Triangulation in research [Meaning, Types, Examples]
Summary
TLDRThis video offers an insightful overview of triangulation, a pivotal concept in qualitative research. Triangulation enhances study validity by employing diverse methods and data sources. It encompasses methods, investigator, theory, data source, and data analysis triangulation, each contributing unique perspectives and ensuring robust findings. The video elucidates how combining various research techniques, involving multiple researchers, and utilizing different theories can lead to a comprehensive understanding of phenomena, thus enriching qualitative studies.
Takeaways
- 🔍 Triangulation in qualitative research refers to using multiple methods or data sources to gain a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon.
- 📈 It is used to increase the validity and ensure the quality of a study by confirming findings through various means.
- 👥 Methods triangulation involves using different data collection methods, such as interviews, observations, pictures, and field notes, for the same phenomenon.
- 🤝 Investigator triangulation is achieved by having multiple researchers participate in the same study to corroborate findings.
- 📚 Theory triangulation employs different theoretical perspectives to analyze and interpret data, testing competing theories against each other.
- 🌐 Data source triangulation gathers data from diverse sources like families, groups, and communities to obtain multiple perspectives on the same issue.
- 🕒 Time and space are also considered in triangulation, suggesting data collection at different times or locations for a more robust analysis.
- 🔄 Data analysis triangulation uses different analytical approaches, such as inductive and deductive methods, to draw conclusions and validate theories.
- 🔄 Method triangulation can be within a single method (e.g., using multiple qualitative methods) or across methods (combining qualitative and quantitative methods).
- 🌟 Convergence is an approach to triangulation where evidence from different sources and methods leads to a single proposition about a social phenomenon.
Q & A
What is triangulation in qualitative research?
-Triangulation in qualitative research refers to the use of multiple methods or data sources to develop a comprehensive understanding of the phenomena being studied, thereby increasing the validity and ensuring the quality of the research.
Why is triangulation important in research?
-Triangulation is important because it helps to increase the validity of research by ensuring the quality of the study through the use of various methods and data sources, which can corroborate findings and provide a more robust understanding of the research subject.
What are the different types of triangulation mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions four types of triangulation: methods triangulation, investigator triangulation, theory triangulation, and data source triangulation.
How does methods triangulation work?
-Methods triangulation involves using multiple methods of data collection about the same phenomenon, such as interviews, observations, pictures, and field notes, to gather data from various angles.
What is investigator triangulation and how does it contribute to research?
-Investigator triangulation includes the participation of two or more researchers in the same study to bring up the apparent truth or confirm the findings, enhancing the credibility of the research through multiple perspectives.
Can you explain theory triangulation and provide an example?
-Theory triangulation refers to the use of different theories to analyze and interpret data. For example, Singer used three different theories in his research on why first-born children were more adult-oriented than later-born children, devising a result strategy to test each of the competing theories.
What is data source triangulation and why is it used?
-Data source triangulation involves collecting data from different types of people, including families, groups, and communities, to get multiple perspectives of the same phenomenon, which helps to confirm findings and provide a more comprehensive view.
How does data analysis triangulation contribute to research?
-Data analysis triangulation involves using different approaches of analysis for the same data, such as inductive (drawing findings from specific to general) and deductive (using data to test existing theories), to validate and enrich the research findings.
What are the two ways Denzin classified triangulation?
-Denzin classified triangulation into within-method triangulation, where multiple qualitative methods are used, and between or across-method triangulation, where both qualitative and quantitative methods are used.
What is Sandra Matheson's view on triangulation?
-Sandra Matheson outlined an alternative way of conceptualizing triangulation as convergence, where data from different sources, use of different methods, participation of more than one investigator, and so on, will produce evidence that results in a single proposition about some social phenomena.
How does the use of multiple methods and researchers contribute to research according to Natto's review?
-Natto, after reviewing qualitative articles, reported that nine articles used convergence, such as the use of multiple methods and involving multiple researchers at the same time, to enhance the validity and comprehensiveness of their research.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Triangulation in Qualitative Research
The video begins with an introduction to triangulation, a vital concept in qualitative research. Triangulation is defined as the use of multiple methods or data sources to achieve a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon. It is employed to enhance the validity and quality of research. The speaker outlines different types of triangulation: methods triangulation, investigator triangulation, theory triangulation, data source triangulation, and data analysis triangulation. Methods triangulation involves using various data collection methods like interviews, observations, and field notes. Investigator triangulation is about multiple researchers participating in the same study to confirm findings. Theory triangulation uses different theories to interpret data. Data source triangulation collects data from diverse groups for multiple perspectives. Data analysis triangulation employs different analysis approaches, such as inductive and deductive methods. The speaker also mentions within-method triangulation, using multiple qualitative methods, and between-method triangulation, combining qualitative and quantitative methods.
