Copyright, AI, and other Digital Resources (With KARA DAVID)

Summary

In this educational video, Asst. Prof. Kara David-Cancio discusses the importance of understanding copyright in the digital age. She explains that intellectual property, including social media posts, is protected by law, and using someone else's work without permission can lead to legal consequences. The video introduces the concept of 'Fair Use,' outlining four factors to consider when using others' content responsibly. It also touches on the misuse of AI, such as deep fakes, and the ethical use of AI tools like ChatGPT, emphasizing the need to give credit where it's due and to respect the originality and ownership of content.

Takeaways

• 😲 Technology has introduced new slang terms like 'FR' (For Real), 'NGL' (Not Gonna Lie), and 'OMG' (Oh My God), which have become part of our digital communication.
• 🚫 Using 'CTTO' (Credit to the Owner) or 'No Copyright Infringement Intended' does not exempt one from copyright violations; it is not a legal defense.
• 📚 Intellectual Property (IP) includes creations of the mind, such as inventions, scripts, songs, and designs, all protected under the Intellectual Property Code.
• 📸 Copyright law prohibits others from copying, publishing, reproducing, or modifying your original work without your permission.
• 💡 Plagiarism occurs when original authors are not credited for their work, which is a form of copyright infringement.
• 🚨 Violating copyright law can result in severe penalties, including imprisonment and fines.
• 🔍 Fair Use allows limited use of copyrighted material under specific conditions, such as for news reporting, commentary, criticism, or educational purposes.
• 🎓 The four factors of Fair Use include the purpose of use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the substantiality of the portion taken, and the effect of use on the market.
• 🤖 AI technologies like deep fakes and generative AI can be misused to create false content, emphasizing the importance of ethical AI use.
• 📝 It's crucial to give proper credit and seek permission when using others' work to maintain fairness and respect intellectual property rights.

Q & A

What does 'CTTO' stand for and what is its common misuse?

CTTO stands for 'credit to the owner.' It is often misused by people who believe that by adding 'CTTO' to a post, they can use any content online without permission, which is incorrect.

What is the role of the Intellectual Property Code in digital content?

The Intellectual Property Code protects original content such as inventions, scripts, essays, songs, designs, and social media posts, ensuring that creators have exclusive rights to their work.

What are the consequences of violating copyright law as mentioned in the script?

Violating copyright law can result in penalties including one to three years in prison and a fine of not less than P50,000.

What is 'Fair Use' and how does it relate to using others' work?

Fair Use refers to the legal doctrine that allows for the use of copyrighted material without permission under certain circumstances, such as for news reporting, commentary, criticism, or educational purposes.

What are the four factors that determine whether the use of copyrighted material is considered fair use?

The four factors are: 1) Purpose of use, 2) Nature of the copyrighted work, 3) Substantiality of portion taken, and 4) Effect of use on the market.

Why is it important to acknowledge the original author when using their work under fair use?

Acknowledging the original author is important to respect their intellectual property rights and to provide proper attribution, which is often a requirement under fair use guidelines.

What is the transformative test in the context of fair use?

The transformative test refers to the alteration or transformation of the original content in a way that it becomes a new creation, such as in parodies, satires, or memes, which may qualify as fair use.

How does the script differentiate between copying content and sharing it on social media?

The script advises against copying content and instead suggests using social media features like sharing or re-posting to respect the original creator's rights.

What is a 'deep fake' and how does it relate to intellectual property and AI?

A 'deep fake' is a technique that uses AI to create false information, such as audio or video, that appears real. It relates to intellectual property as it can be used to impersonate someone without their consent, potentially infringing on their rights.

What is the generative AI ChatGPT mentioned in the script, and why is it important to use it ethically?

Generative AI ChatGPT is an AI that can generate human-like text based on prompts. It is important to use it ethically because simply copying and pasting its outputs without creating original work can be considered plagiarism and misuse of AI.

What is the key message about the use of AI and digital resources conveyed in the script?

