Grade 11, session 1: biodiversity: microorganisms and related disease
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Sarah, a biomedical engineering student, debunks the myth of her age while sharing her passion for biology. She dives into the world of microorganisms, exploring viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi, explaining their structures, life cycles, and roles in ecosystems and diseases. Sarah's enthusiasm for the subject is evident as she breaks down complex biological concepts, making them accessible and engaging for her audience.
Takeaways
- 🎓 Sarah, the tutor, has a background in biomedical engineering and is passionate about biology, particularly its application to living organisms.
- 🧬 She emphasizes the importance of understanding the basics of biology from high school to better grasp complex concepts in university.
- 🦠 Viruses are described as parasites that require a host to survive and replicate, lacking the characteristics of a living organism.
- 🔬 The script covers different types of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi, and their roles in the environment and diseases.
- 🌿 Bacteria are highlighted for their diverse roles, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria that are beneficial for plants, and E. coli which aids in digestion and vitamin synthesis.
- 🍄 Fungi are presented as essential for processes like decomposition and as sources of beneficial substances like penicillin.
- 🤧 Influenza is discussed as a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by viruses, which can be transmitted through respiratory droplets.
- 💊 Tuberculosis is identified as a bacterial disease primarily affecting the lungs, which is treatable with medication if caught early.
- 🌡 Malaria is a disease caused by protists and transmitted by mosquitoes, affecting red blood cells and causing symptoms like fever and chills.
- 🦶 Athlete's foot is a fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet, treatable with antifungal creams or oral medication.
- 🌱 The script concludes with an inspirational message about turning ideas into reality through imagination, belief, and hard work.
Q & A
Who is the presenter of the 'Tutor Box Live' session?
-The presenter of the 'Tutor Box Live' session is Sarah.
What is Sarah's educational background according to the script?
-Sarah studied biomedical engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand and is currently in her fourth year.
What does Sarah express a strong interest in studying?
-Sarah expresses a strong interest in studying biology, particularly the processes that occur within living organisms and how they interact.
What is the main purpose of Sarah's 'Tutor Box Live' session?
-The main purpose of Sarah's 'Tutor Box Live' session is to help clarify concepts in biology, focusing on biodiversity, microorganisms, their roles in the environment, symbiotic relationships, and their relation to diseases.
What are the general characteristics of a virus as described by Sarah?
-According to Sarah, a virus is a parasite that is specific to its host, causes many kinds of diseases, and needs a host to survive and replicate its DNA.
What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria?
-Autotrophic bacteria can produce their own energy through photosynthesis or chemical reactions, while heterotrophic bacteria need to obtain food from other living or dead organic matter.
What are the three types of symbiotic relationships mentioned by Sarah?
-The three types of symbiotic relationships mentioned by Sarah are commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the environment?
-Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that living organisms can use, such as nitrates, which plants can absorb and use to create proteins and enzymes.
What are the symptoms of influenza as described in the script?
-The symptoms of influenza include coughing, fever, tiredness or fatigue, headaches, and a runny nose.
How is malaria transmitted from person to person?
-Malaria is transmitted from person to person through the bite of a mosquito that has previously bitten an infected person.
What is athlete's foot and how can it be treated?
-Athlete's foot is a fungal infection that affects the skin, particularly between the toes. It can be treated with topical antifungal creams, and in severe cases, oral antifungal medication.
Outlines
🎓 Introduction to the Science Tutor
Sarah, the tutor, introduces herself as a biomedical engineering student at the University of the Witwatersrand, debunking the myth that she is 14 years old. She expresses her passion for biology, particularly the intricate processes within living organisms. Sarah's motivation for tutoring stems from her past struggles with the subject in high school, which she aims to help students overcome by focusing on foundational concepts that build upon each other from high school to university level.
🦠 Understanding Viruses and Their Characteristics
This paragraph delves into the nature of viruses, highlighting their parasitic behavior and specificity to certain hosts. Viruses are described as non-living organisms that require a host cell to replicate, injecting their genetic material into the host's nucleus. The summary also touches on the debate about whether viruses are living organisms and their role in causing diseases, such as the common cold and more recently, COVID-19.
