History of Philippine Educational System

Summary

This video script delves into the history of the Philippine educational system, highlighting its evolution from informal pre-colonial practices to the structured Spanish-era education, and further through American influence, Commonwealth period, and Japanese occupation. It discusses the shifts in curriculum focus, from religious teachings to democratic ideals, vocational training, and nationalism. The script also covers post-colonial developments, including the K-12 program and the integration of values education, emphasizing the importance of understanding educational history to inform present and future reforms.

Takeaways

• 📚 The Philippine educational system has evolved from informal and unstructured pre-colonial education to a formal and organized system influenced by Spanish, American, and Japanese eras.
• 🌐 Education in the pre-colonial period was decentralized, with vocational training being more emphasized than academics, taught by tribal tutors known as babaylan or katalunan.
• ⛪ The Spanish era introduced formal schooling with an authoritarian nature, focusing on religious education and replacing tribal tutors with Spanish missionaries.
• 📜 The Educational Decree of 1863 established a complete system of education in the Philippines, including compulsory attendance between ages 7 and 12, with a curriculum centered on religion but also including secular subjects.
• 🏫 During the American regime, democratic ideals were promoted, and a system of free and compulsory elementary education was established, with the University of the Philippines being founded in 1908.
• 🏛 The Commonwealth period emphasized nationalism, vocational education, and discipline, with the teaching of Filipino national language and the life of Filipino heroes being mandated in schools.
• 🎓 The Japanese occupation aimed to eradicate reliance on Western states, foster a new Filipino culture based on oriental consciousness, and promote the diffusion of the Japanese language in the Philippines.
• 🏛️ Post-colonial Philippine education aimed at realizing democratic ideals, with the civil service eligibility of teachers being made permanent and a daily flag ceremony being compulsory in all schools.
• 📈 The 1973 Constitution outlined the fundamental aims of education, including fostering love of country, teaching duties of citizenship, and developing moral, self-discipline, and scientific, technological, and vocational efficiency.
• 🔄 The educational system has seen various developments, including the introduction of new courses, media of instruction policies, and the trifocalization of the education system focusing on basic education, technical education, and higher education.
• 📝 The Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001 and the Kindergarten Act of 2012, along with the K-12 program, have significantly reformed the structure of basic education in the Philippines, aiming to provide a comprehensive and well-rounded education.

Q & A

What was the nature of education during the pre-colonial period in the Philippines?

Education during the pre-colonial period in the Philippines was informal, unstructured, and decentralized. It was vocationally focused, with parents teaching their children practical skills for livelihood and household chores.

How did the Spanish era change the educational system in the Philippines?

The Spanish era introduced formal and organized education, characterized by an authoritarian nature. Spanish missionaries replaced tribal tutors, and the curriculum was centered around religious teachings, with separate schools for boys and girls.

What was the significance of the Educational Decree of 1863 in the Philippine educational system?

The Educational Decree of 1863 established a complete system of education from elementary to collegiate levels. It mandated the creation of elementary schools in all municipalities and included a curriculum with subjects like reading, writing, arithmetic, history, and Christian doctrine.

What were the key features of the American regime's educational system in the Philippines?

The American regime promoted democratic ideals and a democratic way of life. It established a system of free and compulsory elementary education, reopened schools previously maintained by the Spanish, and introduced the University of the Philippines as the first state school of university status.

How did the Commonwealth period (1935-1942) approach education in the Philippines?

During the Commonwealth period, free education in public schools was provided nationwide, with an emphasis on vocational education, household activities, and nationalism. Good manners, discipline, and the teaching of Filipino national language were also prioritized.

What were the educational aims during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines?

The aims of education during the Japanese occupation included understanding the Philippines' position in the East Asia co-prosperity sphere, eradicating reliance on Western states, fostering a new Filipino culture, elevating moral values, diffusing elementary and vocational education, promoting the Japanese language, and developing a love for labor.

