Naturaleza vs Crianza 3/4
Summary
TLDREl video aborda la importancia del desarrollo emocional y cognitivo en la infancia, destacando el papel fundamental del tacto y la atención emocional de los padres en el crecimiento saludable de los niños. Se menciona que la falta de contacto físico o atención puede generar consecuencias profundas, incluso si los niños no son abusados o maltratados directamente. También se exploran temas de violencia en la sociedad, vinculados a traumas infantiles severos, y cómo la interacción social y las relaciones humanas influyen en el desarrollo del cerebro a lo largo de la vida.
Takeaways
- 🧠 La memoria implícita de los bebés puede verse afectada por experiencias tempranas, incluso aquellas que no recuerdan.
- 👶 Los bebés prematuros que reciben caricias diarias en la espalda muestran un mejor desarrollo cerebral.
- 🤱 El contacto humano es esencial para el desarrollo; los bebés que no son tocados pueden morir por falta de contacto físico.
- ⚠️ Existe una tendencia errónea en nuestra sociedad que desalienta a los padres a consolar y cargar a sus bebés por miedo a malcriarlos.
- 😔 Los bebés que no reciben suficiente atención emocional pueden desarrollar una percepción de un mundo indiferente.
- 🌍 Las experiencias tempranas de los padres, como el estrés y la adversidad, pueden influir significativamente en el desarrollo de sus hijos.
- 👪 La crianza y las relaciones sociales en la primera infancia determinan si un niño crecerá en un entorno cooperativo o en uno conflictivo.
- 💔 La ausencia emocional de los padres, aunque estén físicamente presentes, afecta el desarrollo emocional de los niños ('abandono proximal').
- 🔪 Las personas violentas, como criminales, a menudo fueron víctimas de abusos extremos en su infancia.
- 🧬 El desarrollo humano está profundamente influenciado por las relaciones sociales y el entorno, desde la niñez hasta la adultez, según el concepto de 'neurobiología interpersonal'.
Q & A
¿Por qué es importante el contacto físico en el desarrollo de los bebés?
-El contacto físico, como acariciar a los bebés, es esencial para el desarrollo cerebral. Bebés que no son tocados o acariciados, incluso por unos pocos minutos al día, pueden ver afectado su desarrollo, y en casos extremos, los bebés que nunca son cargados pueden llegar a morir.
¿Qué efecto tiene el no atender a un bebé que llora, según el video?
-Si un bebé que llora no es atendido, podría eventualmente dejar de llorar, pero no porque esté satisfecho, sino porque su cerebro se desconecta como una defensa ante la sensación de abandono.
¿Qué es el 'abandono proximal' según el psicólogo Alan Shore?
-El abandono proximal ocurre cuando un padre está físicamente presente pero emocionalmente ausente, lo cual afecta negativamente el desarrollo emocional del niño.
¿Cómo se transmite la experiencia de adversidad de los padres a los hijos?
-Los padres transmiten de manera inconsciente su experiencia de adversidad a los hijos, ya sea a través de su temperamento, agotamiento o depresión, lo cual programa el desarrollo emocional y cognitivo del niño.
¿Qué sostiene la teoría del 'neurobiología interpersonal' de Daniel Siegel?
-La teoría de la neurobiología interpersonal sostiene que el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso de una persona depende de sus relaciones personales, comenzando con sus cuidadores y extendiéndose a otras figuras importantes y la cultura en general.
¿Qué afirmó el psiquiatra D.W. Winnicott sobre los problemas en la infancia?
-Winnicott afirmó que en la infancia pueden ocurrir dos tipos de problemas: aquellos que no deberían suceder (como el abuso o el abandono) y aquellos que deberían suceder pero no ocurren (como la atención emocional disponible de los padres).
¿Cómo se relaciona la violencia en adultos con la infancia según el video?
-La violencia en adultos, como en criminales peligrosos, a menudo está vinculada a haber sido víctimas de abuso extremo en la infancia, lo cual influye en su comportamiento violento posterior.
¿Qué diferencia hay entre sociedades violentas y pacíficas según el video?
-La violencia no es universal. Hay sociedades extremadamente pacíficas, como los menonitas o los huteritas, que no registran homicidios, mientras que otras sociedades son autodestructivas debido a altos niveles de violencia.
¿Qué dice el video sobre el impacto de la cultura en el desarrollo humano?
-El desarrollo humano está profundamente influenciado por la interacción con el entorno social y psicológico, así como por la cultura en la que una persona crece y continúa existiendo.