🌿 Exploring Bacterial Relationships and Structures
The third paragraph examines the different types of bacteria, their survival preferences, and basic cellular structures. It discusses autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria, including photosynthetic and chemo synthetic bacteria, and their roles in the ecosystem. The paragraph also covers various symbiotic relationships bacteria can have with other organisms, such as commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism, providing examples like bacteria in the human digestive tract and parasitic bacteria causing disease.
🌿🍄 Diving into Protists and Fungi
This section introduces protists and fungi, discussing their need for aquatic or damp environments and their basic structures, which include a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleoid where DNA is located. It differentiates between autotrophic and heterotrophic protists and fungi, and their modes of reproduction, primarily asexual. Examples of protists like algae and fungi such as mushrooms and yeast are given, along with a brief mention of the discovery of penicillin from fungi.
🍞 Fungus Growth and Its Impact
The script describes the life cycle and growth of a fungus, specifically Rhizopus, using the example of mold growing on bread. It explains the structure of the fungus, including the sporangium, stolon, and rhizoids, and how spores are released to spread and grow on new substrates. A video by G phase is recommended for a visual understanding of the fungus's growth and structure.
😂 Humorous Break and Educational Content
During a short break, viewers are encouraged to watch an educational yet humorous video about bacteria posted by Jeff Simmons. The video features a humorous portrayal of the bacterium Campylobacter, illustrating how it multiplies in the human body under favorable conditions.
🤧 Diseases Caused by Microorganisms
This paragraph discusses various diseases caused by microorganisms, including influenza caused by viruses, tuberculosis and other diseases caused by bacteria, and malaria caused by protists. It explains the transmission, symptoms, and treatment options for each disease, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and management to prevent severe outcomes or death.
🦶 Athlete's Foot and Its Treatment
The final paragraph of the script addresses athlete's foot, a fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet. It describes how the infection is contracted, its symptoms, and the treatment options available, such as topical antifungal creams and oral medications for more severe cases.
🚀 The Power of Imagination and Belief
In a motivational closing, the script encourages viewers to use their imagination to envision their future, believe in the possibilities, and take action to make their dreams a reality. It acknowledges the challenges and the need to develop oneself, emphasizing the importance of making mistakes and creating one's own rules to redefine what is possible.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Biomedical Engineering
💡Biodiversity
💡Virus
💡Symbiotic Relationships
💡Bacteria
💡Protists
💡Fungi
💡Influenza
💡Tuberculosis
💡Malaria
💡Athlete's Foot
Highlights
Introduction of Sarah as a live science tutor with a passion for biology and biomedical engineering.
Sarah's educational background in biomedical engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand.
The importance of understanding biology from a cellular level to complex organisms.
Sarah's motivation to tutor stems from her own high school struggles with biology.
The significance of studying the little things in biology for a strong foundation.
Overview of biodiversity and the study of microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi.
Definition and characteristics of a virus as a non-living parasite.
Explanation of the life cycle and replication process of a virus within a host.
Types of symbiotic relationships: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
Role of bacteria in the human digestive system and their mutualistic benefits.
Characteristics of bacteria including their autotrophic and heterotrophic lifestyles.
The structure and survival needs of protists, including their aquatic habitat preference.
Fungi as decomposers in ecosystems and their role in disease and antibiotic production.
Explanation of the structure of a fungus and the process of spore release and growth.
Humorous video on bacteria highlighting their rapid multiplication under favorable conditions.
Discussion on diseases caused by microorganisms, including influenza, tuberculosis, malaria, and athlete's foot.
Importance of early diagnosis and treatment for diseases like influenza to prevent severe outcomes.
Malaria's life cycle within a host and the symptoms experienced during infection.
Preventive measures and treatments for diseases caused by microorganisms.
Inspirational closing message encouraging viewers to imagine, believe, and work towards their dreams.
Emphasis on the power of ideas, imagination, and the role of mistakes in achieving success.
