Practical AI for Instructors and Students Part 3: Prompting AI
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Professor Ethan Malek and Angelina Malik from the Wharton School introduce viewers to AI, focusing on crafting effective prompts for AI interaction. They emphasize the importance of context, clear instructions, and examples to guide AI in tasks. The video demonstrates step-by-step prompt construction, using tools like GPT4 and Bing, and highlights the iterative process of refining prompts and incorporating human feedback for optimal AI performance in educational settings.
Takeaways
- 📝 **Context Matters**: Telling the AI who it is provides the right context for its responses, making its output more relevant and effective.
- 📐 **Clear Instructions**: Providing clear instructions to the AI is crucial, as it lacks inherent knowledge of the user's context or goals.
- 📚 **Examples and Steps**: Giving the AI examples and step-by-step directions helps it understand the task better and perform more effectively.
- 🔧 **Iterative Process**: Prompting is not a one-time task; it involves experimentation and refinement to achieve the desired outcome.
- 💬 **Conversational Approach**: Interacting with the AI as if it were a conversational partner helps in guiding it towards the desired output.
- 🔄 **Prompting is Part of Interaction**: Creating the perfect prompt is less important than the ongoing interaction with the AI.
- 🎨 **Customization and Constraints**: Adding context, perspective, and constraints to the prompt can guide the AI to produce more tailored content.
- 🔍 **Utilize AI Tools with Internet Access**: Tools like Bing can leverage internet access to include academic research in their responses, enhancing the quality of information.
- 🤖 **Integrate Human Expertise**: Including specific points or knowledge that the user wants to be covered ensures that the AI's output aligns with human expertise.
- 🤔 **Step-by-Step Thinking**: Asking the AI to think and outline its response step by step can lead to more structured and coherent content.
- 🔄 **Iterative Revision**: Regularly revising and providing feedback on the AI's output helps in refining the final result, making the process more collaborative.
- 👨🏫 **Act as an Editor and Instructor**: Users should take on the role of an editor and instructor, guiding the AI and shaping its responses to meet their needs.
- 🧙♂️ **Magic is Not Real**: The process of working with AI is more about experience and practice rather than following a magical formula.
- 🔄 **Embrace Randomness**: Recognize that AI systems have built-in randomness, and use this to your advantage by experimenting with different prompts and iterations.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video series presented by Ethan Malek and Angelina Malik?
-The main focus of the video series is to provide an introduction to AI, particularly its application in education, and how to effectively use it from a foundational level.
Why is it important to tell the AI who it is when giving instructions?
-Telling the AI who it is provides the right context from which to start, as the AI has been trained on billions of documents and needs this context to understand the perspective and environment it is operating in.
What is the significance of giving clear instructions to AI?
-Clear instructions are crucial because AI does not know the user's context or intentions. The more context provided, the more effectively the AI can perform the desired task.
Why should examples and steps be given to AI when assigning a specific project?
-Examples and steps help the AI understand what the user wants and think step by step, leading to a more effective performance in completing the task.
What are the two important caveats mentioned about constructing prompts for AI?
-The two caveats are: 1) Prompting isn't magic and is about experience, with each generation of AI models making it easier. 2) Prompting is just a part of the interaction with AI, which is more important than getting the perfect prompt.
How can AI models like GPT-4 and chat GPT be used to improve writing?
-AI models can be used to generate initial drafts, provide context and perspective, and follow specific instructions or constraints to enhance the quality and style of writing.
What is the advantage of using Bing in creative mode over GPT-4 for certain tasks?
-Bing in creative mode has access to the internet, allowing it to look up academic research or additional information that GPT-4, which is not connected to the internet, cannot access.
How can including oneself in the AI model improve the output?
-By adding specific points or instructions that one wants the AI to include, the output becomes more integrated with human input, leading to a more personalized and targeted result.
What is the 'Chain of Thought' thinking and how can it be used with AI?
-Chain of Thought thinking is a method where the AI is asked to think step by step, outlining and proving its points before writing the final content. This helps the AI stay on task and allows for better output quality.
Why is it recommended to interact with AI interactively rather than trying to create the perfect prompt?
-Interactively working with AI allows for continuous feedback and guidance, which vastly improves the work. It is more effective than a single perfect prompt because it adapts to the evolving needs and preferences of the user.
