MATATAG_AP7_Q1_W7_Part2_ Mga Sinaunang Kabihasnan sa Pangkapuluang Timog Silangang Asya
Summary
TLDRThis educational video explores ancient civilizations in Southeast Asia, focusing on significant empires like Srivijaya, Sailendra, and Majapahit. It discusses their contributions to early history and culture, with Srivijaya known for its wealth in gold and Buddhism, while Majapahit expanded its influence through the conquest of neighboring territories. The video also highlights Malacca's strategic importance as a trading center, facilitating the exchange of goods between Europe, India, Arabia, China, and Southeast Asia. The spread of Islam in the region is also covered, emphasizing its impact on local culture and architecture.
Takeaways
- 📚 The lecture discusses Week 7's second part on the ancient civilizations in mainland and Insular Southeast Asia.
- 🌏 It covers ancient kingdoms like Srivijaya, Sailendra, Majapahit, and Malacca, emphasizing their contributions to the early history and society of Southeast Asia.
- 🏰 Srivijaya was a powerful maritime empire based in Sumatra, known for its wealth and control over key trade routes.
- 🔱 The term 'Srivijaya' is Sanskrit for 'Great Victory' or 'Great Conquest', and it was referred to by Chinese writers as the 'Gold Land' due to its wealth.
- 🧘♂️ Buddhism was the dominant religion in Srivijaya, with the spread of the religion facilitated by Chinese Buddhist monks traveling to Nalanda University in India via the Strait of Malacca.
- 🗿 The Sailendra dynasty, meaning 'Lord of the Mountains' in Sanskrit, was significant in Central Java and adopted Buddhism, leaving behind monuments like Borobudur.
- 🚢 Majapahit, succeeding the衰落 of the Sailendra dynasty, expanded its power by taking over territories once controlled by Srivijaya and other smaller kingdoms.
- 🌊 Malacca, strategically located at the narrows of the Malacca Strait, became a crucial trade center connecting Europe, India, Arabia, China, and Southeast Asia.
- 📈 The fall of Majapahit was marked by the rise of Islam in the region, with Javanese Muslims eventually capturing the capital and forcing the royal family to retreat to Bali.
- 🕌 The establishment of Islamic power in Malacca led to the spread of Islam across the Malay Peninsula and into the southern Philippines, along with the introduction of Muslim culture, including the Arabic script, literature, and architecture.
Q & A
What are the main ancient civilizations discussed in the script?
-The main ancient civilizations discussed in the script are Srivijaya, Sailendra, and Majapahit.
What is the significance of the ancient civilizations in Insular Southeast Asia?
-The ancient civilizations of Insular Southeast Asia, such as Srivijaya, Sailendra, and Majapahit, are significant for their contributions to the ancient history and culture of Southeast Asia.
What does the term 'Srivijaya' mean in Sanskrit?
-The term 'Srivijaya' in Sanskrit means 'great victory' or 'great conquest'.
What was the main religion practiced in the Srivijaya empire?
-Buddhism was the main religion practiced in the Srivijaya empire.
Why was the Strait of Malacca significant during the time of the Srivijaya empire?
-The Strait of Malacca was significant because it was a major trade route, and the Srivijaya empire controlled this strategic location, which contributed to its wealth and power.
What is the meaning of 'Sailendra' in Sanskrit?
-In Sanskrit, 'Sailendra' means 'king of the mountains' or 'mountain king'.
What is the significance of the Borobudur monument in the context of the Sailendra dynasty?
-The Borobudur monument is a significant Buddhist structure built by the Sailendra dynasty, showcasing their patronage of Buddhism and their architectural prowess.
How did the Majapahit empire expand its influence?
-The Majapahit empire expanded its influence by conquering territories previously controlled by the Srivijaya and other smaller kingdoms.
What was the role of Malacca in the trade network during the time of the Majapahit empire?
-Malacca, or Melaka, was a central port in the trade network during the time of the Majapahit empire, facilitating the exchange of goods between Europe, India, Arabia, China, and Southeast Asia.
