This Wave Killed All 84 Men
Summary
TLDRDie 'Ocean Ranger', eine große, selbstbewegende Bohrplattform, traf am 14. Februar 1982 auf eine extreme Wintersturm in der Nähe der Grand-Banks. Trotz ihrer robusten Konstruktion und der Zuversicht der Besatzung, die Technologie zu vertrauen, wurden durch schlechte Schulung, schlechten Entwurf und extreme Wetterbedingungen alle 84 Besatzungsmitglieder getötet, als die Plattform kippte und sank. Die Rettungsaktionen waren aufgrund der widrigen Bedingungen erfolglos, und nur 22 Körper wurden geborgen.
Takeaways
- 🌊 Die Ocean Ranger war eine selbstfahrende, halbtauchfähige Offshore-Bohrplattform, die im Nordatlantik auf den Grand Banks arbeitete.
- 💨 Am 14. Februar 1982 geriet die Ocean Ranger in einen schweren Wintersturm, der durch einen Atlantik-Zyklon verursacht wurde.
- 🛠️ Trotz schlechter Wettervorhersagen und extremen Bedingungen setzte die Crew ihre Bohrarbeiten fort, da sie großes Vertrauen in das Design der Plattform hatten.
- ⚡ Ein gigantisches Wellenereignis traf die Plattform, zerstörte ein Bullauge im Ballastkontrollraum und verursachte dadurch eine Überflutung und schwerwiegende Fehlfunktionen.
- ⚓ Die Crew hatte nicht die nötige Ausbildung, um das Ballastkontrollsystem manuell zu steuern, was zu einer zunehmenden Instabilität und einem schweren Neigungswinkel führte.
- 🚨 Um 00:52 Uhr wurde ein Notruf (Mayday) abgesetzt, und Unterstützungsschiffe sowie Hubschrauber wurden zur Rettung entsandt.
- 🛳️ Trotz der Bemühungen der Rettungsmannschaften und der herannahenden Hilfsschiffe konnten nur wenige Besatzungsmitglieder in einem Rettungsboot entkommen.
- ❄️ Die extremen Wetterbedingungen, hohe Wellen und starker Wind erschwerten die Rettungsversuche, und die meisten Besatzungsmitglieder erlagen der Kälte im Wasser.
- 📉 Am 15. Februar um 03:13 Uhr kenterte die Ocean Ranger und sank, wobei alle 84 Besatzungsmitglieder ums Leben kamen.
- 🔍 In den folgenden Tagen wurde die Plattform geborgen, aber auch während der Bergungsarbeiten kamen weitere drei Menschen ums Leben, darunter zwei Taucher bei einer Explosion.
Q & A
Was ist die Ocean Ranger und welche Aufgabe erfüllt sie?
-Die Ocean Ranger ist eine selbstfahrende, halbtauchende Offshore-Bohrplattform, die im Hibernia-Ölfeld arbeitet. Ihre Hauptaufgabe besteht darin, in großen Ozeantiefen nach Öl zu bohren.
Welche Wetterbedingungen herrschen in der Region, in der die Ocean Ranger eingesetzt ist?
-Die Ocean Ranger ist auf den Grand Banks stationiert, einem Gebiet im Nordatlantik, das für extreme Wetterbedingungen, insbesondere im Winter, bekannt ist. Stürme mit hohen Wellen und starken Winden sind dort häufig.
Wie reagiert die Besatzung der Ocean Ranger auf den bevorstehenden Sturm am 14. Februar 1982?
-Die Besatzung trifft Standardvorbereitungen, wie das Sichern von Ausrüstung und das Überprüfen der wasserdichten Türen und Bullaugen. Sie prüfen auch das Ballastkontrollsystem, um die Stabilität der Plattform im Sturm zu gewährleisten.
Welche Rolle spielt das Ballastkontrollsystem bei der Stabilität der Ocean Ranger?
-Das Ballastkontrollsystem regelt die Menge an Wasser in den Ballasttanks unter der Plattform. Dadurch kann die Plattform ihre Stabilität und Auftrieb den Seeverhältnissen anpassen, was besonders in stürmischen Bedingungen entscheidend ist.
