So Switzerland, you care to explain this...?
Summary
TLDRスイスがロシアから合法的に金を輸入し続けている背景には、同国の長い中立政策と複雑な歴史があります。第二次世界大戦中には、戦時下のドイツからの金の購入や、アパルトヘイト体制下の南アフリカとの取引など、スイスの中立性が倫理的に問題視される事例がありました。また、スイスは西側諸国によるロシアへの制裁にもかかわらず、ロシアのオリガルヒたちに「ゴールデンビザ」を通じて居住地を提供しています。このビデオスクリプトは、スイスの中立性が平和と繁栄のためのものである一方で、その中立性が時には倫理的に疑問視される側面をも持つことを明らかにしています。
Takeaways
- 🇨🇭 スイスはウクライナ戦争開始以来、ロシアから合法的に金を輸入し続けている。
- 💰 スイスには、戦時中のドイツによって略奪された美術品が隠されていた歴史がある。
- 🏦 スイスの中立性は長い歴史があり、1815年以来、国際的な紛争に参加していない。
- 🤝 スイスはNATOやEUには加盟しておらず、2002年に国連に加盟した最後の国の一つである。
- 📈 ウクライナ戦争前に比べて、スイスのロシアからの金輸入量は大幅に増加している。
- 🔍 英国はロシア金輸出の仲介役を果たし、スイスはそれを合法的に購入し精錬している。
- 🛂 スイスは「ゴールデンビザ」を通じてロシアのオリガルヒに居住権を提供している。
- 📉 スイスは中立政策の下で、武器を紛争中の国々に販売することを禁じているが、その適用には柔軟性がある。
- 🌍 スイスは過去に、両戦争当事者と取引を行い、中立性を保ちながら経済的に利益を得ていた。
- 🏢 スイスの銀行秘密法は過去に、戦時中の略奪品の隠匿に利用されてきたが、2014年に撤廃された。
Q & A
ウクライナ戦争開始以来、ロシアからスイスにどのくらいの金が流れ込んでいるのか?
-ウクライナ戦争開始以来、75トンの金がロシアからスイスに流れ込み、市場価値で約55億ドルに相当します。
2022年にスイスがロシアの金の輸入を禁止したにもかかわらず、なぜロシアの金がスイスに合法的に流入しているのか?
-スイスはEU諸国による制裁の対象となっているロシアからの金を、国際的な規制に従い、合法的に取引しているからです。
スイスの中立性はいつから続いているのか?
-スイスは1815年以来、国際紛争に参加しておらず、1907年には正式な政策として中立性を採用しています。
スイスはなぜNATOやEUのメンバーではないのか?
-スイスはその長い中立政策を維持するために、NATOやEUなどの軍事同盟や政治組織には参加していません。
ウクライナ戦争前と比較して、2023年にスイスのロシアからの金輸入量はどのように変化したのか?
-ウクライナ戦争前の年間平均20トンから、2023年には38トンに増加しました。
なぜスイスはロシアの金を融解して再スタンプするのか?
-スイスは金塊を融解して再スタンプすることで、その起源の追跡可能性を失わせ、倫理的に問題のある金を事実上洗浄しています。
スイスのゴールデンビザとは何か、どのようにしてロシアのオリガルヒがこれを利用しているのか?
-スイスのゴールデンビザは、一定額の税金を支払うことで居住権または市民権を得ることができる制度で、ロシアのオリガルヒはこれを利用して西側へ合法的に入国し、スイス法の保護を享受しています。
スイスが他の国々の軍事衝突に武器を販売できない理由は何か?
-スイス法は、進行中の衝突に関与している国々への武器販売を禁じており、また外国軍のスイス領土や領空の使用も許可していません。
スイスが第二次世界大戦中に軸国と同盟国の双方と取引を行った理由は何か?
