vida y usualmente llegan directamente
a los hogares como el agua potable los
administrativos son todos los
relacionados a las gestiones que se
realizan en las instituciones públicas
por ejemplo la adquisición de la
licencia de conducir de auxilio son los
que brindan en una situación de
emergencia
cuando la integridad o vida del
ciudadano está en peligro nos referimos
por ejemplo al servicio policial
algunos entes reguladores de los
servicios públicos en el estado peruano
es una superintendencia nacional de
servicios de saneamiento
ositrán el regulador de la
infraestructura de transporte de uso
público ositrán
el regulador de las telecomunicaciones
cocinar min organismo supervisor de la
inversión en energía y minería recursos
públicos se denomina recursos públicos a
todas las percepciones de ingresos que
percibe el estado de cualquier
naturaleza que sean con el objeto de
financiar los gastos públicos
se clasifican en originarios y derivados
los originarios son aquellos que el
estado obtiene como un particular
actuando sin ejercer su poder coercitivo
son ingresos patrimoniales los derivados
fluyen del patrimonio de los
particulares en favor del estado por
ejemplo los tributos los estados
modernos reciben ingresos de los
ciudadanos a través de los impuestos las
tasas y las contribuciones especiales
gastos públicos es la cuantía monetaria
total que desembolsa el sector público
para desarrollar sus actividades se
clasifican en gasto corriente en ellos
se encuentran aquella cantidad de dinero
destinada a operaciones más básicas del
estado como el sueldo de funcionarios
gasto de capital en este gasto se
encuentra que el destinado a la
obtención de activos por ejemplo la
compra de trenes gasto de transferencia
se trata de la cantidad monetaria que el
estado destina a empresas y familias
por ejemplo los subsidios gastos de
inversión a diferencia del gasto capital
este gasto tiene como objetivo crear
aumentar mejorar el capital público ya
existente
porque se pagan los tributos por
necesidades públicas que el estado debe
satisfacer y deber de contribuir a los
gastos públicos
finanzas públicas
las finanzas públicas se ocupan de la
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