Was passiert, als eine große Welle die Ocean Ranger trifft?
-Eine riesige Welle trifft die Ocean Ranger und zerstört ein Bullauge im Ballastkontrollraum, der nur 25 Fuß über der Wasserlinie liegt. Meerwasser flutet den Kontrollraum, was zu elektrischen Kurzschlüssen und Fehlfunktionen im Ballastkontrollsystem führt.
Welche Probleme treten auf, nachdem der Ballastkontrollraum geflutet ist?
-Durch die Flutung versagen wichtige elektronische Systeme, was dazu führt, dass die Besatzung die Ballasttanks nicht mehr kontrollieren kann. Das führt zu einer zunehmenden Neigung (Listing) der Plattform, die sie destabilisiert.
Warum konnte die Besatzung das Ballastkontrollsystem nicht manuell steuern?
-Die Besatzung war nicht ausreichend geschult, um das Ballastsystem manuell zu steuern, und es gab kein Handbuch, das ihnen dabei hätte helfen können. Zudem waren die Pumpen im Heck nicht in der Lage, Wasser gegen die Schräglage der Plattform zu pumpen.
Welche Maßnahmen ergreift die Besatzung, nachdem die Plattform instabil wird?
-Die Besatzung versucht, die Bohrvorgänge einzustellen, das Ballastsystem manuell zu steuern und sich auf eine mögliche Evakuierung vorzubereiten. Sie senden auch einen Notruf (Mayday) aus, als die Lage außer Kontrolle gerät.
Warum war die Evakuierung der Ocean Ranger so schwierig?
-Die extreme Neigung der Plattform und die rauen Wetterbedingungen erschwerten das Aussetzen der Rettungsboote erheblich. Das starke Listing verhinderte den Einsatz der Rettungssysteme, und die Besatzung kämpfte gegen die Zeit, um sich zu retten.
Was passierte schließlich mit der Ocean Ranger und ihrer Besatzung?
-Die Ocean Ranger kenterte und sank am 15. Februar 1982 um 03:13 Uhr. Alle 84 Besatzungsmitglieder an Bord kamen ums Leben. Nur 22 der 84 Körper konnten geborgen werden.
Outlines
🌊 Ocean Ranger: Eine vertrauenswürdige Ölplattform in rauen Gewässern
Die Ocean Ranger, eine selbstfahrende halb-tauchfähige Offshore-Bohrplattform, ist für extreme Wetterbedingungen konzipiert. Sie operiert auf den Grand Banks und gehört der amerikanischen Firma Ocean Drilling and Exploration (ODECO), die im Auftrag von Mobil Oil Canada arbeitet. Mit einer Höhe von 30 Stockwerken und einem Gewicht von 25.000 Tonnen ist die Plattform eine beeindruckende Konstruktion. Ihre Stabilität wird durch Ballasttanks unter Wasser gewährleistet, um den extremen Bedingungen des Nordatlantiks standzuhalten. Die Crew des Ocean Ranger, erfahren in diesen rauen Bedingungen, vertraut auf die Technologie und die Standhaftigkeit der Plattform, während ein schwerer Sturm am 14. Februar 1982 aufzieht.
🌪️ Die Ankunft des Sturms: Erste Schäden und Systemfehler
Am Abend des 14. Februar 1982 trifft der Sturm den Ocean Ranger mit starken Winden und riesigen Wellen. Eine Monsterwelle trifft das nahegelegene Bohrschiff Sedco 706 und beschädigt es schwer, was auf die außergewöhnliche Gewalt des Sturms hinweist. Trotz dieser extremen Bedingungen setzt die Crew des Ocean Ranger ihre Bohrungen fort, fest entschlossen, den Betrieb aufrechtzuerhalten. Doch als der Sturm wütet, treffen immer höhere Wellen auf die Plattform und ein plötzliches Versagen des Ballastkontrollsystems aufgrund eines kaputten Bullaugenfensters verschärft die Situation dramatisch. Wasser dringt ein, und die automatisierten Systeme fallen aus, was die Stabilität des Ocean Ranger gefährdet.