Transcripts
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hey guys my name is Sarah and I'm
toolboxes live science tutor welcome to
tutor box live in conjunction with Kovac
nineteen cache obsession let me just
tell you a little bit about myself first
of all I am NOT fourteen other people
think I am 14 they say that little 14
but trust me I am NOT 14 I am an old
lady but I am a kid at heart
um I studied biomedical engineering at
the University of the Witwatersrand or
all the gist bits and this year is my
fourth year mm-hmm it's been a journey
guys it's been real um so why I decided
to do this well I love biology you know
like just from the smallest thing of
like you know a cell coming into this
large living organism like it's just so
interesting to study it's so ancient
interesting study like you know all
these processes and stuff like that that
like you know happen on living organisms
most do something on living organisms
stuff will be here but I'm more into it
with living organisms just like Luke
needs and things but you know how they
breathe how they move how they talk and
interact and always kind of stuff like
it's just like you know it makes me like
you know wonder how do we do these
things why do we do these things you
know what is like you know the
connecting factor that like you know
results in this so all these kind of
biological things I enjoy and like you
know it is a part of my degree
biomedical engineering you know and just
like a lot of these like wonderful
biological works just like you know it
just represents like you know what God
has done in us so I'm happy for that I
decided to to to biology because I was
once upon a time in your shoes I used to
struggle when I was like you know in
high school and I never like you know
got the box and I wanted to get and I
just didn't understand why until like um
when I was studying it in university and
I just like noticed like the little
things that um I should have known like
you know from in high school and like if
I know those little things I was like
you know would have gotten better
so we've done better like in all my
years so my problem was is that I didn't
pay attention like you know to the
things that were done and stuff like
that like I used to take things for
granted but fear not because I am here
for you now we are going to get rid of
those like you know negative thoughts
about biology we're going to study like
you know the little things because
biology adds on from great end reliving
from 11 to 12 and from grade 12 and to
like you know university it always like
you know piled on so I'm here to help
clarify the little things you don't
understand okay so what we're going to
take a look at is biodiversity we're
going to do a vision on microorganisms
such as viruses bacteria protists and
fungi and then also we're going to look
at what role they play in the
environment and we're going to go look
at some symbiotic relationships and also
relate to diseases
okay so a virus basically what it is is
a parasite okay
never forget it's a parasite so viruses
need a location to survive okay so it it
can only like survive in another like
host in another living cell okay and
that's because it's not really a living
organism if we can put it that way and
it's like that because of its
characteristics it doesn't have a
nucleus they have mitochondria doesn't
have ribosomes doesn't have like a fact
have all of the necessary organelles
that will classify it as in living
organism yet some sciences are still
arguing that maybe it's not nothing but
it's kind of like an in-between state
but for now just now the virus is a
cellular and we consider to be a non
living organism okay general
characteristics a virus is a parasite a
parasite that is your one guaranteed
mark of parasites okay
they are very specific with their host
okay they like don't just go into any
kind of like you know sound living
organism and just reproduce itself no no
no no I mean like just think about all
the viruses that like you know we know
of like there are thousands thousands of
like viruses I'm pretty sure we would
have all been dead if a virus was not
specific with regards to its host so
yeah what else is it they cause many
kinds of diseases so Corona and and
viruses they need a host in order to
have like you know their DNA replicated
so in order for reproduction to occur
with them they need a host but basically
what it does is that it injects its um
what he called its genetic information
into another living organism more
specifically the nucleus and it replaces
the nucleus of that living organism with
its DNA and then its DNA gets replicated
its proteins get made everything like
you know that it's in code for it gets
me so my even like you know just make
another virus out like you know the way
that it is that will produce go and
infect another living organism and do
the same do the same do the same okay so
here we have our virus at once along and
find a living organism to do its DNA
replication so it will inject its DNA
into this living organism and then a
shower will die its DNA will replace the
DNA of the living organism and then that
little organism is going to create
proteins going to replicate the it's
going to do whatever the virus is in a
state that it should do a symbiotic
relationship it's just basically how to
living organisms are able to like relate
with each other in love with each other
okay so we have three types