How does the randomness in AI systems affect the user's experience?
-The randomness built into AI systems means that different prompts can yield different outputs, even from the same system at different times. This can be advantageous as it allows users to select the most suitable response or to refresh and try again for better results.
What role does the user play in the process of using AI for writing tasks?
-The user acts as a guide, editor, and instructor, taking the lead in shaping the AI's output by providing feedback, selecting preferred content, and giving directions for improvement.
Outlines
🤖 Effective Prompting Techniques for AI in Education
This paragraph introduces the topic of the video, which is about teaching AI how to assist effectively in educational settings. The speaker, Ethan Malek, a professor at Wharton, and his colleague Angelina Malik, discuss the importance of context when instructing AI and the necessity of clear, example-driven instructions. They emphasize that AI needs to understand who it is and what is expected of it to perform tasks effectively. The paragraph also introduces the concept of 'prompting' as a skill that improves with experience and experimentation rather than following a rigid formula. It sets the stage for a step-by-step guide on constructing prompts for AI.
🔍 Enhancing AI Prompts with Context and Constraints
The second paragraph delves into the specifics of constructing effective prompts for AI, using the example of writing a paragraph about the importance of group work. It illustrates how adding context and perspective can significantly alter the AI's output. The paragraph also discusses the importance of providing examples and steps to guide the AI in a specific direction. The use of advanced techniques such as adding constraints and instructing the AI to think step by step is highlighted, showing how these methods can lead to more sophisticated and tailored outputs. The paragraph concludes with a demonstration of how to refine prompts interactively, emphasizing the iterative nature of working with AI to achieve the desired results.
👨🏫 Integrating Human Expertise with AI in Content Creation
This paragraph explores the integration of human expertise with AI-generated content, focusing on the collaborative approach to content creation. It discusses the use of AI tools like Bing, which can access the internet to incorporate academic research into its responses. The paragraph demonstrates how to insert specific points known by the user into the AI's output to ensure accuracy and relevance. It also introduces the concept of 'Chain of Thought' prompting, which encourages the AI to outline and revise its work methodically. The importance of human interaction in guiding the AI, refining its output, and avoiding getting stuck in loops is emphasized, highlighting the role of the user as an active participant in the content creation process.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡AI
💡Interactive pedagogy
💡Prompting
💡Context
💡GPT4
💡Bing
💡Academic research
💡Centaur
💡Chain of Thought
💡Randomness
Highlights
Introduction to the importance of AI in education and the focus on interactive pedagogy.
The necessity of informing AI about its identity to provide the right context for responses.
Clear instructions are crucial for AI effectiveness due to its lack of inherent understanding of user context.
The value of providing examples and steps to guide AI in specific projects or directions.
The process of constructing a prompt step by step to optimize AI responses.
The importance of recognizing that prompting is not a magical formula but a skill that improves with experience.
The concept of experimenting with AI and asking for its help in task accomplishment.
The role of context and perspective in shaping AI responses, illustrated with the example of writing about group work.
Adding constraints to AI prompts to achieve more tailored and engaging content.
The use of AI's style analysis to inform constraints and improve writing quality.
Incorporating academic research into AI responses using tools with internet access, like Bing.
The integration of human expertise into AI-generated content to ensure accuracy and relevance.
Techniques for prompting AI to think step by step, enhancing the quality of its output.
The interactive nature of working with AI, emphasizing the importance of human guidance and feedback.
The role of the AI user as an editor, selecting and refining content to meet specific needs.
The inherent randomness in AI responses and the strategy of using multiple prompts for diverse outputs.
The art of prompting as a skill developed through practice and experimentation.
Upcoming videos will explore the application of AI in classroom settings for both teachers and students.