The key message is to use AI and digital resources responsibly, ensuring that the rights of content creators are respected, and that credit is given where it is due to maintain fairness and avoid plagiarism.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Understanding Copyright and Fair Use in the Digital Age

This paragraph introduces the concept of intellectual property, focusing on copyright law and its relevance in the digital era. It explains that phrases like 'FR' (For Real) and 'NGL' (Not Gonna Lie) are part of new language influenced by technology. The discussion then shifts to the importance of respecting copyright, which protects original content such as inventions, scripts, songs, and social media posts. The paragraph clarifies misconceptions about using content online, emphasizing that adding 'CTTO' or similar disclaimers does not absolve users from copyright infringement. It also outlines the legal consequences of violating copyright law, including potential imprisonment and fines. The lesson, presented by Asst. Prof. Kara David-Cancio, aims to educate about the responsible use of digital resources and the concept of 'Fair Use,' which is introduced as a way to use others' work without infringing on their copyright.

05:03

🎥 Exploring Fair Use and Its Four Factors

The second paragraph delves into the specifics of 'Fair Use,' which allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the rights holder. It outlines four factors that determine what constitutes fair use: 1) the purpose of use, where using material for news reporting, comment, criticism, or educational purposes is typically acceptable; 2) the nature of the copyrighted work, favoring the use of factual information over creative works; 3) the substantiality of the portion taken, suggesting that using small portions for specific purposes like news reporting or education is more likely to be considered fair use; and 4) the effect of the use on the market, where the use should not negatively impact the original work's market or value. The paragraph also touches on the importance of giving credit to the original creators and the transformative nature of works used in parodies, satires, and memes, which can be considered fair use.

10:04

🤖 Navigating AI and Deep Fakes in Media

The final paragraph addresses the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in creating content and the ethical considerations that come with it. It discusses generative AI like ChatGPT, which can produce essays and other content, and warns against using such AI-generated content without proper attribution or permission. The paragraph also mentions 'deep fakes,' AI-generated media that can create false information, using an example of AI-generated voices of news anchors in a fake video. The discussion emphasizes the importance of using AI responsibly and not for cheating or misrepresenting others' work as one's own. It concludes with a call to always give credit where it is due and to use words and technology ethically, promoting fairness and integrity in the digital space.

Keywords

💡Intellectual Property Code

The Intellectual Property Code refers to the set of laws that protect creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols used in commerce. In the video, this concept is central as it explains the legal framework that safeguards original content, including social media posts, from unauthorized use or infringement.

💡Copyright

Copyright is a form of intellectual property that gives the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use and distribution. The video emphasizes that copyright law applies to various forms of content, including photos posted on social media, and that using someone else's work without permission is illegal and punishable.

💡Fair Use

Fair Use is a legal doctrine that allows for the use of copyrighted material without acquiring permission from the rights holders under certain circumstances, typically for purposes like criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. The video outlines four factors that determine fair use, highlighting the importance of using content responsibly and ethically.

💡Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the act of using another person's work or ideas without giving them credit and presenting it as one's own. The video discusses plagiarism in the context of copyright infringement, emphasizing the importance of giving proper credit to the original creators to avoid legal consequences.

💡Transformative Test

The Transformative Test is a concept used to determine whether a new work is transformative enough to be considered fair use. It is mentioned in the video when discussing how creating parodies, satires, or memes can be a form of fair use because the original content is altered or transformed in a new way.

💡Deep Fake

A deep fake refers to the use of AI and machine learning algorithms to create highly realistic and difficult-to-detect fake images or videos of real people. The video uses the example of AI-generated voices of news anchors to illustrate how deep fakes can be used to create false information.

💡Generative AI

Generative AI refers to AI systems that can create new content, such as text, images, or music, based on existing data. The video mentions ChatGPT as an example, cautioning against using its outputs as one's own work without creating it, which would be considered cheating.

💡Attribution

Attribution in the context of intellectual property refers to the act of acknowledging the source of content or the creator when using their work. The video stresses the importance of proper attribution to avoid copyright infringement and to give credit where it is due.

💡Monetization

Monetization in the video refers to the process of earning revenue from content, such as through advertising on a YouTube video. The script explains that even if one creates a cover of a song, monetizing it without owning the copyright is not allowed, highlighting the difference between creating and owning content.

💡Parody, Satire, and Memes

Parody, satire, and memes are forms of content that often involve the use of existing works in a humorous or critical manner. The video explains that these can be considered fair use under certain conditions, as they transform the original work into something new and different.

💡CTTO

CTTO is an acronym for 'Credit to the Owner', which some netizens use when sharing content from others. The video clarifies that simply adding 'CTTO' does not absolve one of copyright infringement; it is a misconception that needs to be corrected for proper use of others' content.