-スイスは中立国として、侵略や占領の脅威から自国を守るため、また経済的な利益のために、軸国と同盟国双方との間でバランスを取りながら取引を行いました。
スイスが中立性を維持しながらも軍事貿易で利益を得ることができる理由は何か?
-スイスは、国際的な衝突に直接関与しないという中立性の原則に従いつつ、特定の規制と条件の下で武器や軍事関連商品を輸出することで、経済的な利益を享受しています。
Outlines
🇨🇭スイスの中立性とゴールド輸入
スイスがウクライナ戦争開始以降、EUの制裁を受けながらも合法的にロシアから大量の金を輸入している事実について説明します。ロシアの金はスイスで再溶解され、その過程で追跡可能なシールが消され、スイスのシールに置き換えられます。これにより、倫理的に問題のある金が事実上「洗浄」されている状況です。また、スイスの中立性の歴史的背景と、第二次世界大戦中のスイスの行動、特に戦争中にドイツとの取引を通じて利益を得た事例が紹介されます。さらに、スイスが中立国であるにもかかわらず、その中立性が常に倫理的であるとは限らない点についても触れられています。
🚨スイスとロシアのオリガルヒ
ロシアのオリガルヒがスイスでの生活を続けている方法について説明します。彼らは、いわゆる「ゴールデンビザ」を通じてスイスの居住権や市民権を獲得しています。スイスはロシアからの大量の資本流入を受け入れており、ロシアの富豪たちはスイスの法律の完全な保護を享受しながら快適に暮らしています。このパラグラフでは、スイスの移民政策、特に各州が独自の政策を持つシステムの下で、ロシアの富豪たちがどのようにしてスイスに留まり続けることが可能になっているかについて解説しています。
🔍スイスの中立性の複雑な実態
スイスの中立性が国際的な紛争や経済的な利益とどのように関連しているかについて掘り下げます。スイスは武器輸出の規制を厳しくしているものの、実際には多くの場合、その中立性を維持しながらも他国の紛争に間接的に関与しています。例えば、スイスはウクライナへの武器提供を直接拒否しつつも、ドイツに対して代替の戦車を提供することで制限を回避しています。また、スイスは過去にアパルトヘイト体制下の南アフリカへの技術輸出や、中東の紛争地域への武器部品の販売など、倫理的に問題のある行動を取ってきました。このパラグラフは、スイスがいかにしてその中立性を維持しながらも、国際的な紛争や経済的な利益に深く関与しているかを示しています。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡中立性
💡金の取引
Highlights
Switzerland has imported over 75 tons of Russian gold since the Ukraine war began, worth over $5 billion.
Switzerland continues to legally import Russian gold despite EU sanctions against Russia.
Switzerland's neutrality has allowed it to profit from wars without getting directly involved.
During WWII, Switzerland imported gold from Nazi Germany, helping fund the German war effort.
Swiss banks refused to return most of the Nazi gold after WWII, keeping billions in wealth.
Switzerland hosts over 85 Russian oligarchs through "Golden Visa" programs.
Swiss cantons have autonomy over immigration, preventing central expulsion of oligarchs.
$46 billion in Russian assets still remain in Swiss banks and economy.
During apartheid, Swiss companies actively supported South Africa's nuclear program.
Swiss encryption firm Crypto AG allowed the CIA to spy on foreign governments undetected.
Switzerland sells military equipment to countries in conflict by exploiting neutrality loopholes.
In 2020, Switzerland exported $965 million in weapons, making it the 7th largest arms exporter.
Neutrality allows Switzerland to profit from wars without accountability.
Switzerland's questionable wartime conduct is still debated today.
Switzerland finds ways to support conflicts despite proclaimed neutrality.