⛑️ Unkontrollierbare Gefahr: Versuche, den Schaden zu bewältigen
Mit der zunehmenden Instabilität und der Flutung des Ballastraums versucht die Crew verzweifelt, das System manuell zu kontrollieren, obwohl sie nicht ausreichend dafür ausgebildet ist. Der Bug des Ocean Ranger sinkt immer weiter, was das Heck anhebt und die Ballastpumpen ineffektiv macht. Ohne Handbücher oder ausreichend Training wird die Kontrolle über die Plattform zunehmend schwieriger. Trotz der Krise werden Notfallmaßnahmen wie die Einstellung der Bohrungen und die Vorbereitung auf eine Evakuierung eingeleitet. Der starke Sturm, die Funktionsstörungen der Systeme und das steigende Risiko eines vollständigen Versagens zwingen die Crew, einen Notruf abzugeben.
🚤 Verzweifelte Rettungsversuche: Evakuierung unter unmöglichen Bedingungen
Die Crew versucht, die Evakuierung der Plattform zu organisieren, doch die schwere Neigung der Plattform und die extremen Wetterbedingungen machen es fast unmöglich, die Rettungsboote zu Wasser zu lassen. Ein Rettungsboot schafft es, doch wird es bald von den riesigen Wellen gegen ein Unterstützungsschiff geschleudert und zerstört. Die Besatzung des Seaforth Highlander kann nur hilflos zusehen, wie die Männer ins eiskalte Wasser fallen. Die Rettungsaktionen werden durch das extreme Wetter erschwert, und viele der Crewmitglieder erliegen den harschen Bedingungen des Nordatlantiks, bevor sie gerettet werden können.
🚁 Das Ende des Ocean Ranger: Die letzten Momente vor dem Untergang
Trotz der großangelegten Rettungsaktionen durch die kanadische Küstenwache und Unterstützungsschiffe gelingt es den Rettungsteams aufgrund des extremen Wetters nicht, die Crew des Ocean Ranger zu evakuieren. Helikopter kämpfen mit Winden von bis zu 90 Meilen pro Stunde, und riesige Wellen verhindern erfolgreiche Rettungsmanöver. Am 15. Februar 1982, um 03:13 Uhr, kippt die Plattform und sinkt endgültig. Alle 84 Besatzungsmitglieder verlieren ihr Leben. Spätere Bergungsarbeiten fördern Leichen und persönliche Gegenstände an die Küste, doch der Schaden ist irreparabel.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Ocean Ranger
💡Ballastsystem
💡Rogue Wave (Monsterwelle)
💡Grand Banks
💡Mobile Oil Canada
💡Mayday
💡Lifeboat (Rettungsboot)
💡Hibernia-Ölfeld
💡Evakuierung
💡Sturm
Highlights
Ocean-going oil platforms are designed to withstand severe weather conditions.
The Ocean Ranger was a self-propelled, semi-submersible offshore drilling rig.
Owned by Ocean Drilling and Exploration, chartered to Mobile Oil Canada.
The rig weighed almost 25,000 tons, 396 feet long, 362 feet wide, and 337 feet high.
It floats on two 400-foot long pontoons with ballast tank compartments for stability.
The rig is capable of drilling in ocean depths of 1500 feet.
The Grand Banks area is known for its severe weather conditions and rich oil and gas reserves.
On February 14, 1982, the Ocean Ranger received forecasts of an approaching severe winter storm.
The rig was designed to handle winds up to 100 knots and waves up to 110 feet high.
A rogue wave hit the nearby rig Sidco 706, operated by Mobile, causing damage.
The Ocean Ranger continued operations despite the deteriorating weather.
The ballast control system is critical for maintaining the rig's stability.
A rogue wave shattered a porthole in the ballast control room, causing equipment malfunction.
The crew couldn't control the rig's list and trim, leading to instability.
Emergency procedures were implemented, but the crew struggled to manually control the ballast tanks.
The rig's severe list made it difficult to launch lifeboats.
The Ocean Ranger made a Mayday call, and support vessels were alerted.