we got commensalism parasitic and
mutualistic so commensalism is just
basically when this so be talking about
bacteria here means please
being specific with regards to bacteria
so this bacteria will be able to feed
off its hosts little potatoes do
whatever and it will benefits but it
will not harm the host that's it okay
mutualistic is that this bacteria will
be able to feed up the host and it and
in it feeding off of its host its host
gets benefits like you know from
whatever that is doing on it okay and
parasitic I'm not sure if I have to
define this for you but parasitic just
means that the bacteria will get its
food will get whatever it once from its
host but it will also harm the host okay
yeah I'll just give you an example of
like two of the relationships so
mutualistic we have some mutualistic
bacteria on us and also in us so more
specifically like we have bacteria in
our digestive tract so what they
basically do is that they help to break
down like you know some of the food that
wasn't able to be digested by your own
stomach in the instance tyne so what it
does that it helps you by breaking down
those that food and then it gets that
food okay
and parasitic well you know and an
example of a parasitic bacteria would be
teeny
okay so the next living organism is the
bacteria okay
bacteria are bigger you can see them
underneath the microscope but you still
can't really see them the naked eye so
y'all um the locational survival where
bacteria need to be in order to live
take a look anywhere anywhere but they
also do prefer places that are dark and
moist okay
their basic structure there like I've
said before they are the smallest
organelles which you can also still see
them underneath the microscope and they
are unicellular so mean that they are
made out of one cell type just one so
there are no difference whatsoever just
one
okay and they have a cell wall they have
some membrane they got a cytoplasm they
got ribosomes they have DNA but no
nucleus their DNA is just confined in
the certain like you know location in it
so and we call that area the nucleoid
okay and it has a little flagellum so it
can move around and swim in places okay
so the general characteristics of
bacteria so basically there are two
types of bacteria you have autotrophic
bacteria and you have heterotrophic
bacteria so autotrophic just take the
first four liters of o2 off autotrophic
otto and think about like you know
something that's automatic right so
something that's automatic is able to do
something without like you know a
required stimulus from outside okay so
it decides like you know that it's going
to do something by itself okay so there
are two types of autotrophic bacteria
you have your photosynthetic bacteria
and you have your chemo synthetic
bacteria so basically photosynthetic you
know what photosynthesis is if it has
chlorophyll it will be able to
photosynthesize and it'll be able to
produce energy of its own but if it's
chemo since chemo synthetic basically
it's just going to gain its energy from
chemical reactions like maybe from
breaking down some food or something
that that it obtains in its body
so yeah chemosynthetic so with that kind
of bacteria it just basically gets its
energy from like chemical reactions that
take place in its body okay and then
afters we have heterotrophic
heterotrophic means that they need to
obtain food from other matter within
living or dead is so there are three
types of heterotrophic bacteria we have
parasitic saprotrophic and mutualistic
so saprotrophic bacteria are the type of
bacteria that feed on dead matter
so hands i say it like you know either
living or dead heterotrophic can feed on
both so yeah
okay next up our protest can you believe
that plankton from SpongeBob SquarePants
is actually approaches nanana oh well I
don't know available but still I never
knew I never thought about that
okay so protests basically they need
aquatic areas to survive or just damp
soil to survive okay
their basic structure is that they are
unicellular and some of them can be
multicellular but the ones that are
multicellular on macroscopic
so mean that you can see them with the
naked eye unicellular would be the tiny
one so those are microscopic so an
example of a macroscopic protest would
be algae okay you can see those
everywhere in the river
not even in the rivers okay um they all
have a cell wall cell membrane cytoplasm
ribosomes DNA that is concentrated in a
specific area and we call that a
nucleoid and they also have a legitimate
very similar to bacteria it's just that
they like aquatic areas so their general
characters current characteristics is
that they'll also hit your topic some of
them are autotrophic okay so their
general characteristics so also like the
bacteria they can either be hydrophobic
or autotrophic and they reproduce
asexually
so do bacteria so do viruses but yeah
then examples of them would be mosses
algae protozoans you know so by that a
lot of these things you find in damp
places or aquatic places okay last but
not least funky
so funky needs to survive unlike the
soil or like on dead matter so have you
guys ever seen like after it rains for a
few days and on your lawns or like
someone else's lawn or wherever just
grassy areas okay
you'll find these little white mushrooms
that are busy popping up yeah those are
all
bangee and those ones are very dangerous
do not cut chips out of dangerous but
anyways so similar basic structure so I
