MASA ORDE BARU DI INDONESIA (1966-1998)

Summary

The video discusses Indonesia's New Order period (1966-1998), initiated by Suharto after political turmoil under Sukarno. Triggered by student protests demanding the dissolution of the PKI and economic reforms, Suharto's regime focused on stabilizing the government and consolidating political parties. Significant economic growth followed through development plans (Pelita) aimed at improving agriculture and industry. However, a financial crisis in 1997 led to public discontent and Suharto's resignation. This summary encapsulates the era's complex political and economic landscape.

Takeaways

• 😀 The New Order era in Indonesia began with the Supersemar (March 11, 1966), marking a transition to Suharto's presidency.
• 😀 Tritura, or the Three People's Demands, included calls to dissolve the PKI, cleanse the government, and reduce prices.
• 😀 Student and youth demonstrations were pivotal in pushing for political change and economic reforms during the New Order.
• 😀 The Supersemar granted Suharto authority to restore order, leading to the banning of the PKI and its affiliated organizations.
• 😀 The New Order implemented political stability measures, including the simplification of political parties into three main entities: Golkar, PDI, and PPP.
• 😀 Six general elections were held during the New Order, with Golkar consistently winning due to government support.
• 😀 The Pancasila ideology was promoted through the P4 program to ensure alignment with national values.
• 😀 The dual function of ABRI allowed military involvement in both defense and social governance.
• 😀 The New Order's economic strategy focused initially on stabilizing the economy and controlling inflation, which was as high as 650% in 1966.
• 😀 Long-term development plans (Pelita) aimed to enhance agriculture, infrastructure, and industrial growth, although the sixth phase was interrupted by the 1997 financial crisis.

Q & A

What does the term 'Orde Baru' refer to in Indonesian history?

Orde Baru refers to the period of President Suharto's government in Indonesia, which lasted from 1966 until 1998.

What event marked the beginning of the Orde Baru period?

The Orde Baru period began with the issuance of the Supersemar (Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret) on March 11, 1966.

What were the three demands of the 'Tritura' (Three People's Demands)?

The Tritura demanded: 1) the dissolution of the PKI (Indonesian Communist Party), 2) the cleansing of the Dwikora Cabinet from G30S PKI elements, and 3) the reduction of basic commodity prices.

How did the government respond to the Tritura demands?

The government, under President Sukarno, made a cabinet reshuffle but did not fully address the demands, leading to increased public dissatisfaction.

What role did Supersemar play in the political transition to Orde Baru?

Supersemar granted General Suharto the authority to restore order and security, which facilitated his rise to power and the establishment of the Orde Baru regime.

What was the significance of the 'dwifungsi ABRI' policy?

The dwifungsi ABRI policy allowed the Indonesian military to have both military and social roles, enabling military officers to hold government positions and influence civilian governance.

What were the key features of Indonesia's economic policy during Orde Baru?

The economic policy focused on stabilization and rehabilitation, with measures to control inflation, stabilize prices, and promote agricultural development through long-term development plans known as Pelita.

What was the Pelita program, and what were its goals?

The Pelita program was a series of five-year development plans aimed at improving agricultural production, infrastructure, and overall economic growth in Indonesia.

How many general elections were held during the Orde Baru period, and what was the outcome for Golkar?

Six general elections were held during the Orde Baru period, and Golkar consistently won the majority of votes due to the support of state apparatus and military.

What led to the decline of the Orde Baru regime by the late 1990s?

The decline was caused by a financial crisis in 1997, which escalated into an economic crisis and widespread public discontent, ultimately leading to the fall of Suharto in 1998.