What was the role of the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS) in the post-colonial Philippines?

The DECS was responsible for the governance of the basic education system, including the implementation of policies and programs that aimed to realize democratic ideals and prepare students for tertiary education, employment, and citizenship.

What is the significance of the K-12 program in the Philippines?

The K-12 program, established by Republic Act 10533, covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education, aiming to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for higher education, skills development, and entrepreneurship.

What is the purpose of studying the history of education in the Philippines?

Studying the history of education helps understand and solve current educational issues rooted in the past, shapes the future by learning from present conditions influenced by history, and provides a perspective that illuminates present educational activities.

How has the role of values education evolved in the Philippine curriculum?

Values education has been integrated into all learning areas and is offered as a separate subject in the new secondary education curriculum, emphasizing the development of moral, self-discipline, and civic responsibilities.

What is the significance of the Governance of Basic Education Act (Republic Act 9155) in the Philippine educational system?

Republic Act 9155 transformed the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports into the Department of Education, refining the roles of field offices and providing a framework for school head empowerment, school-based management, and transparency and local accountability.

Outlines

00:00

📚 History of Philippine Education

This paragraph delves into the historical development of the Philippine educational system, emphasizing its reflection of societal nature and character. It begins with the pre-colonial period, characterized by informal and decentralized education focused on vocational training, with tribal tutors known as 'babaylan' or 'katalunan'. The Spanish era introduced formal, authoritarian education with a religious core curriculum. The 1863 Educational Decree established a complete education system, making attendance compulsory for children aged 7 to 12. The American regime brought democratic ideals and compulsory elementary education, leading to the establishment of the University of the Philippines in 1908. The Commonwealth period saw free public education and an emphasis on nationalism and vocational education.

05:01

🏛 Evolution of Philippine Education Policies

The second paragraph outlines the evolution of educational policies in the Philippines, starting with the Japanese occupation, which aimed to eradicate Western influence and promote a new Filipino culture based on oriental consciousness. Post-colonial education focused on democratic ideals and the civil service eligibility of teachers. The 1973 Constitution set forth the fundamental aims of education, including fostering love of country and developing moral discipline. The paragraph also covers the integration of values in learning areas, the introduction of new courses, bilingual education policy, and the establishment of the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports. It concludes with the governance reforms introduced by Republic Act 9155, emphasizing school head empowerment and school-based management.

10:03

📈 Current Developments and Importance of Educational History

The final paragraph discusses the current developments in the Philippine educational system, such as the trifocal education system, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). It highlights the passage of Republic Act 9155, which transformed the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS) into the Department of Education (DepEd), and the introduction of the K-12 program aimed at providing a comprehensive basic education. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the importance of studying educational history, as articulated by John Dewey, to understand and solve current problems, shape the future, and provide perspective on present activities.

Keywords

💡Educational System

The educational system refers to the organized structure through which society provides formal instruction to its members. In the video, the Philippine educational system is discussed in various historical contexts, showing how it evolved from informal and decentralized pre-colonial practices to a formal, organized structure under Spanish and American influence, and further developments in the post-colonial period.

💡Societal Reflection

Societal reflection in education means that the content and methods of teaching are shaped by the values, needs, and character of the society itself. The video emphasizes this concept by stating that what society deems important is what gets taught in schools, illustrating how education in the Philippines has historically mirrored the nation's societal changes and priorities.

💡Pre-Colonial Education

Pre-colonial education refers to the educational practices before the arrival of foreign colonizers. In the script, it is described as informal, unstructured, and decentralized, with vocational training being more emphasized than academics, and tribal tutors known as 'babaylan' or 'katalunan' playing a key role in teaching.

💡Spanish Era

The Spanish Era denotes the period of Spanish colonization in the Philippines, which brought about formal and organized education, characterized by an authoritarian nature and a strong religious focus. The script mentions the 'patrol kill school' and the replacement of tribal tutors with Spanish missionaries, highlighting the shift to a curriculum centered on Christian doctrines.