Rescue teams faced extreme conditions, limiting their ability to reach the rig.
The Ocean Ranger transmitted its last message before abandoning ship.
The rig capsized and sank on February 15, 1982, with the loss of all 84 crew members.
The wreckage of the Ocean Ranger was located and later re-floated for sinking in deeper water.
The salvage operation resulted in further fatalities, increasing the death toll to 87.
Transcripts
ocean-going oil platforms are designed
to withstand the most severe weather
conditions in the middle of the ocean
hundreds of miles from Land the crew of
the ocean Ranger put their faith in the
technology and integrity of the oil rig
but when poor training bad design and
extreme weather conditions line up not
even their faith can save them
the ocean Ranger is a self-propelled
semi-submersible offshore drilling rig
working in an area called the Grand
Banks it's owned by an American company
ocean Drilling and exploration or odeko
for short it's chartered to Mobile Oil
Canada who own the drilling rights for
Hibernia oilfield Mobile Oil Canada is a
subsidiary of the American company
mobile corporation at the time it's
built it's the world's largest
semi-submersible platform the rig weighs
almost 25
000 tons it's 396 feet long 362 feet
wide and 337 feet high making it as high
as a 30-story building of course when
it's floating almost a third of that is
below the water line it floats on two
400 foot long pontoons that lie 80 feet
below the water line these pontoons have
ballast tank compartments that can be
partially filled with seawater this
helps to stabilize the rig in rough Seas
it's capable of drilling in Ocean depths
of 1500 feet the grand Banks lie in the
North Atlantic Ocean 166 miles east of
Saint John's Newfoundland in Canada it's
known for its Rich oil and gas reserves
it's also known for its severe weather
conditions particularly in Winter and
the ocean depths in the area range from
100 feet to 600 feet on the morning of
the 14th of February 1982 84 crew
members aboard the ocean Ranger receive
weather forecasts that predicts a severe
winter storm is rapidly approaching the
grand Banks the storm is linked to a
major Atlantic Cyclone this time of year
the region is often subjected to extreme
weather events and this incoming storm
is forecast to be particularly powerful
the ocean Ranger is designed to weather
such an extreme storm the rigs
previously withstood harsh conditions
leading the crew and the rigs operators
to have confidence in its ability to
handle this storm the crew of the ocean
ranges start to prepare for the severe
weather standard procedures involve
securing any loose equipment checking
that all weather tight doors and
portholes are sealed and ensuring the
stability of the rig by managing its
ballast tanks the ballast control system
is critical in maintaining the rig
stability it regulates the amount of
water in the ballast tanks located
beneath the rig allowing the rig to
adjust its buoyancy instability in
response to the sea conditions in
preparation for the storm the crew
checked the system thoroughly even
though they start making these necessary
precautions there's no immediate cause
for concern they know the rigs weathered
these storms before despite the expected
severity of this storm regular
operations on the rig continue as the
evening sets in the storm reaches the
ocean Ranger high winds and towering
waves dwarf the immense size of the
ocean Ranger it's designed to handle
winds up to 100 knots and waves up to
110 feet high but this storm is proving
to be extraordinarily powerful with
waves that go beyond the Riggs
calculated limits at 1900 a rogue wave
hits a nearby rig the sidco 706 which is
also operated by mobile the wave damages
deck gear and washes away a Lifeboat
despite the deteriorating weather and
increasing sea State the ocean Ranger
continues its drilling operations the
crew have faith in the rig and the
culture of the offshore industry is that
interruptions to operations are avoided
at all costs however the conditions are
becoming challenging the crew have to
navigate the rig in the stormy weather
working to keep everything running
smoothly and safely this requires
constant monitoring of the rig systems
especially the ballast control system
that is crucial to maintaining the rig
stability in the turbulent sea
communication with the shore also
continues reporting on the rig status
and the evolving situation this
commitment to continuing operations in
spite of the declining weather
conditions goes to show the level of
confidence they have in the ocean ranges
design and capabilities or perhaps Their
Fear of reprisals for abandoning their
station
55 to 65 foot waves batter the ocean
Ranger a rogue wave slams into the
ranger just past midnight this Rogue
Wave is significantly larger than other