Transcripts
[Music]
hi welcome to video three of our series
of videos where we're trying to give you
an introduction to Ai and how to use it
with a special focus on education from
the ground up I'm Ethan Malek a
professor at Wharton who has been
studying AI
and Angelina Malik and I study Ai and
interactive pedagogy at the Wharton
School of the University of Pennsylvania
in this video we're going to talk to you
about how to prompt and how to tell the
AI exactly what you'd like it to do and
how to do so effectively
thank you
the first thing to remember is that you
want to tell the AI who it is the reason
you want to do that is because the AI
has been trained on billions of
documents telling it who it is gives it
the right context from which to start
once you tell the AI who it is the
second thing to do is to give the AI
very clear instructions about what you
wanted to do you have to remember that
the AI doesn't know you and doesn't know
any of your contexts so the more context
you give it the more effective it can be
the third thing to remember is to always
give AI examples and steps if you have a
specific project you'd like it to take
on if you have specific directions that
you'd like to give it giving it examples
helps it learn what you want and giving
it steps helps it think step by step and
we'll do a more effective job for you so
let's see how this works in practice
so I'm going to show you how to
construct a prompt sort of Step by Step
there are two important caveats that you
have to know before we do this first off
don't follow this exactly prompting
isn't Magic eighty percent of prompting
is about experience and prompting is
just getting easier with each generation
of these models so this is not a magical
formula you can actually experiment and
the more you use AI the more you'll find
out what's good or bad and how to make
it do what you'd like and even just ask
the AI to help you say I want to
accomplish this task what should I ask
you it will help you with that so that's
the first thing is this isn't magical
there is not a technical programming
language here this is a conversation
with the AI and the second is as you
will talk about it a little bit
prompting is just a piece of this so
getting the right perfect prompt is less
important than interacting with the AI
which we'll talk to you after we show
you how to create a problem so with that
said let's talk about how to create a
good first prompt so let's work out a
prompt together and see how we can make
it better we're going to start with
something basic and build it out for
this particular use case we're going to
use gpt4 and chat GPT which as we
discussed last time is one of a series
of foundational models you're going to
use so you could also do this in
Microsoft Bing which in its creative
mode uses chat GPT for the same model or
you can use it Google's Bard which works
a little bit differently but we're going
to just use gpt4 for this again
prompting Works fairly similarly across
different AI models so let's start with
an example let's say we wanted to write
me a paragraph
about
why group work
is important
and so gpd4 is a very powerful model
it's a little bit slow it will produce
the results here that we need here about
this so that is a good prompt and it's
coming up with a perfectly fine essay
but you'll notice it doesn't know what
context to use what perspective to write
this from
so the first thing we can start to do is
we can add context and perspective so we
can say
act like
an experienced teacher
write a paragraph about why group work
is important and you'll notice that the
entire context of the conversation
changes because now it's like a pedagogy
and it's talking about from a teacher's
perspective we haven't made it into a
teacher and it's not magic but we've
given it context to work in and a
perspective to take and you'll see it
uses that perspective throughout now we
can make this even more advanced by
adding in constraints by telling it
exactly what we want to see so we can
say that act like experienced teacher
write a paragraph about why group Works
important make their writing engaging
but smart to pick a style and by the way
if you don't know what style to use you
can paste in your favorite text into any
of these AIS and ask it to describe that
text to you and then use that
description when you're giving a
constraints we might also want to say
make sure there is
an example and again you can see I'm
just using normal human text to do this
there's nothing magical here and say now
it's being a little bit too engaging and
fun right same group work my deal
Scholars is a vital Cornerstone of
education so maybe you think that's too
flowery we're learning as we go with
this prompt we'll talk more about how
you revise it as you go along but you
can see we get a better more constrained
more interesting piece of writing as a
result of this
so now we can do something a little bit
different
for this example we're going to switch
over to a tool that has access to the
internet which is Bing Bing is using in
creative mode purple mode the exact same
model as chat gpt's gpt4 but it has an
internet connection so here we're going
to paste in the exact same thing that we
had before
and we're going to add a additional
qualifier we're going to say
look up the academic research on group
work
now this would not work in GPT it's not
connect to the internet but it works
here
well in bing so let's try this with look
up the academic research work and what
you'll see is Bing is now going to
actually do that for us here so it's now
looking up doing actual web search to
find the answer and we're going to get a
better result you'll also notice that
Bing will provide sources as a result
these sources are not always 100 correct
you'll want to again check the work to
make sure there's no hallucinations but
I think you can see how we get better
results now here that are both including
the example including the context but
now including actual academic research
we can go one step further with this by
adding ourselves into this model we