Transcripts
75 tons of gold has passed through
Russia into Switzerland since the
beginning of the war in Ukraine as of
writing this it's worth five and a half
billion dollars on the open market and
while Russia is sanctioned by EU
countries and Switzerland even banned
Russian gold in 2022 Russian gold
continues to flow into Switzerland
completely legally so how is that
possible why is Switzerland not stopping
this well when you dig into the facts it
turns out this goes way further back
than you could even imagine see
Switzerland's neutrality can be
controversial at times and some may say
the country has not always been a
champion of ethical Behavior as
Switzerland may not be as innocent as
you think take a look at these paintings
for an example this painting is called
the bathroom and rocks by Paul cesan and
this is the Sultan by eduard Manet this
third one is known as improvisation
number 10 by vasili Kandinsky what do
these have in common well all three were
found quite recently in Switzerland in
fact they were looted by wartime Germany
Affiliated art dealers at the start of
World War II and hidden in the country
starting in 1937 German forces began to
collect artwork from communities they
persecuted under the pretense that they
represented degenerative art then hiding
them safely behind Swiss borders the
plan was to eventually organize a
massive public auction in Switzerland at
the end of the war despite these Shady
happenings you probably know that
Switzerland and World War II era Germany
were not Allied in any way after all
Switzerland has famously been neutral
for centuries the Swiss even made plans
to defend themselves from a German
invasion and at one point they
preemptively downed 11 German aircraft
hovering over their border during the
conflict there they also maintained
diplomatic and Commercial relations with
the Allies on paper Switzerland's
reputation for neutrality is
indisputable in fact they haven't
entered a single International conflict
since 1815 and radical neutrality has
been their official policy since 1907.
the Swiss are not part of NATO or any
other military Alliance are not a member
of the EU and only joined the United
Nations in 2002 making them the last
country in the wild to join until South
Sudan became its own country in 2011.
even now after Switzerland joined in
Western sanctions against Russia for
invading Ukraine the official Swiss
government websites whereas the
neutrality has not been broken stating
Switzerland's adoption of the EU
sanctions does not alter its nationality
in any way it does not favor any warring
party militarily see Switzerland Prides
itself on being one of the most neutral
countries in the world and being a safe
haven for peace Switzerland cannot by
law sell weapons to countries in ongoing
conflicts or allow foreign militaries
the right to use Swiss soil or Aerospace
the Swiss Parliament recently voted a
resolution preventing the country from
imposing International sanctions on its
own or even joining sanctions imposed by
other countries that means it can only
bandwagon sanctions negotiated by
International organizations such as the
UN or the EU but while Switzerland
claims its neutrality is at the service
of peace and prosperity and inspired by
humanitarian and pacifist ideals they
may not always be as innocent as you
might think if you look closely at the
facts cracks start to appear which
reveal another truth neutrality always
comes at a price before the war in
Ukraine Swiss gold Imports averaged 20
tons per year in 2023 that shot up to 30
8 tons so what explains that massive
Spike an investigation by Swiss public
broadcaster srf and newspaper wo said
revealed how the country continues to
import gold coming from Russia it's more
complicated than Switzerland simply
importing Russian gold under the table
though as it turns out that the UK is
complicit in this game too you see
before 2019 Russia lifted taxes on gold
transactions to encourage massive
exports toward the UK we now know that
this was in preparation for a war to
finance future military expenses and
replenish their Central bank's foreign
currency reserves in anticipation of
international sanctions today
Switzerland is absorbing this gold
buying it completely legally and sending
it to Swiss refineries to remelt it but
why remelt it you may ask well remelted
gold bars lose their seals of
traceability and are re-stamped with
Swiss seals by doing so immense amounts
of ethically problematic gold are
effectively laundered yet gold bars
aren't the only way the country is
profiting from Russia's current
situation despite Switzerland's public
missers to seize the assets of oligarchs
many seem to find ways to sneak in and
hide their belongings from the eu's more
restrictive sanctions Russian
billionaires like Victor wexlenberg