Highlights

Technology has led to the creation of new words like 'FR' for 'For real' and 'NGL' for 'Not Gonna Lie'.

The term 'CTTO' stands for 'credit to the owner' and is often misused to claim innocence in copyright violations.

Using 'CTTO' does not exempt one from the Intellectual Property Code; copyright infringement can lead to legal consequences.

Intellectual property includes original content such as inventions, scripts, songs, and designs, all protected by law.

Copyright law prohibits unauthorized copying, publishing, reproducing, or modifying of someone's work.

Plagiarism occurs when original work is copied without acknowledging the author.

Fair Use allows for the legal use of copyrighted material under certain conditions, such as for educational purposes.

When using content for Fair Use, it's crucial to acknowledge the original author and source.

Monetizing content that is not your own, even if it's a cover or parody, can lead to copyright issues.

The transformative test is a part of Fair Use, allowing for the use of copyrighted material in satire, parody, or memes.

Factual information from scientific or journalistic articles can be used under Fair Use with proper attribution.

Using only a small portion of copyrighted material for news reporting or educational purposes may fall under Fair Use.

The effect of using someone else's work on their market should be considered to avoid copyright infringement.

Sharing or reposting content on social media is a way to avoid copyright infringement while giving credit to the original creator.

Deep fakes are AI-generated false information that can include fake audio, video, pictures, and human faces.

AI tools like ChatGPT can assist in creating content, but using their output without creating it yourself is considered cheating.

AI should be used responsibly and not to claim others' work as your own; proper credits and permissions are essential.

The importance of giving credit where it's due and choosing to be fair in a world of unfair practices is emphasized.

The lesson concludes with a reminder to use words and digital resources correctly and to verify the accuracy of posted content.

Transcripts

“OMG! Are they really together now?”

“Yes, FR FR!”

"FR? FR?"

“Really?"

“NGL!”

I get it.

FR, FR as in For real, For real

NGL as in Not Gonna Lie

and OMG as in Oh My God.

These are only some of the new words that have been invented because of technology.

Some of these words are even more confusing. Like the word 'CTTO'?

I’m sure some of you have seen this word in your social media feed.

CTTO means 'credit to the owner.’

Some netizens often put it when they post a photo that they just copied or 'grabbed' from others.

Sometimes instead of CTTO, you will read this: “No Copyright Infringement Intended”

Many people think that if they put the text, CTTO, at the end of the post, they can take any posts online.

But that’s not true!

Did you know you can be punished for violating the Intellectual Property Code?

You are not immediately acquitted just because you put these letters CTTO.

There are certainly ways we can be more responsible in our use of photos, videos, and other content online.

I am your teacher today, Asst. Prof. Kara David-Cancio or better known as Kara David on television.

And our lesson for today is Copyright, AI, and other Digital Resources.

If there is real property for houses, land, cars and other property,

there is also intellectual property for everything created by our mind, specifically, for original content!

This includes inventions, scripts, essays, songs, new ideas, designs, and anything else. All of them are protected by Intellectual Property Code.

Even social media posts are protected by intellectual property.

Just because you saw something on YouTube, Facebook, or the internet doesn't mean you can use it.

Because everything has a copyright!

A copyright is one of the branches of Intellectual Property. It just says that you are the rigthful owner of your works.

For example, if you post a photo you took on Facebook under copyright law,

it is forbidden for other people to COPY, PUBLISH, REPRODUCE, or MODIFY your photo without your permission.

This could be considered copyright infringement or a violation of copyright law.

When something is copied and the original author is not mentioned, that's called plagiarism.

Remember back then, the issue of It's Showtime...

when one of the contestants wanted to dance to the famous SB19 song called 'GENTO.'

Oops, wait, do we have permission to use that song? If not, I don’t want to be sued for copyright infringement.

Anyway, that song wasn't played because the host, Vice Ganda, said there was a fee.

But hey, don't be mad at SB19, because the musicians really have a point.

The song is protected by copyright law, so it cannot be used by anyone unless with permission from the rightful owner.

According to the law, anyone found to be in violation of copyright law faces a penalty of one to three years in prison and a fine of not less than P50,000.

But the question is, is there a way for us to use the work of others that is fair to its owners, wherein we can't violate their copyright ownership?