titled the similar basic structure
because there are different types of
funky like there's so many so these are
like the similar characteristics between
all of these different types of funky so
they have a cell wall and most of them
are multicellular some of them are
unicellular like yeast so funky refugees
by means of sports and you can see how
different they are from the virus from
the bacteria from the protests where
they all do asexual reproduction so for
your homework I want you to tell me why
you think that this is such why do they
oracle reproduce by means of sports okay
and some examples of funghi would be
mushrooms yeast ringworms
the type of ones that like caused
athlete's foot you know and you can also
get those molds that like you know form
on food and another thing is that
science is like you know before like way
long ago they found a way like you know
to make an antibiotic like you know
using this kind of funky so they called
this fungi penicillin no Tunde okay and
it's just an antibiotic that it's just
used to treat some bacterial infections
okay so let's just draw out the
structure of a Rizzo purse fungus
okay so let's cool so I'm going to add
into these last three sporangium I'm
gonna make it look like a transition way
it's like little a lot and then also as
it causes the sporangium to burst open
okay so now let's just say that this
rose opus was going on what it called
bread riots and slice of bread what's
gonna happen is how this thing spreads
is that this one spot over here maybe
like you know multiple of them but let's
just concentrate on one of them that's
gonna land on the bread and then up to
us it's going to start growing and
multiply so it's gonna start with the
roots and it's gonna what do you call it
growth style on and stuff like that and
then create like another okay so now
we're going to label the structure okay
so we will start off with this this is
called the sporangium that holds the
spores inside it then I'll label the
stems and already called inverted commas
as perennial fours
sporangia for then the roots are called
resides and then the thing that I
circled is known as spool and lastly the
thing that connects these two structures
is called a stolen alright so what we're
gonna look at now is a cool but not cool
video of fungus growing on bread so this
fungus is known as the MS opus and this
video was done by G phase so what I like
about it is that like how this person
focus on certain parts of the fungus
that was growing on the bread and like
you can see the structure of the fungus
like you know as it grows as it spreads
and stuff like that so on just give it a
quick watch and yeah enjoy
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you
okay guys so now we're going to head up
into our break
Misha's little short four minute break
during this break I'd like to I'd like
you guys to keep watch this video it was
posted by Jeff Simmons
it's about bacteria and I find it very
humorous well my friend think I have a
very best in tequila but just watch it
anyways it's funny it's educational it's
about bacteria and then otherwise you
can enjoy your break if you have any
questions please can you post them down
in the comment section below and I'll be
sure to answer them thanks guys
hi i'm i'm Campylobacter and i'm a
pathogen have you been doing this week
well it started off okay but i got on
some kids fingers and then i got into a
stomach and then i was in as kind of gut
and I I just couldn't help myself I just
I started started multiplying right
we're not here to judge tell us what
happened did you try the exercises I did
I tried the breathing exercises it
didn't really work really well I tried I
tried I tried to stop myself multiplying
I tried but I just couldn't
what happened key term what happened
okay well when I'm in a place that's
more instant
and I'm so lonely I could cry
through satellite TV
I start to multiply given conditions
that are favorable every 20 minutes we
will sub
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we're gong to multiply through your body
will multiply exponentially will
colonize your intestine will make just
simple like you know
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okay I just decided to watch the video
because it's so funny I love it okay so
anyways we're gonna continue on to the
next section we're going to look at the
diseases that these microorganisms
course
so we'll start off with the virus
influenza influenza is a highly
infectious disease of the respiratory
tract and basically like you know how it
starts off and how it spread is that it
comes from different kinds of like
strange of viruses so these chains like
you know caused by mutations and
basically how it spreads is that if a
person is infected with this and maybe
like you know they caught or they share
like you know like exchange saliva with
somebody else like you know by means I'm
sharing a cup or what can I say sharing
a spoon or something like that then the
virus can spread into the other person
so the main function of bacteria well
two functions that will focus on we're
going to be looking at nitrogen-fixing
bacteria and e-coli that we find in our
human in society so basically what
nitrogen fixing bacteria do is that so
we have nitrogen free nitrogen that is
like you know in the atmosphere and
basically plants they use up the
nitrogen that is found in the soil so
what the bacteria in the soil do is that
