Aliran - Aliran Dalam Pendidikan Klasik dan Gerakan Baru Dalam Pendidikan

Summary

This video discusses various classical education theories and new movements in education. It covers several classical theories, such as empiricism, nativism, naturalism, and convergence, examining their impact on educational practices. The video also highlights key educational movements in Indonesia, including the Taman Siswa and Ins Kayu Tanam schools, both founded to promote cultural and national education. It emphasizes the importance of self-reliance, critical thinking, and adapting education to societal needs. Through these discussions, the video provides a comprehensive overview of how classical educational theories have shaped modern educational systems.

Takeaways

• 😀 Education is a tool to shape a complete human being and develop human potential.
• 😀 The goal of this material is to understand classical educational streams and new educational movements.
• 😀 The classical educational streams discussed include empiricism, nativism, naturalism, and convergence.
• 😀 Empiricism views children as blank slates ('Tabula rasa') without innate talents or abilities at birth.
• 😀 Nativism suggests that individual development is determined by factors from birth, with less emphasis on the environment.
• 😀 Naturalism believes that children are born with good qualities but can be corrupted by their environment.
• 😀 The convergence stream combines aspects of both empiricism and nativism, suggesting that children are born with both good and bad traits.
• 😀 Educational practices influenced by these streams include nature-based learning, child-centered education, and work-focused schooling.
• 😀 In Indonesia, two main educational institutions are Taman Siswa and Ins Kayu Tanam, each with specific educational philosophies and goals.
• 😀 Taman Siswa, founded by Ki Hajar Dewantara, aimed to promote cultural and social harmony, with an emphasis on self-governance and national values.
• 😀 Ins Kayu Tanam, founded by Engku Muhammad Syafi'i, focused on educating the people toward independence and community service while fostering self-confidence and responsibility.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of education according to the script?

The main purpose of education, as stated in the script, is to develop and form a complete human being by nurturing their potential and cultivating humanistic values, ultimately aiming to create individuals with good moral character.

What is the Empiricism theory in education?

Empiricism, as explained in the script, is the theory that children are born as 'Tabula Rasa'—a blank slate. This suggests that children are born without any inherent talents or skills, and their knowledge and abilities are developed entirely through experience.

How does the Nativism theory differ from Empiricism?

While Empiricism emphasizes that children are born without any innate traits, Nativism posits that individual development is primarily influenced by factors present from birth. According to Nativism, the environment plays a lesser role in shaping the child.

What does the Naturalism theory suggest about human development?

Naturalism suggests that every child is born with inherent good qualities. However, these qualities can be corrupted by negative environmental influences, which can lead to the deterioration of the child’s natural traits.

What is the Convergence theory in education?

The Convergence theory is a combination of Empiricism and Nativism. It proposes that children are born with both good and bad traits, and the development process is influenced by both innate factors and experiences.

How did classical educational theories influence educational practices?

Classical educational theories influenced educational practices by emphasizing the role of the environment, tailoring education to the needs of the learner, and focusing on preparing students for practical work and independence. This led to more student-centered and holistic approaches to education.

What is Taman Siswa, and what was its purpose?

Taman Siswa, founded by Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1932, was an educational movement aimed at promoting cultural and national development in Indonesia. It sought to nurture well-rounded individuals who were physically, mentally, and morally healthy and prepared to contribute to society.

What are the core values of Taman Siswa as outlined in the script?

The core values of Taman Siswa include self-determination, spreading useful knowledge, promoting independence, and ensuring that education is based on national culture and is accessible to all people.

What is the significance of Ins Kayu Tanam in the educational landscape of Indonesia?

Ins Kayu Tanam, established by Engku Muhammad Syafi'i in 1926, focused on educating people towards independence and providing education that was relevant to the societal needs of the time. It emphasized self-reliance and rational thinking.

How do classical educational theories and movements relate to the current educational system in Indonesia?

Classical educational theories and movements like Taman Siswa and Ins Kayu Tanam have had a lasting impact on the educational system in Indonesia by promoting national culture, focusing on the development of both intellectual and moral character, and striving for an education system that is accessible to all.