Historiografi

Summary

This video explains the concept of historiography, the study and writing of history. It discusses different approaches to historical writing, including problem-oriented and non-problem-oriented historiography. The video highlights three types of historiography: traditional, colonial, and modern/national. Traditional historiography focuses on royal and mythical narratives, colonial historiography is Eurocentric and aimed at justifying colonial rule, while modern historiography emphasizes Indonesian perspectives, critical research, and multi-disciplinary approaches. The content aims to help viewers understand how history is written from different viewpoints and the importance of objectivity in historical writing.

Takeaways

• 😀 Historiography is the study of historical writing and its evolution, focusing on how history is recorded and interpreted by different historians.
• 😀 There are two main approaches to historiography: *problem-oriented* (focused on solving historical problems) and *non-problem-oriented* (narrative and descriptive).
• 😀 Traditional historiography, common during the Hindu-Buddha period through early Islam in Indonesia, often mixes mythology with history and focuses on royal perspectives.
• 😀 Historiography can be subjective, with different historians interpreting the same event in various ways based on their viewpoints, even if the facts are the same.
• 😀 Objectivity in historiography is essential to reduce bias, requiring accurate and reliable sources to ensure a balanced account of history.
• 😀 Traditional historiography in Indonesia was centered on the royal family and kings, often presenting mythological elements and enhancing royal power through divine or magical narratives.
• 😀 Colonial historiography, written by Europeans during the colonial era, often used a Eurocentric perspective, portraying Indonesian resistance as rebellion and glorifying European powers.
• 😀 Modern historiography, developed post-independence, focuses on Indonesian perspectives and employs critical methods, including research and multi-dimensional approaches to history.
• 😀 The first Indonesian historian to apply critical historiography was Dr. Husein Jayadiningrat, with his work on the history of Banten.
• 😀 Historiography has evolved over time, with each era (traditional, colonial, and modern) reflecting different societal values and power structures.
• 😀 Modern historiography in Indonesia emphasizes Indonesia-centric views, incorporates multiple disciplines, and ensures historical writing is well-researched and accountable.

Q & A

What is historiography?

Historiography is the study and writing of history, focusing on how historians write about past events. It involves analyzing historical sources and interpreting them to produce a narrative about the past.

How does the speaker illustrate historiography using an analogy?

The speaker compares historiography to observing a house from different angles (front, back, left, right). Although it’s the same house, each perspective gives a different view, much like historians analyzing the same historical event from different viewpoints, leading to varying interpretations.

What is the difference between problem-oriented and non-problem-oriented historiography?

Problem-oriented historiography focuses on solving specific historical problems or questions through research. Non-problem-oriented historiography, on the other hand, simply narrates historical events without addressing specific problems or questions.

Why is subjectivity considered problematic in historiography?

Subjectivity in historiography can lead to biased interpretations of historical events. Historians aim for objectivity to ensure that their writings are based on accurate facts and not influenced by personal opinions or perspectives.

What are the key characteristics of traditional historiography?

Traditional historiography is centered around royal families and kingdoms, often including elements of mythology and religious beliefs. It is typically palace-centric (istanasentris), magical (religiomagis), region-focused (regiosentris), ethnocentric (etnosentrisme), and politically driven (kepolitikansentrisme).

How did traditional historiography justify the authority of kings?

In traditional historiography, kings were often portrayed as having mystical or divine powers, which were meant to legitimize their rule and ensure obedience from their subjects. This reinforced the power structure and prevented rebellion.

What is the main focus of colonial historiography?

Colonial historiography, written during the colonial period, is typically Eurocentric, written by Europeans about their colonies. It often portrays colonized people as inferior and aims to justify colonial rule by glorifying the colonizers and denigrating local cultures.

What are the characteristics of colonial historiography?

Colonial historiography is Eurocentric, written by Europeans, and often presents the colonized peoples as inferior or subjugated. It uses a critical historical method but primarily draws from European sources, and its purpose is to justify colonialism and maintain European dominance.

How did modern or national historiography differ from colonial historiography?

Modern or national historiography, developed after Indonesia's independence, is written from an Indonesian perspective, emphasizing national identity and history. It uses critical methods, includes a multidimensional approach (sociology, economics, politics), and aims to represent the country's history from an Indonesian viewpoint.

What does a multidimensional approach in modern historiography entail?

A multidimensional approach in modern historiography involves analyzing historical events from various perspectives, such as sociology, economics, politics, and culture, making the narrative more comprehensive and nuanced.