Andrei marichenko Roman Abramovich
Dimitri pimpiansky and even Putin's
alleged lover Alina kabeva have been
living in Switzerland and have set up
their businesses over the years it might
shock you to learn that the Russian
oligarchs targeted by Western sanctions
are living comfortably in Switzerland
thanks to so-called Swiss golden Visas
so how is this possible well Switzerland
is one of those countries where you can
obtain residency or even citizenship by
living and working in the country or by
investment all any non-eu citizen with a
clean criminal record needs to do is pay
a lump tax ranging from 200 to 600 000
Swiss Francs equal to around 230 to 690
000 to gain citizenship and prove they
don't needs of work to stay financially
afloat of course this is hardly an
option for the average Joe but it's a
very easy legal Gateway for Russian
oligarchs to sneak into the West while
enjoying the full protection of Swiss
law the result is that Switzerland hosts
at least 85 Russian billionaires through
the golden Visa programs and while other
European countries have offered golden
visas the Swiss government appears to
lag behind when it comes to restricting
the program at least for Russian
citizens the main reason is that
immigration policies are not controlled
by the central government in Switzerland
instead each of the 26 Swiss continues
has a different immigration policy in
place only sharing broad guidelines on a
national level and the reason the
central government can't step in and
expel all oligarchs is that the Swiss
Constitution guarantees the independence
of each Canton so it's illegal for them
to do so all in all of the 150 billion
Swiss Francs circulating into the Swiss
banking system from Russian assets
before the war it is estimated that 46
billion Swiss Francs still remain in
circulation this figure includes all the
assets held by Russian people in real
estate or industrial activities and
stock Investments
so while Ukrainian cities are showered
in Russian bombs Switzerland Harbor's
Russia's ruining class and may legally
profit from Putin's pre-war gold sale
but this brings the question are they
really doing anything wrong at least
from their perspective after all they
are a neutral country they don't get
involved in other countries business
from a Swiss perspective there is
nothing wrong with making the best of a
conflict where you're not a participant
and in this period there is a historical
precedent to training with both sides of
a conflict without getting involved
during World War II Switzerland became
richer while the rest of the continent
experienced massive destruction and
suffering as a neutral country the Swiss
soon found themselves surrounded by Axis
powers like wartime Italy and Germany
and occupied France as the war continued
Switzerland slowly increased trading
with the axes exports to Germany
especially of raw materials electric
energy machinery and vehicles
skyrocketed at the height of the war
raging a grand total of 1.1 1 billion
Swiss Francs in 1942 at the same time
Switzerland continued to maintain good
relations with allies sitting on the
fence of this massive conflict some
might say Switzerland was cornered by
the axes and merely chose between
collaboration and Invasion which is
probably true but it's also no secret
that the Swiss economy profited from
this thorny situation and its government
ability to maintain ambiguity throughout
the war the Swiss National Bank bought
tons of gold from wartime Germany
effectively pumping funds into the
German war machine in today's money it
is estimated that Switzerland bought 1.7
billion US dollars of German gold which
if you recall is less than a third of
the value of gold indirectly acquired
from Russia Today this helped replenish
German gold reserves and allowed the
Swiss franc to become the only freely
exchangeable major currency throughout
the war in turn the Swiss currency and
the collaboration of Swiss financial
institutions may have allowed big
companies on the Allies side to buy has
sanctions on the axis allowing further
trade lesions with Germany and Italy I
should dig deeper into the conduct of
Swiss banks you find extensive use of
the country's Infamous banking secrecy
laws which were strengthened in the
1930s and only abolished in 2014. much
of the gold acquired from the German bad
guys and the cash flowing into Swiss
banks were later found to come from
conqueror territories wealth confiscated
from families or even the coins and
jewelry taken from concentration camp
victims claiming the unprovability of
the Gold's origin Swiss banks refused to
return the majority of the gold to the
Allies after the war only seeding 12
percent of the total accumulated wealth
in the 1946 Washington agreement what's
different today is that the Swiss are