What led to the decline of the Majapahit empire?
-The decline of the Majapahit empire was due to the rise of new powers in the region, particularly the spread of Islam and the establishment of Muslim rule in Java.
How did the spread of Islam affect the region's culture and trade?
-The spread of Islam in the region led to the adoption of Muslim religion, culture, and the Arabic script, which influenced literature and architecture, and also played a role in the trade network as Muslim traders became prominent.
Outlines
🏰 Ancient Civilizations in Southeast Asia
This paragraph delves into the ancient civilizations of Southeast Asia, focusing on Insular Southeast Asia, which includes significant historical powers such as Srivijaya, Sailendra, and Majapahit. The paragraph discusses their contributions to the region's history and culture. Srivijaya, based in modern-day Indonesia, was known as a prosperous empire from the 7th to the 13th century, with its capital in Palembang. It was renowned for controlling the maritime trade routes, particularly the Strait of Malacca. The Sailendra dynasty, which accepted Buddhism, constructed the monumental Borobudur temple in Java, showcasing the region's architectural prowess. Majapahit, which succeeded Srivijaya, expanded its influence over territories previously controlled by smaller kingdoms and solidified its power under the leadership of Gaja Mada.
🚢 The Strategic Importance of Malacca
Paragraph 2 highlights the strategic and economic significance of Malacca, a key trading port located near the modern-day Singapore. It was a crucial hub for maritime trade, connecting regions as diverse as Bengal, China, and Europe. Goods such as cloves from the Maluku Islands, camphor and gold from Sumatra, and sandalwood from Timor were traded through Malacca, which was under the control of Majapahit. The paragraph also discusses the shift in power as Muslim Javanese forces, who had adopted Islam, challenged Majapahit's rule. The fall of Majapahit to these forces led to the establishment of a new power base in Malacca, which facilitated the spread of Islam throughout the Malay Peninsula and the southern Philippines. The paragraph emphasizes the cultural impact of the Muslim presence, including the introduction of Arabic script, literature, and architecture, which became integral to the region's heritage.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Insular Southeast Asia
💡Srivijaya
💡Sunda
💡Majapahit
💡Buddhism
💡Strait of Malacca
💡Sailendra
💡Borobudur
💡Islam
💡Melaka
💡Trade
Highlights
The lecture explores ancient civilizations in Southeast Asia, specifically in the mainland and Insular Southeast Asia regions.
It discusses the significance of ancient kingdoms such as Srivijaya, Sailendra, and Majapahit in the region's history and culture.
The Srivijaya Empire, based in present-day Indonesia, is noted for its control over the maritime trade routes.
The term 'Srivijaya' is Sanskrit for 'great victory' or 'great expanse', reflecting its vast influence.
The Chinese referred to Srivijaya as the 'Gold District' due to its wealth and control over the gold trade.
Buddhism was the predominant religion in Srivijaya, with the religion's spread facilitated by Chinese Buddhists traveling to India via the Strait of Malacca.
The Sailendra dynasty, meaning 'lord of the mountains' in Sanskrit, was a major power in Central Java during the transition from Srivijaya to Majapahit.
The Borobudur monument, a testament to the Sailendra's Buddhist faith, is architecturally distinct and not a tomb or place of worship.
The Majapahit Empire, succeeding the Sailendra, expanded its power through the acquisition of territories once controlled by Srivijaya.
The empire's influence reached as far as the Malay Peninsula, with tributary states in Southeast Asia.
The rise of maritime trade and the establishment of Malacca as a central hub is highlighted, due to its strategic location.
Malacca's significance as a trade center is underscored by the exchange of goods such as cloves, camphor, and gold.
The lecture notes the shift in power in the region with the arrival of Muslim traders and the spread of Islam.
The fall of Majapahit is attributed to internal strife and the rise of new powers in the region, including the adoption of Islam by the Javanese.