waves in the storm which are already
pushing the ranger to its calculated
limits the wave strikes with such force
that it shatters the glass of a porthole
window in the ballast control room the
nerve center responsible for maintaining
the rig stability the porthole is only
25 feet above the water line with each
subsequent wave sea water pours into the
room through the broken portal this room
is filled with the electronic equipments
and control panels that control the
ballast tank systems with seawater
flooding the control center system start
and malfunction almost immediately the
sea water causes significant electrical
shorts within the system leading to the
malfunction of key components in the
ballast control system at 2100 the setco
706 radio operator picks up radio
communication on the ocean Ranger
describing how valves on Ocean ranges
ballast systems appear to be opening and
closing on their own the crew can't
control the rigs list and trim and it
becomes progressively more unstable
while the crew tried to manually control
the ballast the storm gets worse and
more sea water pours into the control
center without the ability to properly
control the ballast tanks the rig starts
to list or tilt towards the front of the
rig this means that as the rig rides
into the oncoming waves its bow is
riding lower into each subsequent wave
which pushes it further into the water
rather than riding up and over the
oncoming waves water starts to flood the
forward chain Lockers in the corner
support columns the crew operating the
bat control have several disadvantages
water is wreaking havoc with the
automatic control system but they don't
have the proper training to know how to
manually control the system they don't
even have a manual to look up how to
override the automatic system and take
manual control that might not matter
anyway as the bow dips it forces the
stern higher out of the water the
ballast control pumps are in the stern
of the vessel as the bow sinks and the
stern Rises the ballast pumps don't have
the power to pump water up such a long
incline and out at the stern the degree
of listing increases with every passing
hour the crew begin to implement
emergency procedures these are sets of
predefined actions designed to regain
control over the rig stability and
prevents a complete disaster they
unsuccessfully try to manually control
the ballast tanks they halt all drilling
operations and prepare for a potential
evacuation they shut down all
non-essential systems and operations on
the rig in order to focus all resources
on crisis management they share the
drill string and cut away from the
blowout preventer something the
Deepwater Horizon wasn't able to do I'll
leave a link to that video here while
the crew are experienced and they've
been trained for emergency situations
the combination of a severe storm
malfunctioning equipment and a listing
rig creates an exceptionally challenging
and dangerous situation at 0052 the
ocean Ranger makes a Mayday call standby
support vessel Seaforth Highlander is
requested to come in close
countermeasures against the 10 to 15
degree list are proving ineffective
Canadian Coast Guard and mobile operated
helicopters are alerted just after 0-100
hospitals in St John's are put on
standby the support vessels Bolton tour
and norditor the standby vessels of
sidco 706 and Zapata ukland are
sequestered by the Canadian Coast Guard
to provide assistance in an emergency
situation coast guards have the right to
take control of a vessel at Sea in order
to assist in emergency I've been
sequestered in the waters around Cape
Town when a small boat lost its engines
the Coast Guard directed my crew and I
to the area but by the time we got there
another larger vessel arrived on the
scene who was more capable of assisting
than the sailboat I was in
the support vessels approaching the
ocean Ranger are experiencing the same
winter storm as the ocean Ranger high
winds rough seas and poor visibility
create dangerous conditions that limits
the ability of the rescue teams to reach
the ranger they must navigate through
the violent storm reach the increasingly
unstable ocean Ranger and then Evacuate
the crew in extremely challenging
conditions every minute counts at 0-130
Ocean Ranger transmits its last message
there will be no further radio
communications from the ocean Ranger we
are going to Lifeboat stations
abandoning any boats in the ocean is a
big decision today the rule of thumb is
that you step up onto your life raft
which means your boat has already sunk
beneath you but to evacuate an offshore
oil rig adds several dimensions of
complexity Gathering essential survival
gear ensuring All crew members have life
jackets and readying the lifeboats for
evacuation all while a rig is tilting
abandoning the rig is the last resort
for the crew it means leaving the