they are able to convert nitrogen into
nitrate and nitrate is a type of it's
another form of nitrogen that's living
organisms are able to use so that
nitrate can be taken up by the plants
and not not be used in their cellular
processes like you know it will be able
to create proteins and enzymes and
whatever else in action is needed to do
in this house now bacteria does this all
at a cost they obtain carbohydrates from
the plants and they give all my children
or all the nitrates to the plants so
yeah and e-coli and human in science
basically like I've explained before we
have bacteria that are far enough into
science what they do is that they break
down the food that pecan digest and in
them breaking it down they can give some
food as paint so they're also able to
like synthesize vitamin B vitamin D and
vitamin K for our own use so here we
have an infected person let's call this
guy Bob Bob has influenza now what
happens is
Bob cops and some of the he saliva like
you know comes out his mouth as he pops
the droplets now the droplets contained
the virus and this tier of poor little
virus cannot survive for long on the
outside hence it needs to find a living
organism in order to survive now let's
just say Bob has a wife her name is Bob
Lena Bob Lena happens to walk past him
while Bob is coughing now as she is dead
breathing in the same and he has coughed
in she can get infected by this virus
now cool Bob Lena will have symptoms of
coughing fever tiredness or fatigue she
has the trolls she could be I'm
suffering from terrible headaches and
lastly she could have like a very runny
nose essentially people that have low
immunity such as it could be like you
know the LGB or even young children they
could be more susceptible to getting
infected by this virus so management to
treatment of this influenza virus could
include getting bed rest
drinking extra fluids and taking pain
medication so you can use because I can
I just for like a symptom of the child
like people shiver a lot and stuff so it
causes like a lot of tension on the
muscles when this happens so pain
medication can help with the muscle
tension that they experience and also
like you know the headaches so this
virus it can be cured if it is
manageable if a person is not like you
know diagnosed soon enough then it could
lead to death so next we'll look at T V
so tuberculosis is a bacterial disease
that infects that mostly infects the
lungs it can affect other tissues in the
body but we mostly focus on its effects
on the legs
okay so say we have a man did you say
this is Bob's brother Bob Dylan and he
happens to be in an area that is
infected with tuberculosis like the a
because maybe someone with TB had like
cottony a and he happens to like to know
breathin disinfectant air now that
bacteria is going to enter and sit
around in his lungs now the symptoms
that Bob Dylan is going to the
experience would be weakness weight loss
loss of appetite I mean even the golden
heels don't even make him hungry Wow
and he could also experience sweating at
night and also remember I told you that
TB can like no affect other parts of the
body but who only gonna be concentrate
on the lungs so basically if like you
know the bacteria gets so bad in the
lungs then he could end up like you know
with getting bad pops where he's going
to end up like you know coughing blood
or like coughing out a sputum you know
and he'll also experience chest pains
from all this coughing so TB is a
curable disease
so if Bob didn't were to get prescribed
medicine for his disease
then it would be able to like first of
all prevent the spread of the disease
from him going on to other people
so whoever that like you know cops and
Aaron Baughman was visiting did not any
responsible thing by taking his
medication so it can prevent the spread
and it'll also cure him TB is a curable
disease next up we have the disease
called malaria so malaria is a protest
related disease so what this disease
does it is bad
it affects your red blood cells and your
liver cells so basically what it causes
them to do is that it causes them to
lice and member lice means to burst so
here we have a little girl let's just
call her Bob Nisha
so Bob Nisha is the daughter of Bob Bob
Nisha stays in a merry invested tropical
area here she is just minding her
business now here is a mosquito more
specifically a female mosquito
mosquitoes have the ability to carry
this malaria disease because they have
an immunity against it so mean that like
they won't be affected by its own cords
it's it's its nature so basically what
the mosquito does or rather how this
malaria I transmitted from person to
person if a person is infected with
malaria and the mosquito bites that
person or scrubber sucks blood from that
person and then goes to another person
who isn't infected and sucks back from
them then they'll be the ones that are
going to get infected with this malaria
disease
now witness as poor Bob nation gets
bitten by this mosquito okay so let's
look a bit closer as to like you know
what happens to Bob Nisha when this when
Sheila comes and things with malaria so
here's a blood vessel and this is the
plasma that you know that runs inside so
basically what happens is when the
mosquito comes along and it like you
know bites a person or they should say
that like just for that um non-format
it's you safe I'm gonna say it's gonna
bite the person so when it does that it