¿Por qué se menciona a los Hutteritas y los kibbutzim en el contexto de la violencia?
-Los Hutteritas y los kibbutzim son ejemplos de sociedades con niveles extremadamente bajos de violencia, hasta el punto de que personas condenadas por crímenes violentos son enviadas a vivir en los kibbutzim para aprender un estilo de vida no violento.
Outlines
🧠 La importancia del tacto humano en el desarrollo infantil
Este párrafo destaca el papel crucial del tacto humano en el desarrollo cerebral de los bebés, especialmente en aquellos que nacen prematuros. Explica que el contacto físico, como acariciar la espalda del bebé, estimula el crecimiento cerebral. El texto también critica las prácticas sociales que desalientan a los padres a consolar a sus hijos por temor a malcriarlos, lo que puede afectar negativamente su desarrollo emocional y crear una percepción de abandono. Esta experiencia temprana puede generar una visión del mundo desconfiada y adversa en el niño.
🌍 Interdependencia en el desarrollo humano
El segundo párrafo aborda la idea de la interconexión en el desarrollo humano, citando al Buda y al concepto moderno de la 'biopsicosocialidad'. Se explica que el desarrollo biológico de una persona depende de sus relaciones sociales y psicológicas, especialmente con los cuidadores en la infancia, pero también a lo largo de la vida. El término 'neurobiología interpersonal', acuñado por Daniel Siegel, se menciona para ilustrar cómo el sistema nervioso se moldea por las interacciones personales y el entorno cultural, desde la infancia hasta la vejez.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Memoria implícita
💡Desarrollo cerebral
💡Abandono proximal
💡Violencia
💡Relaciones interpersonales
💡Neurobiología interpersonal
💡Abuso infantil
💡Reciprocidad
💡Seguridad emocional
💡Plasticidad cerebral
Highlights
Implicit memory plays a role in incidents that may not be consciously recalled but have lasting effects.
Premature infants who are touched and stroked for just 10 minutes a day show improved brain development.
Human touch is essential for development, and infants who are never held may actually die due to lack of physical contact.
There is a societal tendency to discourage parents from picking up their crying babies, which can have detrimental effects on the child’s emotional development.
Children who seem to go back to sleep after not being picked up may actually shut down emotionally as a defense mechanism against abandonment.
Parental stress and adversity are unconsciously passed on to children, shaping their emotional and cognitive development.
Early experiences, such as nurturing or conflict, prime children for the type of world they expect to grow up in, impacting their future interactions.
The British psychiatrist D.W. Winnicott noted two key childhood issues: when things that shouldn’t happen do, and when things that should happen don’t.
Proximal abandonment is when a parent is physically present but emotionally unavailable, which can harm the child’s emotional development.
Many violent criminals were victims of extreme child abuse or witnessed the murder of close family members, which deeply impacted their behavior.
The Buddha’s teaching that everything is interconnected aligns with modern ideas of biopsychosocial human development, where biology is shaped by social and psychological environments.
Interpersonal neurobiology suggests that the functioning of the nervous system is closely tied to personal relationships, especially in childhood.
Humans have lived in various types of societies, from egalitarian hunter-gatherer groups to more violent, organized societies.
Some societies, like the Amish or Hutterites, practice strict pacifism, with some showing virtually no cases of homicide.
In Israel’s kibbutzim, violence is so low that violent offenders are sometimes sent there to learn how to live non-violently.