perceived safety of the rig and facing
the harsh elements of the storm in a
Lifeboat it must be terrifying to climb
off a huge vessel that's been destroyed
by the storm and climb into a tiny boat
that by comparison is the size of a
bathtub these preparations are taking
place amidst Rising panic and confusion
with the crew acutely aware that their
lives hang in the ballots lifeboats are
designed to be launched even in extreme
conditions but the severe list of the
ocean Ranger makes it extremely
difficult the crew struggle to launch
them against the tilts of the rig the
intense wind and the Monstrous waves the
Riggs lifeboats are designed to use a
gravity drop system and so the rig needs
to be relatively level for them to
launch the crew managed to launch at
least one Lifeboat the Seaforth
Highlander sport vessel arrives on the
scene they can see bodies floating in
the water a Lifeboat with eight or nine
men approaches them the Lifeboat steams
across the stern and pulls alongside
their port quarter the Seaforth is able
to throw lines to the life raft before
they can bring anyone on board the life
raft is battered against the hull of the
seaport Highlander and collapses the men
in the water cling to the Lifeboat which
remains overturned the Seaforth fights
its way through the swell and wind to
reach the men they slowly succumb to the
cold only one man is seen wearing an
orange survival suit the Seaforth
Maneuvers into position and narrowly
misses chopping him up in its propellers
the crew on Deck throw a grappling hook
to try and pull the man onto the boat it
hooks his life jacket but the man slips
below the waterline it's simply not
possible to pull men from the water in
such rough conditions with the equipment
and deck setup they have rescue teams
from the Coast Guard Merchant vessels
Supply boats from other oil rigs
aircraft and helicopters descend on the
scene rescue workers battle against
towering waves freezing temperatures and
powerful winds as they search for
survivors at 0-230 the first rescue
helicopter arrives on the scene Captain
Mike Clark the pilot of the search and
rescue helicopter from Gander lowers
search and rescue technician Master
Corporal Randy Brown from a 24 meter
cable into the freezing water and
Howling Gale to try and retrieve the
first man they see he's already dead
snow and waves estimated at 16 meters
make their efforts impossible it's the
first and last Airborne rescue attempt
the conditions are too dangerous flying
over the search area Rescue helicopters
fight against winds approaching 90 miles
an hour The Heavy Seas make body
recovery impossible Captain Clark
instead tries to guide the support
vessels to Bodies In The Water it
quickly becomes clear that the supply
ship are having to fight for their own
Survival sending men out on Deck to
recover bodies is a suicide mission a
rescue helicopter lands for refueling on
another rig the rig is pitching
violently in The Heavy Seas the
helicopter crew becomes seasick to the
point they have to abandon the refueling
and return to their base on land the
rigs severe list deteriorates until it
reaches a critical point where the rig
is no longer stable at 0313 the ocean
Ranger capsizes and sinks below the
water line the search and rescue
operation turns into a recovery
operation in the days that follow debris
and personal effects from the ocean
Ranger wash up on the Newfoundland Coast
even though hospitals in Saint John's
are on standby not one patient from the
ocean Ranger is admitted all 84 crew
members aboard the ocean Ranger are lost
only 22 bodies of the 84 crew are
recovered they're brought to year 17 in
Saint John's Harbor newspaper reporters
are held back so that no photographs can
be taken a Russian trawler mechanic
tarasov sinks in the same storm the
bodies of the Russian seamen are brought
to the same Pier off duty ocean Ranger
crew members were asked to check the
Russian bodies to make sure no men from
the ocean Ranger were accidentally sent
to Russia after the storm has passed
sonar and underwater rovs are used to
locate the wreckage of the ocean Ranger
on the sea floor the rig lies in water
around 100 feet deep it's decided that
this shallow depth poses a hazard for
marine traffic and so the rig will be
re-floated and sunk in deeper water a
European company is given the contract
to salvage the rig during these
operations two divers are sent to
recover fuel from tanks in the Pontoon
they cut into the Pontoon using a
cutting torch gases from the fuel
ignites creating an explosion killing
the two divers another diver is killed a
week later when a large piece of metal
debris falls from the Salvage ship and
crushes him against the sunken rig
bringing the total death toll of the
ocean Ranger to 87 men
foreign
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