💡American Regime

The American Regime refers to the period of American colonization and influence in the Philippines. The video describes this era as promoting democratic ideals and establishing a system of free and compulsory elementary education. The founding of the University of the Philippines and the introduction of a three-level school system are significant developments mentioned in the script.

💡Educational Decree of 1863

The Educational Decree of 1863 was a significant law that established a complete system of education in the Philippines, from elementary to collegiate levels. The script highlights the decree's impact on making education more accessible, with compulsory attendance between ages 7 and 12 and a curriculum that included a mix of religious and secular subjects.

💡Commonwealth Period

The Commonwealth Period refers to the time when the Philippines was a commonwealth under American administration before gaining independence. The script discusses how free education was provided, with an emphasis on nationalism, vocational education, and good manners. The creation of the Institute of Private Education and the teaching of Filipino national language and ethics are also mentioned.

💡Japanese Occupation

The Japanese Occupation represents the period during World War II when the Philippines was under Japanese control. The script outlines the Japanese aims for education, which included fostering a new Filipino culture based on an Oriental consciousness, promoting the Japanese language, and eradicating Western influences, particularly from the U.S. and Great Britain.

💡Post-Colonial Philippines

Post-Colonial Philippines refers to the period after the Philippines gained independence from foreign powers. The script discusses the continuation of democratic ideals in education, the nationalization of elementary education, and the inclusion of Filipino literature and history in the curriculum. It also mentions the establishment of a daily flag ceremony and the singing of the national anthem in schools.

💡K-12 Program

The K-12 Program is a significant educational reform in the Philippines that extends the basic education system to include kindergarten and 12 years of basic education. The script explains that the program aims to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for higher education or employment.

💡Values Education

Values Education is the intentional teaching of moral and ethical principles within the educational curriculum. The script mentions that values education is offered as a separate subject and integrated into all subject areas in the new secondary education curriculum, emphasizing the development of caring, self-reliant, productive, and patriotic citizens.

Highlights

Education in the pre-colonial Philippines was informal, unstructured, and decentralized, focusing on vocational training for children to become good husbands and wives.

During the Spanish era, education became formal and organized with an authoritarian nature, emphasizing Christian doctrines and religious practices.

The Educational Decree of 1863 established a complete system of education in the Philippines, including compulsory attendance for children aged 7 to 12.

American regime (1898-1946) promoted democratic ideals and introduced a system of free and compulsory elementary education.

The University of the Philippines was founded in 1908, marking the first state school of university status in the country.

Commonwealth period emphasized nationalism, vocational education, and discipline, with the teaching of Filipino national language and history.

Japanese occupation aimed to eradicate reliance on Western states and foster a new Filipino culture based on an Oriental consciousness.

Post-colonial Philippine education aimed at realizing democratic ideals, with a focus on civil service eligibility for teachers and daily flag ceremonies.

The 1973 Constitution outlined the fundamental aims of education, including fostering love of country and developing moral self-discipline.

Integration of values in all learning areas and the introduction of new courses like YDT and CAT marked developments in the educational system.

The Education Act of 1982 created the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports, streamlining the educational system.

The trifocal education system refocused the Department of Education's mandate to basic education, covering elementary, secondary, and non-formal education.

The Governance of Basic Education Act in 2001 transformed the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports into the Department of Education, emphasizing school-based management.

The Kindergarten Act institutionalized kindergarten education into the basic education system, ensuring early childhood education.

The K-12 program, established in 2013, covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education, aiming to develop lifelong learners and prepare graduates for higher education or employment.

Studying the history of education helps understand and solve current problems, shape the future, and illuminate present activities for teachers.