Transcripts
place and that's strictly a function of
implicit memory which sometimes has to
do with incidents they don't even
[Music]
recall infants were born premature are
often in incubators and various types of
gadgetry and machinery for weeks and
perhaps months it's not known that if
these children are touched and stroked
on the back for just 10 minutes a day
that promotes the brain development so
human touch is essential for development
and in fact infants who are never picked
up will actually die that how much of a
fundamental need being held is to human
beings in our society there's an
unfortunate tendency to tell parents not
to pick up their kids not to hold them
not to um uh pick up babies who are
crying for fear of spoiling them or to
to encourage them to sleep through the
night you don't pick them up which is
just the opposite of what the child
needs and these children might go back
to sleep because they give up and every
brains are shut down as a way
of Defending against the vulnerability
or being abandoned really by their
parents but their implicit memories will
be that of a world that doesn't give a
damn a lot of these uh differences uh
are structured very early in life uh in
a way the if you like the parental
experience of adversity how tough life
is or how easy it is is passed on to
children whether through maternal
depression or parents being bad tempered
with their kids CU they've had a hard
day or just being too tired at the end
of the day and these have very powerful
effects uh programming children's
development which we know a lot about
now but that early sensitivity isn't
just an evolutionary mistake it exists
again in many different species even
seedlings as early adaptive process to
the kind of environment they're growing
up in but for humans the adaptation is
to the quality of social
relations and so uh early life how
nurturing or how much conflict how much
attention you get um is a taster of the
kind of world you may be growing up in
are you growing up in a world where you
have to fight for what you can get watch
your back fend for yourself learn not to
trust others or are you growing up in a
societ where you depend on reciprocity
mutuality cooperation where empathy is
important where your security depends on
good relations with other people and
that needs a very different uh emotional
and cognitive development and that's
what the early sensitivity is about and
Par parenting is almost quite
unconsciously a system for passing on
that experience to Children of the kind
of world they're in the Great British CH
psychiatrist DW wiot said that
fundamentally two things can go wrong in
childhood one is when things happen that
shouldn't happen and then things that
should happen but don't in the first
category is the traumatic and abusive
and abandonment experiences of my
downtown Eide patients and of many
addicts that's what shouldn't happen but
did but then there is
the nonstressed attuned non-distracted
attention of the parent that every child
needs that very often children don't get
they're not abused they're not neglected
and and they're not
traumatized but what should happen the
presence of the emotionally available
nurturing parent just is not available
to them because of the stresses in our
society and the parenting environment
and the psychologist um Alan Shore calls
that proximal abandonment when the
present the parent is physically present
but emotionally absent
I have spent
uh oh roughly the last 40 years of my
life um working with the most violent
people our society produces murderers
rapists and so on in an attempt to
understand what causes this violence I
discovered that the most violent of the
criminals in our prisons had themselves
been
victims of a degree of child abuse that
was beyond the scale of what I ever
thought of applying the term child abuse
to I had no idea of the depth of the
depravity with which children in our
society are all too often treated uh the
most violent people I saw were
themselves the survivors of their own
attempted murder often at the hands of
their parents or other people in their
social environment or were the survivors
of family members who' been killed their
closest family members by by other
people
the Buddha argued um that everything
depends on everything else he says the
one contains the many and the many
contains the one that you can't
understand anything in isolation from
its environment the leaf contains the
sun the sky and the Earth
obviously
uh this has not been shown to be true of
course all around and specifically when
it comes to human
development uh the modern scientific
term for it is the biopsychosocial
nature of human development which says
that the biology of human beings uh
depends very much on their interaction
with the social and psychological
environment and specifically the
psychiatrist and
researcher uh Daniel seagull at
University of California Los Angeles
UCLA is coin the phrase interpersonal
neurobiology which means to say that the
way that our nervous system functions
depends very much on our personal
relationships in the first place with
the the parenting caregivers and in the
second place with other important
attachment figures in our lives and in
the third place with our entire culture
so that you can't separate the
neurological functioning of a human
being from the environment in which he
or she grew up in and continues to exist
in and uh this is true throughout the
life cycle it's particularly true when
you're dependent and helpless and your
brain is developing but it's true even
in adults and even at the end of life
[Music]
human beings have lived in almost every
kind of society from uh the most
egalitarian um hunting and Gathering
societies seem to have been very
egalitarian for instance based on food
sharing gift exchange small bands of
people living predominantly off of
foraging um but a little bit of hunting
predominantly among people you have at
the least known your entire life if not
surrounded by third cousins or closer in
a world in which there is a great deal
of fluidity between different groups in
a world in which there is not a whole
lot in terms of material culture this is
how humans have spent most of their
homant history and no surprise that
makes for a very different world one of
the things you get as a result of that
is far less violence organized group
violence is not something that occurred
at that time of human history and it
seems quite
clear so where did we go wrong violence
is
not uh Universal it's not symmetrically
distributed throughout the human race
there is a huge variation in the amount
of violence in different societies there
are some societies that have virtually
no violence there are others that uh
destroy themselves some of the um
anabaptist religious groups that are
complete strict pacifists like the Amish
the menites the Hutterites among some of
these groups the Hutterites uh there are
no recorded cases of
homicide um uh during uh our major Wars
like World War II where people were
being drafted they would refuse to serve
in the military they would go to prison
rather than serve in the military in the
kabutu in Israel the level of violence
is so low that the criminal courts there
will often send violence offenders
people have committed crimes to live on
the km in order to learn how to live a
nonviolent life because that's the way
people live there so we are amply shaped
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