🔍 Triangulation in Practice: A Review of Qualitative Articles
In the second paragraph, the speaker discusses a review conducted by Natto, which analyzed qualitative articles and found that nine of them utilized convergence as a form of triangulation. Convergence involves using multiple methods and researchers to achieve a unified proposition about a social phenomenon. The speaker concludes by inviting viewers to share their experiences with different types of triangulation in qualitative studies, highlighting the practical application and discussion of triangulation in the research community.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Triangulation
💡Validity
💡Methods Triangulation
💡Investigator Triangulation
💡Theory Triangulation
💡Data Source Triangulation
💡Data Analysis Triangulation
💡Within-Method Triangulation
💡Between-Method Triangulation
💡Convergence
💡Qualitative Research
Highlights
Introduction to the concept of triangulation in qualitative research.
Triangulation refers to the use of multiple methods or data sources to develop a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon.
Triangulation is used to increase the validity and ensure the quality of a study.
Explanation of methods triangulation, which involves using multiple methods of data collection about the same phenomenon.
Examples of methods triangulation include interviews, observations, pictures, and field notes.
Investigator triangulation involves the participation of two or more researchers to confirm findings and enhance truth.
Theory triangulation refers to using different theories to analyze and interpret the same data.
Data source triangulation involves collecting data from different groups, communities, or individuals to gain multiple perspectives on the same phenomenon.
Denzin highlighted the importance of considering time and space when using data source triangulation.
Data analysis triangulation uses different approaches like inductive and deductive methods for the same data.
Within-method triangulation refers to using multiple qualitative methods, like interviews and observation, to gather data.
Between-method triangulation combines both qualitative and quantitative methods in research.
Sandra Matheson outlined an alternative way to conceptualize triangulation through convergence of data from different sources.
Natto reviewed qualitative articles and found that many used convergence through multiple methods and researchers.
Conclusion: A summary of the triangulation concept and its application in qualitative research.
Transcripts
hello viewers today i'm going to give
you
a brief overview of one of the important
concept
in qualitative research that is
triangulation
so first of all i will explain what
triangulation is
triangulation refers to the use of
multiple methods
or data sources in qualitative research
to develop a comprehensive understanding
of the phenomena
so why we use triangulation because this
is used to
increase the validity or ensures the
quality
of your study now i explain the
different types of triangulation
methods triangulation investigator
triangulation
theory triangulation data source
triangulation
and data analysis triangulation
so viewers methods triangulation
involves
multiple methods of data collection
about the same phenomenon
this means we may merge or use
different data collection methods at the
same time
this may include interviews observation
pictures and field notes
the next is investigator triangulation
it includes the participation of two or
more researchers
in the same study to bring up the
apparent truth
or confirm the findings
this means involvement of more than one
researcher
at the time of data collection or
analysis
for example invite study of russian
elite perspectives
researchers and their local associates
conducted the interviews
and summaries or transcripts of the
interviews were
checked and supplemented by other
members of the interview team
the third type is theory triangulation
this refers to the use of
different theories to analyze and
interpret data
for example singer in one of his study
used three different theories in his
research
on why first born children were more
adult
oriented than later born children he
devised a result strategy to test
each of the competing theories
the next type is data source
triangulation which
involves the collection of data from
different type of people
including families groups communities
to get multiple perspectives of the same
phenomenon
denzen one of the research book writer
also
outline the aspects of time and space
or location while analyzing data
such as data can be collected at
different timings
to collect different aspects of the same
phenomena
or from different locations to confirm
the findings
for example grey and jones interviewed
political leaders
member of congress lobbyists academics
and members of organizations involved in
a finance campaign
another way of triangulation is through
data analysis
this involves using different approaches
of
analysis for the same data
such as inductive which means drawing
findings
and concepts out of the data and
deductive
which means using data to test existing
theories
and concepts this means
one time researcher draws results from
specific to general
and simultaneously consult existing
theories
to validate denzin also classified
triangulation in two ways within method
triangulation
where for example multiple qualitative
methods
can be used such as interviews
and observation both can be used to
gather the data
the second type is between or across
method triangulation
where both qualitative and quantitative
methods
can be used this means with qualitative
interviews
it is very common to see analysis of
surveys
electoral data economic data
public opinion polls and other
quantitative data
sandra matheson outlined an alternative
way of conceptualizing triangulation
that is convergence data from different
sources
use of different methods participation
of
more than one investigator and so on
will produce
evidence that will result in a single
proposition
about some social phenomena another
researcher
natto after reviewing a number of
qualitative articles
reported that nine articles used
convergence
such as the use of multiple methods and
involving multiple researchers at the
same time
so viewers i hope my video provided you
a complete overview of triangulation
concept
please share your experience in comment
box
that which type of triangulation you
commonly read
in qualitative studies thank you
you
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