Transcripts

[Music]

hello everyone

how are you today i hope you are doing

well

today we are going to talk about the

history of the philippine educational

system

let us also see how the nature and

character of the philippine society

are reflected in the education process

in different periods of philippian

history

after watching this video discussion you

will be able to trace the history of

philippine educational system

class as we talked about the philippine

educational system

just remember this sociological concept

which is the focus of this lesson

that education is a function of a

society

and as such what are taught in schools

arise

from the nature and character of society

itself

what society considers important is what

schools teach

let's start with education during the

pre-colonial

period education was informal

and unstructured back then it is also

decentralized

fathers taught their sons how to look

for food and other means livelihood

mothers taught their daughters to do the

household chores

this education basically prepared their

children to become

good husband and wives children are

provided

more vocational training and lesser

academics

teachers are tribal tutors we call them

babailan or katalunan

next is education during the spanish era

education was formal and organized this

time

it was authoritarian in nature tribal

shooters of the pre-spanish period were

replaced by spanish missionaries

pupils attended formal schooling in the

patrol kill school

instructions was religion related

christian doctrines

sacred songs and music and prayers were

taught because they were required for

confession

and communion there was a separate

school for boys and girls

while the filipinos class or also called

the illustrators were accommodated in

schools

next we have the educational decree of

1863

this law gave filipinos a complete

system of education

from elementary to the collegiate level

the law provided for the establishment

of the elementary schools in all

municipalities in the country

all although religion was the core of

the curriculum

the curriculum included subjects like

reading

writing arithmetic history christian

decree

spanish language vocal music agriculture

for the boys and needlework for the

girls

attendance in school was compulsory

between the ages 7

and 12. now let's move on to education

during the american regime

in 1898-1946

the americans promoted democratic ideals

and the democratic way of life

the schools maintained by the spaniards

class for more than three centuries were

closed but were reopened on august 29

1898 by the secretary of the interior

a system of free and compulsory

elementary education

was established by the malolos

constitution

in may 1898 the first american school

was established in corydor

and shortly after the capture of manila

in 1899

seven schools were opened in the city

training class was done through the

schools both

public and secular named by chaplains

and military officers of the u.s army

homicides arrived in the philippines on

august 23

1901. the university of the philippines

was founded in 1908

university of the philippines class was

the first state school of university

status

the department of public instruction set

a three-level school system

the first level considered a four-year

primary

and three-year intermediate or

seven-year elementary curriculum

the second level was four-year junior

college and later

a four-year program

let's go to the commonwealth period that

is 1935

until 1942 free education in public

schools

was provided all over the country in

accordance with the 1935 constitution

vocational education and some household

activities sex suing

cooking and farming were also given

importance

education also emphasized nationalism so

that students were taught about the life

of the filipino heroes

vocational education and some household

activities

were also given importance good manners

and discipline were also taught to the

students

the institute of private education was

established in order to observe private

schools

formal adult education was also given

executive order number 134 of 1936 was

signed by president manuel al qaeda

designating iba bataisa tagalog

executive order number 217 otherwise

known as the cousin code of ethics

was taught in schools executive order

number 263

in 1940 required the teaching of the

filipino

national language in the senior year of

all high schools

and in all years in the normal schools

the education act of 1940 was approved

by the philippine embassy on august 7

1940 which provided for the following

first reduction of the seven year

elementary course to six years

second fixing the school entrance age at

seven

third national support for elementary

education

fourth compulsory attendance for primary

children enrolled in grade one

and lastly adoption of double single

sessions in the primary grade

with one teacher one class assignment of

intermediate teachers

moving on to the japanese occupation

the aims of education during japanese

education are the following

first make the people understand the

position of the philippines as a member

of the east asia

co-prosperity sphere second eradication

of the idea of reliance upon western

states particularly the u.s and great

britain

third fostering a new filipino culture

based on the consciousness

of people as orientals fourth

elevating the moral of the people giving

up