Yes, there is! This is where the so-called 'Fair Use' comes in.

Fair Use refers to the correct ways in which we should use internet resources.

There are four factors to determine whether the use of photos, songs, and other content is fair.

FAIR USE 1: PURPOSE OF USE

First, what is your purpose for using it? If it's for news reporting, commenting, criticizing, or for educational and classroom uses, or study, that's valid for the first factor.

Like in this channel, the use of short clips is okay since it's for educational purposes.

But make sure in using short clips, you must acknowledge the original author and mention its source.

But if you will earn money from it, then that's a different story.

For example, let’s look at this video...

Sweet! YouTube allowed us to post this video even though we didn't write the song. It's like a song cover.

But when we tried to monetize the video, it was not possible because we are not the owner of the song.

VST and Company were the original singers.

Apart from song and dance covers, individuals who create parodies, satires, and memes like those we see on TikTok are also permitted.

Because, in a way, it's no longer an exact copy... the content has been altered or transformed.

That's why it's referred to as the Transformative Test.

That is why exact titles or names of artists, singers, or personalities cannot be used.

They must also be adapted into satire, parody, or memes.

And it should be evident that it is satire, parody, or a meme through its branding or logo.

Therefore, those who use my potential sounds on TikTok...

Just kidding! t's okay. It's acceptable under Fair Use.

Look at how I became a meme!

Oh my, the brains of Filipinos are really full of wit!

FAIR USE 2: NATURE OF COPYRIGHTED WORK

Secondly, what type of content do you intend to use?

Factual information from scientific, academic, or journalistic articles may be utilized, provided there is attribution

and if directly quoted, quotation marks must be included. Avoid simply copying entire articles or books; such action is prohibited.

Additionally, creative works such as songs, poems, movies, etc., cannot be copied without permission.

However, there are exceptions if you are only using a portion of it for purposes such as news reporting, reviews, criticism, etc.

FAIR USE 3: SUBSTANTIALITY OF PORTION TAKEN

Third, how much material do you plan to use?

Fair use may be applicable if only a small portion is utilized for news reporting, reviews, teaching, or learning purposes.

For instance, in movie reviews, despite incorporating multiple clips from a film, they are safeguarded by fair use

because they utilize the content for educational purposes rather than reproducing the entire movie.

The purpose of the content has changed from entertainment to educational or informative.

FAIR USE 4: EFFECT OF USE ON THE MARKET

And fourth, what will be the effect of you borrowing the work of others? Perhaps the views, reactions, shares, and income of the original owner will decrease

because of what you will do? Most likely, you can face copyright infringement there.

To avoid copyright infringement, it is better that instead of copying, you use the like, share and re-post buttons on social media.

If you like your friend's post, don't copy it, just share it or repost it! Or if you really want to use it, you can just ask for permission!

Just make sure to acknowledge the original owner. It can't just be “CTTO.”

Speaking of copying and imitation... did you know that copying isn't limited to someone else's work?

Even a person's voice and face can be imitated.

Just like when the AI-generated voices of GMA anchors were used for a fake video.

At first glance, you might think it was Ivan Mayrina and Susan Enriquez in the video.

But if you look carefully at the movement of their mouths, it does not match what they are saying.

That's called a deep fake. It's a technique that uses Artificial Intelligence to create false information in the form of audio, video, pictures, and human faces.

For the students out there, another thing that is trending right now is the generative AI ChatGPT.

I know it’s amazing because you can simply input a prompt into ChatGPT, such as "write me an essay," and it provides an answer right away.

But if you just copy and paste that answer and submit it to your teacher immediately,

that's WRONG! You didn't create it; you just copied it.

As exciting and amazing as AI is, it can be scary when it's abused and misused.

However, I'm not saying it's bad to use AI. In fact, it helps us tremendously as long as we use it correctly.

Never use AI to cheat or claim other people's work as your own.

What belongs to Juan is Juan's. What belongs to Pedro is Pedro's.

And, of course, what's mine is mine! It is forbidden to steal, it is forbidden to own,

and most of all, it is forbidden to borrow without permission and proper credits.

That's right, "Give credit where credit is due!" In a world full of unfair people, always choose to be fair!

Remember, our words are powerful. Let's use them correctly.

Before posting anything, make sure it is correct and true.

This is Kara David, for the Media and Information Literacy Project of UP Diliman.