wanted to make particular points we're
smart we're experts we don't want the AI
to be the expert so we can tell it make
the following points
[Music]
so now to make the AI Not Just Produce
random work we want to actually insert
what we know into the prompt and we give
it instructions that are more explicit
so in this case we wanted to make the
following points that group work allows
students to support each other but group
work also needs to be carefully designed
so up till now there's been none of us
in the AI which is of course kind of
boring because you'd like to make sure
that as humans we're in the loop that we
are making playing a role in the
creation of this content so it's really
important to add that in so we're going
to add in a couple of points that we
know that we want to make sure the AI
covers so it doesn't just make up its
own information we're going to say that
we wanted to include that group work
allows students to support each other
and the group work needs to be carefully
designed and then when we do this prompt
the AI will do what it did before which
is look up the information like we
requested it'll still do the work it did
before from the context of a teacher
with the same tone but you'll notice now
including the points that we wanted to
include as opposed to just being AI work
now it's starting to be integrated work
between human and AI sometimes it's
called being a centaur half person half
horse and that's what we're seeing here
there's one even more advanced technique
that we can include which research shows
makes the am more effective and this is
a little bit trickier but it is asking
the AI to think step by step so remember
the AI is just trying to guess what the
next word is in a series of words and I
ask you to think step by step allows it
to create content that it can then look
at and build from so we could say follow
these steps outline the paragraph
prove the outline
write the paragraph so now we're giving
it steps to follow this step-by-step
thinking sometimes called Chain of
Thought thinking is a useful way to get
the AI to stay on task and also for us
to check the output as we go along to
make sure that it's good so you can see
it's outlining the parallel graph it's
going to do first it's giving us the
sentences it's going to make the points
it's going to make the example it's
going to include which we all asked for
and now it's going to improve the
outline so it's going to go back and you
can see it's going to actually already
revising what it's doing so asking it to
look back at its own work often gets
much better output as a result and you
can see it's actually doing a better
transition it's doing better points and
it's going to then produce the final
content here which is the actual end
goal that we wanted and so you can see
you have the sophistication level
increases the quality level increases
and we can check the results to see what
goes wrong if anything does
so I've just spent a bunch of time
showing you how to do a prompt but this
is actually not the right way to
optimally use the AI you don't want to
try and create the world's perfect
prompt instead you want to work with it
interactively and to work with it
interactively you have to push back and
this is really where the magic happens
for instance you could ask it to expand
I like a second Point can you expand on
that
and you can ask it to edit I don't like
the example you used in this paragraph
why don't you change the example
in addition you can also ask it to
include more of your thinking you can
add a point about how group work
requires you as a teacher to choose
whether teams have the same ability
level
and all of this including your own
thinking your own interaction improves
the paragraph if you look back at the
beginning of the paragraph to the final
output you can see that you in the loop
guiding the AI you being in charge and
giving a direction vastly improves the
work
[Music]
sometimes the AI can get into a loop you
may need to clear the memory by hitting
for instance in bing on new topic where
the broom is and just start again each
time you prompt the AI it'll give you a
different output and so you have to take
the lead thank you
so because you have to take the lead
that means you have to do many different
kinds of tasks that aren't normally part
of writing not only are you thinking
about whether the writing is good or bad
but you're also kind of acting as an
editor you're selecting what work you
like you're figuring out whether it's
hey in the right direction you're even
instructing the AI like a teacher which
is part of our teachers are often very
good at working with AI and prompting it
to do things so
an important thing to note about all
this is the AI will give you different
answers every time there's Randomness
built into all of these systems and so
when you give it one prompt you may get
different outputs from different systems
at different times or even the same
system in different ways it's something
you actually take advantage of so you
could say something like give me five
examples of a particular paragraph and
it will give you five different examples
and you can pick the one that you like
you could tell them doing very different
styles and get very different outcomes
but sometimes you'll have to hit refresh
clear the memory on the system and try
again so it's about multiple efforts
multiple attempts to try the same prompt
multiple experiments with you giving
feedback to get a prompt response that
you like so prompting becomes more art
than science which brings us back to the
point of experience this is not magic it
is about practicing until you get good
at this it's about trying the AI for the
tasks that you want to use it for it's
about treating it a bit like a human
again even though it's not a human and
giving it feedback and instructions
about what you want to see have happen
in the next set of videos we're going to
dive into how to use this in a classroom
both as a teacher and as a student
[Music]
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