over emphasis to materialism

fifth diffusion of elementary education

and promotion of vocation education

sixth striving for the diffusion of

japanese language in the philippines

and the termination of the use of

english in schools

seventh developing in people the love of

labor

during the post-colonial philippines

education aimed at the full realization

of the democratic ideals and way of life

the civil service eligibility of

teachers

was made permanent pursuant to republic

act

1079 in june 15 1954

a daily flag ceremony was made

compulsory

in all schools including the singing of

the national anthem

pursuant to republic act 1265

approved on june 11 1955 curricular

offerings in all schools

the life the works and writings of dr

hassarizal

especially the noli me tangere and the

el filibusterismo

shall be included in all levels

elementary education was nationalized

and matriculation fees were abolished

magna carta for teachers was passed into

law by virtue of republic act 4670

class the fundamental aims of education

in the 1973 constitution

are the following foster love of country

teach the duties of citizenship develop

moral

self-discipline and scientific

technological and vocational efficiency

as the time passed their other

developments happen

in the educational system of the

philippines

we have integration values in all

learning areas

emphasis on mastery learning ydt and cat

introduced as new courses media of

instruction

bilingual education policy which

mandates the use of english and filipino

separately

as media of instruction in schools we

have education

act of 1982 which created the ministry

of education

culture and sports we also have the ncee

or the national college insurance

examination

another executive order number 117

signed by president corizon c aquino

renamed

ministry of education culture and sports

into dext in 1987

or department of education culture and

sports

another development is the creation of

the board of professional teachers

composed of five under prc or the

professional regulation commission

the replacement of bibet or the

professional board examination for

teachers

by let or the licensure examination for

teachers another development

is the transfer of authority of

administering the licensure examination

for teachers

from civil service commission and

department of education

culture and sports to the board of

professional teachers

under prc trifocalization of education

system was also introduced

as another development of our

educational system

the trifocal education system refocused

dex mandate to basic education

which covers elementary secondary and

non-formal education

including culture and sports testa

now administers the post-secondary

middle level manpower training and

development

by virtue of republic act 7796

tesla means technical education and

skills development act of 1994.

shed or the commission on higher

education is responsible

for higher education by virtue

of republic act 7722 or the higher

education act of 1994.

in august 2001 class republic act 9155

otherwise called the governance of basic

education act

was passed transforming the name

department of education

culture and sports or dex to the

department of education

or depp ed and refining the role of

field offices like

regional offices division offices

district offices and schools

republic act 9155 provide the overall

framework for example

in school head empowerment by

strengthening their leadership roles

and second school-based management

within the context

of transparency and local accountability

the goal of basic education is to

provide the school-aged population and

young adults with skills

knowledge and values to become caring

self-reliant

productive and patriotic citizens

values education is offered as a

separate subject

in the new secondary education

curriculum

and integrated in all subject areas in

both

curricula again and seconds the new

secondary education curriculum

in january 2020 2012 republic act 10157

was approved

it is also known as the kindergarten act

it is an act

institutionalizing the kindergarten

education

into the basic education system

and of course on may 15 2013

republic act 10533

also known as the k-12 program was fast

the k-12 program covers kindergarten and

12 years of basic education

that is six years of primary education

four years of junior high school and two

years of senior high school

to provide sufficient time for mastery

of concepts and skills

develop lifelong learners and prepare

graduates for tertiary education

middle level skills development

employment and entrepreneurship

now the question class is why do we need

to study all of this

why do we have to bother with the

educational goals of the past

which is fast and so we can no longer

undo it

class dewey explains why a study of

history of education is very important

and valuable

he gave three reasons number one

educational issues and problems are

often rooted to the past

the study of educational history can

help us

understand and solve today's problems

second realistic effort to reform

education

begin with present conditions which are

a product of our past

by using our past we can shape the

future

and lastly the study of education spas

provides

a perspective that explains and

illuminates

our present activities as teachers

are you learning i hope you are thank

you so much everyone for listening

have a great day bye