The importance of Malacca's strategic location in controlling the trade routes between Europe, India, Arabia, China, and Southeast Asia is emphasized.
The cultural impact of the spread of Islam is discussed, including the introduction of Arabic script, literature, and architecture.
The lecture concludes by emphasizing the continuous study of the mainland and Insular Southeast Asia's ancient civilizations.
Transcripts
makasaysayang araw narito ang ating
aralin sa ap7 1 week 7 ikalawang bahagi
mga sinaunang kabihasnan sa mainland
Southeast Asia o pangkontinente at
Insular Southeast Asia o
pangkapuluan mga sinaunang kabihasnan sa
Insular Southeast Asia o pangkapuluang
Timog Silangang Asya mga layunin
nasusuri ang mga sinaunang kabihasnan sa
Insular Southeast Asia o pangkapuluan
gaya ng srivijaya
sendra majapahit at malaca
napahahalagahan ang mga naging
kontribusyon ng mga sinaunang kabihasnan
ng timogsilangang Asya sa sinaunang
kasaysayan at lipunan at nakagagawa ng
sanaysay tungkol sa naging paraan ng
pamumuhay ng mga sinaunang
kabihasnan mga sinaunang kaharian sa
pangkapuluang timogsilangang
asya tatlong malalakas na kaharian ang
naitayo sa pangkapuluang timogsilangang
sa kasalukuyang Indonesia nakabase ang
mga kaharian ng Sri vijaya at mad pahit
kasama ang
sailendra samantala ang malaka ay nabuo
sa kasalukuyang Malaysia Kakaiba ang
Pilipinas sa dahilang walang imperyong
nabuo rito sa halip ay mga pamayanang
Barangay imperyong srivijaya umusbong
ang imperyo ng Sri vijaya bandang ika na
siglo at tumagal hanggang ika tatlong
siglo ang kabisera nito ay ang palembang
sa timog silangang dalang pasika ng
sumatra ang terminong srivijaya ay mula
sa salitang sanskrit na nangangahulugang
dakilang tagumpay o dakilang
pagsakop ginjo naman ang tawag ng mga
manunulat na Tsino sa nasabing kaharian
na ang ibig sabihin ay distrito ng ginto
o dalampasigan ng ginto ito ay sa
kadahilanang nakilala bilang kahariang
na Mayaman sa
ginto sakop nito ang mga dalang pasiga
ng Malay Peninsula sumatra kanlurang
kalimantan at kanlurang
Java Buddhism ang pangunahing relihiyon
dito ang paglaganap ng nasabing
relihiyon ay bunga ng paglalakbay ng mga
mongheng buddhist mula sa China Upang
mag-aral sa Pamantasang monastic sa
nalanda sa hilagang
India dahil ang dinaraanan nila mula sa
China India ay ang stra of malaca naging
mahalagang sentro ang kaharian ng
srivijaya sa ruta ng peregrination of
pilgrimage route kadalasang nananatili
sila rito upang pag-aralan ang mga
wikang sanskrit at Malay bago tumuloy sa
India Ayon nga sa isang mongheng Tsino
na si eing mainam kung mananatili muna
sa srivijaya ang mga peregrin buddhist
bago tumuloy sa India mula ikapo
hanggang ika-1 siglo naging
pinakamakapangyarihan ang pwersang
pandagat ng Sri vaya sa rehiyon dahil
kontrol nila ang rutang pangkalakalan
ang
malaca kaharian ng
sailendra sa panahon ng pamamayagpag ng
sveva ang pinakatanyag na pinuno ng
gitnang Java ay ang mga sailendras
nangangahulugan sa sanskrit na hari ng
kabundukan
kagaya ng srivijaya tumanggap din ang
kaharian ng sailendras ng Buddhism isa
sa pamana ng nasabing kaharian ang
monumentong buddhist na tinawag na bubud
dur kakaiba ang estruktura nito sapagkat
hindi ito ginawa upang magsilbing lugar