splits into the person and it's the
library that contains this the protest
this malaria protest it yeah it spreads
like you know into the person so now
what's gonna happen is that this malaria
is gonna spread through the person and
then the mosquito would have gotten its
blood and it's gonna fly off and live
its best life whilst the person is going
to stay along and suffer with this
disease so malaria has different phases
in a person okay so what happens is when
it is injected into the person from the
mosquito that protesters at that stage
is known as a sporozoites so now these
forms the lights they travel through the
bloodstream and it gets into the liver
when it gets to another it populates the
liver cells by reproducing asexually
when they reproduce asexually they then
become or like not develop into mirrors
or lights so these Mary's going to come
so much into the south and of course
another sound to lice and when it does
slice it like you know becomes free from
these liver cells and then afterwards it
then travels into the bloodstream now
these mirrors are white they into the
bloodstream and then they what they do
is that they infect the red blood cells
so when they get into red blood cells
they reproduce asexually again and then
they populate them and once they
populate them they cause the red blood
cells to lyse so now once this happened
to multiple red blood cells then this is
when the person starts to like you know
experience the symptoms of malaria so
these symptoms could include headaches
fever the sweating the chills
the muscular pains because of chores
like you know diarrhea and nausea yeah
so this is like you know when a person
is in a deeper stage of malaria so
malaria is treatable if you are able to
catch it earlier on but the best advice
would be for people that really don't
stay in malaria infected areas so the
best advice would be to take medication
that would prevent you from getting
malaria and then off to us like you'll
be able to get into these areas okay so
last but not least we have athlete's
foot so at these foot is just basically
a fungal infection that like you know
affects the skin especially between the
fourth and the fifth toes so this is a
fungus that will grow on your feet
you can get this from like stepping on
to funghi or from like you know sharing
socks with a person who has like you
know at least foot so the symptoms can
include itching like silly agent between
the toes under foot and it can also
include the scaling of the skin but
there's some good news athlete's foot
can be treated with topical antifungal
creams and if it has like you know
advanced to an extreme or like severe
stage then you gotta have to take some
oral antifungal medication okay guys
that's it from my side thank you so much
for tuning in to this to tofox live in
conjunction with Koba 19 ketchup session
I hope that it was very informative I
hope that you understand like you know
the little pieces I'll be talking about
and basically do the exercises and we
provide for you if you have any
questions then I'll be able to answer
them just put them down in the comment
section below and yeah hope to see you
soon thanks guys
[Music]
[Applause]
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
you
it's not a matter of whether or not we
can everybody can but not everybody will
[Music]
how to turn nothing into something
how tangible are ideas and imagination
[Music]
ideas that become so powerful in your
mind and your consciousness they seem
real to you even before they become
tangible imagination that is so strong
that you can actually see it you can
actually see it if somebody cannot see
it when it is not here then it will
never be here start looking into the
future of what you would like to
accomplish where you would like to go
the person you would like to be decide
what you want and then act as if you
already had it and that is to believe
that what you imagined is possible for
you so the first step is to imagine
what's possible second step to believe
now here's the third step and that is to
go to work and make it real you now go
to work and make it a movement you make
it tangible you make it viable you
breathe life into it and then you
construct it you have a lot to offer the
fact that you're still here means that
your business is not through yet people
don't do what they know in life but what
they do is they operate within the
context of the vision they have of
themselves so right and draw and build
and play and dance and live as only you
can make up your own rules the rules on
what is possible and impossible who made
by people who had not tested the bounds
of the possible by going beyond them you
must change what's possible for you
you and only you are the subject that
impacts a burning desire in your
imagination you are living and feeling
as if your future dreams are a present
fact will it be easy no will it be
challenging yes so you got to prepare
yourself you've got to develop yourself
long as you're breathing you got some
more work to do there's something else
for you to achieve guess what you're
gonna make some mistakes you'll make a
lot of mistakes so now go and make
interesting mistakes like amazing
mistakes make glorious and fantastic
mistakes break rules leave the world
more interesting for your being here
make good art it is possible to start
with nothing and become something
[Music]
you
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