Perkembangan dan Penyebaran Hindu Buddha di Indonesia | Part 2

Summary

This educational video delves into the development and spread of Hindu-Buddhist religions in Indonesia, focusing on key kingdoms such as Srivijaya, Kediri, Singosari, and Majapahit. It explores their historical contexts, influential rulers, and significant contributions like religious teachings, arts, and literature. Notable figures like Balaputradewa of Srivijaya, Jayabaya of Kediri, and Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit are highlighted for their roles in shaping their respective empires. The video also discusses the factors leading to the downfall of these kingdoms, including invasions, internal conflicts, and the rise of Islam in the region.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sriwijaya was a major Buddhist kingdom in Indonesia, with its location being debated between Palembang and Jambi, but it was undeniably a dominant force in the southern part of Sumatra.
• 😀 The founder of Sriwijaya was Dapunta Hyang, and the greatest king of the kingdom was Balaputradewa, who helped establish its dominance over the Strait of Malacca and Sunda.
• 😀 Sriwijaya played a significant role in the spread of Buddhism in Southeast Asia, particularly as a center for Chinese Buddhist monks to study Sanskrit and Pallava script.
• 😀 Sriwijaya’s downfall was primarily caused by the Chola Empire's invasion, which weakened the kingdom and eventually led to its collapse.
• 😀 The Kediri Kingdom, established by Airlangga in East Java, was notable for its literary achievements, including the creation of important texts like Arjuna Wiwaha and Bharatayudha.
• 😀 Airlangga’s wisdom in dividing the kingdom into two parts, Panjalu and Jenggala, helped avoid conflicts between his sons. However, Kediri eventually fell due to internal conflicts and a rebellion led by Ken Arok.
• 😀 The Kingdom of Singosari was founded by Ken Arok after the fall of Kediri. It is known for the reign of Kertanegara, who expanded the kingdom's influence through the Pamalayu Expedition.
• 😀 The Pamalayu Expedition, ordered by Kertanegara, was aimed at securing the kingdom against Mongol invasions by conquering Sumatra and aligning smaller kingdoms to resist the Mongol threat.
• 😀 Singosari collapsed after the assassination of Kertanegara by Jayakatwang, leading to the establishment of the Majapahit Kingdom by Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara's son-in-law.
• 😀 The Majapahit Empire, under Hayam Wuruk and his advisor Gajah Mada, became a dominant force in Southeast Asia, contributing to the spread of Hinduism and producing significant cultural and literary works, such as the Sutasoma and Negarakertagama.
• 😀 Majapahit's decline came after Hayam Wuruk's death, with internal conflicts and the rise of Islam in the region, leading to the formation of the Demak Sultanate and the eventual fall of Majapahit.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video?

The video discusses the development and spread of Hindu-Buddhist religions in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms such as Sriwijaya, Kediri, Singosari, and Majapahit.

Where is the capital of the Sriwijaya Kingdom believed to be located?

The capital of the Sriwijaya Kingdom is still debated among historians. Some believe it was in Palembang, while others argue it could have been in Jambi. However, it is generally accepted that Sriwijaya was located in southern Sumatra.

Who was the founder of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The founder of the Sriwijaya Kingdom was Dapunta Hyang.

What was the significance of Sriwijaya in the spread of Buddhism?

Sriwijaya played a crucial role as a center for the spread of Buddhism in Southeast Asia. It facilitated the learning of Sanskrit and Pallava script by Buddhist monks, especially those from China, and became a key hub in the maritime trade routes linking India, China, and Southeast Asia.

What were some of the important artifacts left by the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

Important artifacts from the Sriwijaya Kingdom include temples such as Candi Muara Takus in Riau and Candi Muaro Jambi in Jambi, as well as inscriptions like the Prasasti Kota Kapur, Karang Berahi, and Kedukan Bukit.

What led to the downfall of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

The downfall of the Sriwijaya Kingdom was largely due to attacks from the Chola Kingdom of India, which weakened Sriwijaya's power and ultimately led to its collapse.

Who was the most famous ruler of the Kediri Kingdom?

The most famous ruler of the Kediri Kingdom was Jayabaya, who is known for his literary works and prophecies, including the famous 'Ratu Adil' prophecy that predicted the arrival of a just queen who would bring prosperity to the region.

What were some notable literary works from the Kediri Kingdom?

Notable literary works from the Kediri Kingdom include the 'Arjuna Wiwaha' by Mpu Kanwa, 'Bharatayudha' by Mpu Sedah and Mpu Panuluh, and 'Jangka Jayabaya' by King Jayabaya.

What caused the downfall of the Kediri Kingdom?

The downfall of the Kediri Kingdom was triggered by internal conflict, particularly the 'Perang Ganter' (Ganter War), in which the forces of King Kertajaya were defeated by Ken Arok, who later established the Singosari Kingdom.

What significant event occurred during the reign of King Kertanegara of Singosari?

During King Kertanegara's reign, the 'Ekspedisi Pamalayu' was launched in 1272. This expedition was aimed at securing the region of Sumatra to prevent Mongol invasions and to consolidate power in the region.