CARA EKSTRAKSI DENGAN METODE REFLUKS

Summary

This video explains the process of extracting compounds from mahogany bark using a reflux method. The process includes sample preparation by blending and reducing the size of the bark, followed by the addition of methanol. The sample is then subjected to reflux for around 1.5 hours at 50°C. After cooling, the extract is filtered and moved to a rotary evaporator for solvent removal. The video demonstrates the steps with clear instructions on equipment usage and addresses challenges like bumping during evaporation, ensuring a thorough extraction process.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script explains the extraction process of mahogany tree bark using a reflux method.
• 😀 The main sample used for extraction is mahogany tree bark, and methanol is used as the solvent.
• 😀 Equipment required includes a reflux setup, round-bottom flask, condenser, stative, klem, glass funnel, and a blender.
• 😀 The bark sample is first reduced in size by blending or chopping to ease the extraction process.
• 😀 The sample is placed in the round-bottom flask with a few boiling stones, followed by the addition of methanol to about 3/4 of the flask.
• 😀 The round-bottom flask is connected to the condenser, and the setup is heated to 50°C for approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes in the lab.
• 😀 After extraction, the system is allowed to cool before disassembling the reflux apparatus.
• 😀 The extracted liquid is then transferred into a dark bottle to protect the substance from light.
• 😀 The extraction concentrate undergoes a concentration process using a rotary evaporator to remove the solvent.
• 😀 The rotary evaporator setup involves adjusting the temperature to 50°C and ensuring the correct handling of bumping (sudden boiling) by adjusting the pressure.
• 😀 The rotary evaporator continuously distills off the solvent until it's completely separated from the extract.

Q & A

What is the main objective of the experiment described in the script?

The main objective is to explain and demonstrate the extraction process of mahogany tree bark using the reflux method.

Which extraction method is used in this experiment?

The extraction method used is the reflux extraction method.

What sample material is used for the extraction?

The sample material used is the bark of the mahogany tree.

What solvent is used during the extraction process?

Methanol solution is used as the solvent for the extraction.

What laboratory equipment is required for the reflux extraction setup?

The equipment includes a round-bottom flask, condenser, heating mantle, stand and clamp, blender, and glass funnel.

Why is the sample size reduced before extraction?

The sample size is reduced to facilitate easier insertion into the flask and to increase the surface area for more efficient extraction.

Why are boiling stones added into the round-bottom flask?

Boiling stones are added to prevent bumping and ensure smooth boiling during the heating process.

What temperature and duration are used for the reflux process?

The reflux process is conducted at 50°C. The theoretical duration is 8 hours, but in the laboratory practice, it is carried out for 1 hour and 30 minutes.

What is the purpose of using a rotary evaporator after extraction?

The rotary evaporator is used to concentrate the extract by removing the solvent, resulting in a thicker extract.

Why is VCO (virgin coconut oil) applied to the flask before mounting it on the rotary evaporator?

VCO is applied to ensure a proper seal and smooth rotation, preventing leaks and improving efficiency.

What is bumping, and how is it handled during evaporation?

Bumping is sudden violent boiling that can cause splashing. It is handled by slowly releasing the gas pressure using the control valve.

How is the extracted liquid transferred into the rotary evaporator during operation?

The liquid is transferred using a tube connected to one end of the apparatus, and the valve is opened slowly to allow the extract to be drawn into the flask.