not continuing to buy gold from Russia
they are merely purchasing pre-war
Russian gold from the UK one might say
that it was English money that
effectively financed the war in Ukraine
while Switzerland is just profiting from
it by repaying the UK on the other hand
the thought of a Nation thriving off
other countries troubles understandably
makes some heads Shake while the
controversial role that Swiss
institutions played in World War II is
much debated Switzerland's price
neutrality has had a few notable and
problematic exceptions over the years in
2005 researchers discovered that despite
officially condemning the racist
apartheid regime from 1963 to 1968 trade
between Swiss and South African
companies continued until the end of the
Cold War but it gets much much worse
than that starting in the 70s the Swiss
effectively exported highly sensitive
technology to the apartheid regime that
actively supported the construction of
its six nuclear bombs in deals
officially struck by private companies
but actually backed by the Swiss secret
services today secret missions hiding
behind the unsuspecting mask of Swiss
companies appeared to still be active
tactics of the Swiss intelligence
service in 2018 crypto AG a
Communications encryption firm low
located in the heart of Switzerland
appears to have sold the coding
equipment to countries including Iran
India and Pakistan with modifications to
allow the CIA and German secret services
to break the encrypted Communications of
these Target States
but one of the most controversial parts
of Swiss nationality is weapon exports
thanks to a single rule Switzerland can
make their neutral diplomatic stunts
suddenly more flexible you see according
to the Swiss neutrality policy
Switzerland is allowed to sell arms and
military vehicles to any country provide
the country is not involved in any open
conflicts this also includes a
Prohibition on selling weapons to
countries that intend to re-export them
to Warring States for instance while
Switzerland has officially endorsed
virtually all the sanctions imposed by
the West on Russia for the invasion of
Ukraine the Swiss government refuses to
send weapons to Ukraine directly or even
sell weapons to any country intending to
later send them to Ukraine despite this
formal rigidity in practice the Swiss
are quite capable of finding ways to
deliver weapons wherever they want to
while the Swiss Parliament vetoed a
proposed exception to the neutrality
policy last year that would have allowed
Germany to re-export Swiss ammunitions
and battle tanks to Ukraine the
government easily got around this by
selling 25 if there per tanks to Germany
to officially substitute those
previously sent to Ukraine this
fractures once more how Switzerland can
cherry-pick the application of its
neutrality policy which some people
might see as problematic just recently
in 2015 Switzerland effectively sold
spare parts of air defense systems
fighter jets and battle tanks to Saudi
Arabia Egypt Bahrain and the UAE that is
despite the fact that they were all
involved in the war in Yemen a conflict
that at the time had been going on for
four years already with no sign of
relief while technically not active
weapons these sales could still account
as effective support to an ongoing
International conflict in the same way
in 2003 Switzerland allowed U.S military
forces to enter Swiss Aerospace
officially for humanitarian and medical
flights but also it seems to facilitate
surveillance missions over Iraq in
preparation for the upcoming invasion of
the country all in all this covert
activity means good business to put
things into perspective in 2020 Swiss
company is exported around
965 million dollars worth of military
goods making Switzerland the seventh
largest exporter of weapons in the wild
this means that Switzerland made up 0.7
percent of all International military
trade which is quite impressive for a
country of just 9 million inhabitants
once you consider that the first five
exporters represented 62 percent of the
total not to mention the fact that the
Swiss have refused to fight anymore
themselves for over 200 years All Things
Considered Switzerland is pretty unique
in its ability to build such a
distinctive diplomatic character and
uphold its neutrality throughout all the
wars of the modern era this is
guaranteed peace and prosperity for the
Swiss and indeed allowed the country to
become a safe haven for war refugees
around Europe and quite often an
effective International Arbiter to
Foster World Peace but neutrality comes
at a price that can sometimes be
ethically controversial so what do you
think of all this leave a comment down
below but that's it for this video
thanks for watching and I'll see you in
the next one
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