Masa Demokrasi Liberal: Periode Masa Demokrasi Liberal; RIS dan Pembubarannya | Part 1

Summary

In this video, the presenter discusses Indonesia's Liberal Democracy era, which spanned from 1950 to 1959. Key events include the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) and the issuance of President Sukarno's decree in 1959. The video highlights the role of the RIS, its structure, and eventual dissolution due to factors such as Muhammad Natsir's integral motion and regional rebellions. Additionally, the presenter explains the characteristics of the Liberal Democracy period, including political instability, frequent cabinet changes, and the use of a provisional constitution. The video concludes by detailing the seven different cabinets that governed during this era.

Takeaways

• 📜 The Liberal Democracy era in Indonesia lasted from 1950 to 1959.
• 🛑 The Liberal Democracy period began with the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) and ended with President Soekarno's decree on July 5, 1959.
• 🏛 The United States of Indonesia was established after the Round Table Conference in 1949 and consisted of 7 states and 9 autonomous regions.
• 👑 Soekarno was the President of RIS, while Mohammad Hatta served as the Prime Minister.
• 💡 The integral motion proposed by Mohammad Natsir in 1950 played a crucial role in dissolving RIS and unifying Indonesia as a single state.
• 🚨 Rebellions such as APRA, Andi Azis, and the South Maluku Republic also accelerated the dissolution of RIS.
• 📚 During the Liberal Democracy era, Indonesia used the 1950 provisional constitution, which was meant to be temporary.
• ⚖️ A parliamentary cabinet system was adopted, where the Prime Minister led the government and was accountable to parliament.
• ⚔️ Political instability was a hallmark of this era, with seven different cabinets led by six Prime Ministers in just nine years.
• 🎓 The strong influence of political parties and frequent cabinet changes led to instability and weakened government effectiveness during the period.

Q & A

What event marked the beginning and end of Indonesia's Liberal Democracy period?

The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia began with the dissolution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) in 1950 and ended with President Soekarno's Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959.

What was the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS), and when was it formed?

The Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) was a federal state formed after the Round Table Conference agreement in December 1949. It consisted of seven member states and nine autonomous regions.

Who were the leaders of RIS and the Republic of Indonesia during the RIS period?

Soekarno was the President of RIS, and Mohammad Hatta served as the Prime Minister. Mr. Assaat was the President of the Republic of Indonesia within RIS, with Susanto as the Prime Minister.

What led to the dissolution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS)?

RIS was dissolved due to two main factors: the Integral Motion by Muhammad Natsir, which called for the unification of all RIS states into the Republic of Indonesia, and regional unrest, including the APRA rebellion, Andi Azis' revolt, and the Republic of South Maluku uprising.

What was Muhammad Natsir’s Integral Motion, and why was it significant?

Muhammad Natsir’s Integral Motion, presented to the RIS parliament, called for the unification of the federal states within RIS into a single Republic of Indonesia. It was crucial in leading to the dissolution of RIS and the reformation of Indonesia as a unitary state.

What type of constitution was used during the Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia?

During the Liberal Democracy period, Indonesia used the 1950 Provisional Constitution, which was meant to be a temporary law while a new constitution was being drafted.

How was the government structured during Indonesia’s Liberal Democracy period?

Indonesia operated under a parliamentary system during the Liberal Democracy period. The President was the head of state, while the Prime Minister and their cabinet, responsible to the parliament, held executive power.

What were the key features of Indonesia's Liberal Democracy period?

Key features of the Liberal Democracy period included the use of the 1950 Provisional Constitution, a parliamentary system with a Prime Minister, and frequent cabinet changes, leading to political instability.

How many cabinets were formed during the nine-year Liberal Democracy period, and what does this indicate?

Seven different cabinets were formed, led by six Prime Ministers, during the nine years of Liberal Democracy. This frequent change indicates political instability and power struggles among political parties.

Which two cabinets during the Liberal Democracy period lasted for more than one year?

The first Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet (1953-1955) and the Djuanda Cabinet (1957-1959) were the only two cabinets that lasted for more than a year during the Liberal Democracy period.