Rolling - Industrial Process - Mechanical
Summary
TLDRThe video script details the hot rolling process of steel, essential for shaping due to its resistance when cold. Steel is heated to the right temperature in a furnace, then rolled between massive mill stands exerting tens of millions of Newtons. The layout of rolling mills varies, with different roll arrangements for products like flat strips or construction sections. After hot rolling, steel is cooled and may undergo cold rolling for thinner, flatter products, often with added coatings for protection and aesthetics.
Takeaways
- 🔥 Steel is resistant to shaping when cold, so it's rolled hot to ensure malleability.
- 🔧 The process involves heating steel to the right temperature in a furnace with multiple temperature control zones.
- 🏗️ Hot rolling squeezes the steel between rolls to achieve the desired thickness and shape, requiring immense forces.
- 🛠️ Mill stands, equipped with powerful electric motors and robust bearings, apply the necessary pressure during rolling.
- 🔄 Rolling mills can have different layouts, from single to multiple stands, arranged side by side or in a line.
- 📏 Mill rolls can be plain for flat products like cladding or profiled for construction sections like beams and columns.
- 🔄 Different roll arrangements are used depending on the product, such as two-high, three-high, and four-high stands.
- 🏭 Universal beam mills feature both horizontal and vertical rolls to bear on the steel simultaneously for accurate rolling.
- ♻️ After hot rolling, steel is cooled and prepared for further processing like cold rolling or dispatch.
- 🔄 Cold rolling is a subsequent process used to produce thinner, flatter products with improved forming properties and surface finish.
Q & A
Why is steel rolled while it's hot?
-Steel is rolled while it's hot because it is highly resistant to shaping when cold. Hot rolling ensures the steel is at the correct temperature for shaping and rolling.
What is the purpose of the furnace in the steel rolling process?
-The furnace is used to heat the steel to the correct temperature for rolling. It has several temperature control zones that the steel travels through to reach the optimal temperature.
What forces are exerted by the rolls during the hot rolling process?
-During hot rolling, the rolls exert forces of tens of millions of Newtons, equivalent to the weight of thousands of tons, to achieve the desired thickness and shape of the steel.
What are Mill stands and what is their role in the hot rolling process?
-Mill stands are massive bearings mounted in housings of enormous strength and driven by powerful electric motors. They are used to squeeze the steel between rolls to achieve the final thickness and shape.
How does the layout of a Rolling Mill vary?
-The layout of a Rolling Mill can vary from a simple single stand Mill to several stands positioned either side by side or in a line, depending on the product being rolled.
What types of mill rolls are used for different steel products?
-Mill rolls can be plain for flat products like strip used for cladding, or profiled for sections like beams and columns used in construction.
What is the simplest roll arrangement used in a rolling mill and for what type of product is it used?
-The simplest roll arrangement is a two-high stand, which is mainly used for long products such as sections.
How do four-high stands differ from two-high stands in terms of roll arrangement?
-Four-high stands have two work rolls in contact with the steel supported by larger backup rolls. This arrangement prevents distortion caused by the rolling face and provides greater accuracy for rolling flat products.
What is a Universal beam Mill and how does it differ from other mills?
-A Universal beam Mill includes stands with both horizontal and vertical rolls bearing on the steel simultaneously, allowing for the rolling of complex shapes.
What is the purpose of cold rolling of strip and how does it differ from hot rolling?
-Cold rolling of strip is used to produce a thinner, flatter product than is possible on a hot mill, down to a thickness of 0.15 mm. It also allows for better forming properties, surface finish, and can be coated with materials like zinc, tin, or plastic for protection and decorative purposes.
How is the rolled steel prepared for further processing or dispatch after the hot rolling process?
-After hot rolling, the steel is cooled in a way appropriate to its end use and then prepared for further processing or dispatch, which may include cold rolling or coating.
Outlines
🔥 Hot Rolling of Steel
The paragraph discusses the process of hot rolling steel, which is essential for shaping due to its resistance when cold. Steel is heated in a furnace, passing through temperature control zones to reach the optimal temperature for rolling. The process involves applying immense forces, equivalent to thousands of tons, using mill stands with powerful electric motors and bearings. The layout of the rolling mill can vary, and the rolls can be plain for flat products like cladding or profiled for construction sections. The paragraph also touches on different roll arrangements like two-high, three-high, and four-high stands, each serving specific product requirements. After hot rolling, steel may undergo cold rolling to achieve thinner, flatter products with improved forming properties and surface finish. Cold rolling also allows for coating the steel with materials like zinc for corrosion protection, tin for cans, or plastic coatings for additional protection and aesthetics.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Hot Rolling
💡Furnace
💡Mill Stands
💡Rolls
💡Tens of Millions of Newtons
💡Cold Rolling
💡Cladding
💡Beams and Columns
💡Universal Beam Mills
💡Coating
💡Corrosion
Highlights
Steel's resistance to shaping when cold necessitates hot rolling.
Hot rolling ensures steel is at the correct temperature for shaping.
Steel is heated in a furnace with multiple temperature control zones.
Mill stands apply tens of millions of Newtons of force during hot rolling.
Rolls are mounted in strong housings and driven by powerful electric motors.
Rolling Mill layouts can vary from single to multiple stands.
Mill rolls can be plain for flat products or profiled for construction sections.
Two-high stands are mainly used for long products like sections.
Three-high stands are used for light sections and bars with a back-and-forth rolling process.
Four-high stands provide greater accuracy for flat products with two work rolls and backup rolls.
Universal beam Mills have both horizontal and vertical rolls for simultaneous steel bearing.
Rolled steel is coiled and prepared for further processing or dispatch.
Cold rolling of strip produces thinner, flatter products than hot rolling.
Cold rolled strip has better forming properties and surface finish.
Cold rolled strip can be coated with zinc for corrosion protection, tin for cans, or plastic coating for protection and decoration.
Transcripts
steel is highly resistant to shaping
when it's cold and for that reason it is
generally rolled whilst it's
hot to make sure the steel is at the
correct temperature for rolling it is
fed into a furnace here it travels
through several temperature control
zones until it's at the correct
temperature and ready for
rolling whatever the product the
principles of hot rolling are the same
steel is squeezed between rolls until
the final thickness and shape are
achieved to do this the rolls must exert
forces of tens of millions of Newtons
equivalent to a weight of thousands of
tons the rolls therefore run in massive
bearings mounted in housings of enormous
strength and driven by powerful electric
motors these are known as Mill stands
the layout of a Rolling Mill can vary
from a simple single stand Mill to
several stands positioned either side by
side or in a line the mill rolls
themselves can either be plain for flat
products such as strip used for products
such as cladding or profiled for
sections being beames and columns for
use in
construction Mill stands have various
roll Arrangements depending on the
product being
rolled the simplest Arrangement is a two
high stand used mainly for long products
such as
sections for light sections and bars
three High stands are sometimes used
with the steel passing one way through
the bottom Gap and back through the top
toop
Gap four high stands have two work rolls
in contact with the steel supported by
larger backup rolls to prevent
Distortion caused by the Rolling face
these give greater accuracy for Rolling
flat products such as
plate Universal beam Mills include
stands with both horizontal and vertical
rolls bearing on the steel
simultaneously the rolled steel is then
Co in a way appropriate to its end use
and prepared for further processing or
dispatch one of the further processes is
Cold Rolling of strip this is used to
produce a thinner flatter product than
is possible on a hot Mill down to a
thickness of
0.15
mm forming properties and surface finish
of cold rolled strip is better it can
also be coated with zinc to protect it
from corrosion with tin for cans and
with a plastic coating or paint for
protection and decorative purposes
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