na libingan ng hari o magsilbing lugar
na sambahan ng mga tao sa katunayan isa
itong banal na kabundukan lampas pa sa
100 talampakan ang taas isa itong
monumentong Javanese itinayo para sa
layuning Javanese
imperyong mad pahit sinasabing umusbong
mula sa huminang kapangyarihan ng kadiri
matapos ang panandaliang pananakop ng
mga mongol simula noong 1293 pinalawak
ng mad pahit ang kapangyarihan nito sa
pamamagitan ng pagsakop sa mga
teritoryong dating kontrolado ng
srivijaya at iba pang maliliit na
kaharian sa huling bahagi ng ika-14 na
siglo nasakop ng madjapahit ang
kanlurang Borneo timog SB Island ngayon
ay sulawesi at ang mukas lumaganap ang
kapangyarihan nito sa Malay Peninsula
nagbibigay ng trib sa nasabing kaharian
ang mga estado sa Timog Silangang
Asya sa panahong ito naabot ng
madjapahit ang rurok ng tagumpay sa
ilalim ng pamumuno ni gaj mada
subalit sa pagtatapos ng ika-15 siglo
hinamon ang kapangyarihan ng madjapahit
ng paglaganap ng pamimirata sa mga
sasakyang pangkalakalan na pupunta sa
Singapore malaca ase madura at Penang
walang nakaligtas sa mga pirata kundi
ang malaca isang daungang matatagpuan sa
makitid na kipot na naghihiwalay sa
sumatra mula sa Malay Peninsula ang
huling hamon na nagpabagsak sa majapahit
ay ang paglaganap ng bagong pwersa sa
rehiyon ang Islam subalit hindi mga
dayuhan ang nagpatalsik sa majapahit
kundi mga Javanese na tumanggap ng
relihiyong
Islam taong 152 nang makuha ng mga
Muslim na Javanese ang kapital ng
majapahit kung kaya't napilitan ang
pamilya ng hari na umatras sa
bali
malaca ang kahalagahan ng malaca o
melaka ay makikita sa pagiging sentrong
pangkalakalan nito sa daungan ng malaca
malapit sa kasalukuyang Singapore
dinadala ang mga rekado o pampalasa gaya
ng nmag mula sa banda Island cloves mula
sa mukas at Paminta mula sa sumatra at
Kanluran Java bukod dito may mga
alkampor o camf at ginto mula sa sumatra
at sundal wood mula sa timor karamihan
dito ay isinasakay sa mga sasakyang
pangkalakalan na dumadaong sa malaca
pagkatapos dinadala ang mga ito sa India
at mula roon patungo sa Europa mula sa
India dumadaong naman sa malaca ang mga
sasakyang pangkalakalan na naglalaman ng
mga bulak mula sa Bengal bulak at tela
mula sa cambe opio mula sa Arabia Lana o
wol sumbrero glass beads o piraso ng
Kristal na tinutuhog
upang maging kwentas at produktong yari
sa metal mula sa
Mediterranean mula naman sa China ay
dinadala sa malaca ang seda satin at
broco gayon din ang mga porselana perlas
at
pila malinaw ang kahalagahan ng malaca
bilang sentrong pangkalakalan sa
katunayan sinumang makakontrolar
ay may monopolyo sa daloy ng kalakalan
sa pagitan ng Europa India Arabia China
at timog silangang asya nang makuha ng
mga Muslim ang malaka mula sa mad pahit
ay naitatag na ng mga Muslim ang
kapangyarihan sa
rehiyon mula sa malakas na base sa
malaca lumaganap ang Islam sa Malay
Peninsula hanggang sa timog na bahagi ng
Pilipinas kaakibat ng paglaganap ng
relihiyon ng mga Muslim ang paglaganap
din ng kanilang kultura gaya ang letrang
Arabic o Arabic script panitikan at
arkitektura mga sinaunang kabihasnan sa
mainland Southeast Asia pangkontinente
at Insular Southeast Asia
pangkapuluan laging tandaan magaral fan
sa aralan
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