Pengantar Ilmu Sejarah

Summary

This video introduces historical science, exploring its definitions, scope, and methods. History is defined as the study of past events, with a focus on human actions within time and space. The video covers key concepts such as historical dimensions (time and space), the distinction between history, archaeology, and anthropology, and the methods used in historical research like heuristics and historiography. It explains the importance of primary and secondary sources, the periodization of history, and different types of historiography, from traditional to modern. The video emphasizes the significance of history in understanding human society and shaping future generations.

Takeaways

• 😀 History is derived from the Arabic word 'syajaro' (tree) and the Greek word 'Historia' (smart people).
• 😀 Historical science involves studying past events within specific periods of time and contexts, offering insights into human society.
• 😀 The study of history helps understand how past political, economic, and geographical conditions shaped human actions.
• 😀 History teaches that people in the past had different values than we do today, highlighting the evolution of societal norms.
• 😀 Historical science helps individuals and societies understand their identity, both individually and collectively.
• 😀 Preserving traditions and memory through history helps future generations understand their roots and cultural evolution.
• 😀 Critical thinking, creativity, and scientific research skills are developed through studying history, particularly in sourcing and analyzing historical data.
• 😀 History is studied through human actions and ideas, which drive societal changes, with humans as both subjects and objects in historical inquiry.
• 😀 Historical analysis includes two main dimensions: spatial (where) and temporal (when), which help explain the context of events.
• 😀 History is a diachronic science, studying phenomena across time, while other social sciences are synchronic, focusing on space and simultaneous events.
• 😀 Periodization is used to classify historical events into specific periods, making it easier to understand historical developments over time.

Q & A

What is the origin of the word 'history'?

The word 'history' comes from an Arabic word 'syajaro', meaning tree, and from Greek, where it is derived from the word 'Historia', meaning smart people.

What is the definition of history according to the Cambridge dictionary?

According to the Cambridge dictionary, history is the study or record of events that occurred in the past, particularly in the form of events within a certain period of time in a country or other subject.

What are the three explanations of history according to KBBI?

In KBBI, the term history has three explanations: 1. Origin or lineage, 2. Events and incidents that really happened in the past, 3. History and stories; and 4. Knowledge or description of events and incidents that really happened in the past.

What are some of the uses of historical science?

Historical science is used for: 1. Explaining how human actions are influenced by political, economic, or geographical conditions, 2. Understanding that people in the past may have had different values, 3. Knowing who we are as individuals and as part of a group or nation, 4. Understanding memory and traditions passed down through generations, 5. Developing critical, creative, and reflective thinking skills, and 6. Developing scientific skills such as sourcing, verifying, and analyzing historical sources.

What is the difference between history, archaeology, and anthropology?

History is the study of human life and events in the past. Archaeology studies humans through fossils and artifacts, while anthropology focuses on humans and culture, including life in prehistoric times.

What are the dimensions studied in historical science?

In historical science, two main dimensions are studied: 1. Spatial dimension, which refers to the location where an event occurs, and 2. Time dimension, which refers to when an event occurs, ranging from seconds to centuries.

What is the focus of historical science according to Kuntowijoyo?

Kuntowijoyo explains that history is a science that studies human behavior at a certain time, with social meaning, and focuses on specific and detailed aspects of human life.

What is the concept of periodization in historical science?

Periodization in historical science refers to dividing history into different time periods based on significant events. This helps in understanding and organizing historical events in a more manageable way.

What are the four main activities of research and writing history according to Louis Gottschalk?

According to Louis Gottschalk, the four main activities of research and writing history are: 1. Collecting relevant written and oral information, 2. Discarding unclear or unreliable information, 3. Drawing conclusions from reliable evidence, and 4. Organizing evidence and sources into a report.

What are the two types of historical sources?

There are two types of historical sources: 1. Primary historical sources, which are original materials such as fossils, archives, artifacts, and interviews with historical actors, and 2. Secondary historical sources, which are later writings such as historians' research, biographies, newspapers, and reports.