FIQIH KELAS 12 Kaidah Amr dan Nahi

Summary

This lecture on 'Ushul Fiqh' delves into the principles of *Amr* (command) and *Nahi* (prohibition) in Islamic jurisprudence. The speaker explains the linguistic and grammatical forms of these concepts, referencing Qur'anic verses and legal precedents. *Amr* is associated with instructions or commands, while *Nahi* relates to prohibitions, both of which have specific rules in Islamic law. The session highlights various forms of these commands and prohibitions, offering insights into how they are implemented in practice and how they guide ethical and legal behavior in Islam.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of 'Amr' (command) refers to an order from a superior to an inferior, urging them to carry out an action that cannot be refused.
• 😀 'Amr' can be expressed using different forms, such as using a verb (Fi'il Amr), the imperative mood, or by using nouns (Isim Fi'il Amr).
• 😀 Examples of 'Amr' in the Quran, such as in Surah An-Nisa, highlight how commands are given to individuals or groups using the appropriate grammatical forms.
• 😀 Commands can be given in the form of a verb (Fi'il Amr), or with the use of the present tense verb (Fi'il Mudhori) preceded by 'lam' to convey imperative meanings.
• 😀 'Amr' can also be expressed using 'Isim Fi'il', where an imperative action is understood through context without an explicit verb.
• 😀 The principle 'Asusila Amril Wujud' implies that commands, in general, indicate an obligatory action and must be followed unless there is a specific exception.
• 😀 Commands may also be given in a form that was previously prohibited, where the reversal of a prohibition signifies permission.
• 😀 The default assumption about commands ('Aslu fil Amri') is that they do not require immediate action unless specified, such as the case with Hajj, which can be fulfilled at any time in life.
• 😀 Commands generally do not require repetition, unless there is a specific reason or context indicating a recurring necessity, such as the requirement for prayer five times daily.
• 😀 'Nahi' (prohibition) implies leaving something forbidden, with specific grammatical markers used to indicate a prohibition, such as 'la' or 'haram'. It generally implies something that should be avoided at all times.
• 😀 The principle 'Aslu fil Nahi' suggests that prohibitions are absolute and should be avoided without exception, such as prohibitions against actions like theft, murder, and drinking alcohol.

Q & A

What is the meaning of Amr in Islamic jurisprudence?

Amr refers to a command or order from a higher authority to a lower one, instructing the lower authority to perform a certain task that cannot be refused.

What is the grammatical form of Amr?

The grammatical form of Amr can be expressed using the imperative verb (fi'il amar) or through the use of a derived form such as the verb preceded by 'lam' or a noun that indicates an action.

What are some examples of Amr in the Qur'an?

Examples from the Qur'an include 'Wa atuhum' (give them), which is an imperative command, and 'fakulu' (eat), which is a direct command to a group.

What does the rule 'asusila Amril wujud' state about the obligation of Amr?

The rule 'asusila Amril wujud' states that when a command is given, it is generally considered obligatory and must be carried out. Refusing to follow such commands is a sin.

What is the meaning of Nahi in Islamic jurisprudence?

Nahi refers to a prohibition or command to refrain from doing something, typically coming from a higher authority to a lower one.

How is Nahi expressed in Arabic?

Nahi is expressed using verbs in the present tense (fi'il mudhori) preceded by 'la' (such as 'la takul' – do not eat) or using words that imply prohibition, such as 'harama' (forbidden).

What does the rule 'al-ashlu fil nasyit Tahrim' imply about the nature of Nahi?

The rule 'al-ashlu fil nasyit Tahrim' suggests that by default, prohibitions (Nahi) imply that the action is forbidden and must be avoided as it is harmful or sinful.

What is the difference between the command of Amr and the prohibition of Nahi in terms of repetition?

Amr (command) generally does not require repetition unless it involves an action that must be repeated, such as prayers, while Nahi (prohibition) is perpetual, meaning the prohibition remains in place indefinitely.

How can a command (Amr) be considered as allowing something, even when initially it may have been prohibited?

In some cases, when a prohibition (Nahi) is followed by a command (Amr), it can indicate that the previously prohibited action is now permitted. For example, after the prohibition of trade during Jumu'ah prayer, the command to resume trade is given.

How does the principle of Amr relate to actions that support the completion of a command?

The principle of Amr includes not only the direct action commanded but also the supporting actions necessary to fulfill the command. For example, if one is commanded to pray, the supporting actions such as performing ablution are also required to complete the act.