2.3 Sejarah Sistem Operasi
Summary
TLDRThis script discusses the rapid evolution of operating systems, closely tied to hardware advancements. It outlines four generations of operating systems: the first (1945-1955) marked the shift from mechanical to electronic computing, with no operating systems yet. The second (1955-1965) introduced text processing systems, but no formal OSs. The third (1969-1980s) brought multi-user, multi-programming systems with interactive terminals. The fourth generation (1980s-present) features networked OSs with graphical user interfaces, reflecting the widespread use of computers and the move from centralized to distributed computing.
Takeaways
- 💻 The history of operating systems has evolved significantly alongside hardware technology advancements.
- 📈 The development of operating systems can be categorized into four main generations, each reflecting the technological trends of their time.
- 🔢 The first generation (1945-1955) marked the beginning of electronic computing, replacing mechanical systems due to human limitations in calculation speed.
- 🔧 In the first generation, there were no operating systems as we know them today; computers were operated directly with no software abstraction.
- 📚 The second generation (1955-1965) introduced the concept of batch processing systems, where jobs were executed in a series and managed without an operating system.
- 👥 The third generation (1969-1980s) saw the development of multi-user, multi-programming systems, allowing multiple users to interact with the computer via terminals.
- 🌐 The fourth generation, starting from the 1980s, introduced operating systems designed for computer networks, emphasizing connectivity and the graphical user interface (GUI).
- 🖥️ The graphical user interface became a standard in the fourth generation, replacing command-line interfaces and making computers more user-friendly.
- 🌟 The evolution of operating systems has led to a widespread distribution of computing power, moving away from centralized mainframes to multiple interconnected computers.
- 🔄 Each generation of operating systems has been characterized by its response to the needs of the time, such as speed, efficiency, and user interactivity.
Q & A
What is the main theme of the provided transcript?
-The main theme of the transcript is the history and development of operating systems, which is closely related to the development of computer hardware technology.
How many generations of operating systems are mentioned in the transcript?
-The transcript mentions four generations of operating systems.
What is the time period for the first generation of operating systems?
-The first generation of operating systems is from 1945 to 1955.
What was the main reason for the shift from mechanical to electronic computing systems?
-The shift was due to the limited speed of human calculation and the propensity for human error, which led to the adoption of electronic computing to overcome these limitations.
What significant development is introduced in the second generation of operating systems?
-The second generation introduced the concept of batch processing systems, where jobs were executed in a series and processed in a sequential manner.
What is the time frame for the third generation of operating systems?
-The third generation of operating systems spanned from 1969 to the 1980s.
What are the key features of the third generation of operating systems?
-The key features of the third generation include multi-user support, interactive use through terminals, and multi-programming capabilities to serve multiple programs simultaneously.
What is the defining characteristic of the fourth generation of operating systems?
-The fourth generation is characterized by the use of operating systems for computer networks, with users being aware of the interconnectedness of computers and the introduction of graphical user interfaces.
What term is used to describe the user interface in the fourth generation of operating systems?
-The term used to describe the user interface in the fourth generation is 'graphical user interface' (GUI).
How did the distribution of computers change from the first to the fourth generation according to the transcript?
-In the first generation, computers were centralized, while in the fourth generation, they became decentralized, with computers being interconnected and distributed across various locations.
What is the purpose of studying the history of operating systems as mentioned in the transcript?
-Studying the history of operating systems helps in understanding the evolution of computing systems, the relationship between hardware and software development, and the advancements that have led to the current state of technology.
Outlines
💻 Evolution of Operating Systems
This paragraph delves into the rapid development of operating systems, which is closely intertwined with the evolution of hardware technology. The history of operating systems is divided into four generations, each reflecting the advancements in technology. The first generation, from 1945 to 1955, marks the beginning of electronic computing, replacing mechanical systems due to human limitations in calculation speed. During this period, computers operated without operating systems, requiring direct interaction. The second generation, spanning 1955 to 1965, introduced batch processing systems, where jobs were executed in a series and processed in a sequential manner. Although computers lacked operating systems, the functionality was present, exemplified by systems like IBM's SMS. The third generation, from 1969 to 1980, saw the development of multi-user systems that allowed multiple users to interact with the computer via terminals, both online and through multi-programming, serving multiple programs simultaneously. The final generation, from the 1980s to the present, introduced networked computers with graphical user interfaces, making computers more user-friendly and accessible, and marking the era of widespread computer use.
🌐 Distributed Computing and Operating System Functions
The second paragraph continues the discussion on the history of operating systems, highlighting the transition from centralized to distributed computing. It emphasizes the evolution through the first, second, third, and fourth generations of operating systems, which have led to improved performance and efficiency. The paragraph also sets the stage for learning about the functions of operating systems, suggesting that the next part of the script will explore these functions in detail.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡System Operating
💡First Generation
💡Text Processing System
💡Multi-user and Multi-programming
💡Graphical User Interface (GUI)
💡Network Computing
💡Hardware
💡Batch Processing
💡Terminal
💡User Interface
💡Decentralization
Highlights
The history of operating systems has experienced rapid development.
The development of operating systems is closely related to the development of hardware technology.
The history of operating systems can be divided into four generations.
The first generation of operating systems was from 1945 to 1955.
The first generation marks the beginning of electronic computing.
Electronic computing was introduced as a replacement for mechanical computing systems.
The limitation of human calculation speed led to the shift from mechanical to electronic computing.
In the first generation, there were no operating systems, and computers were operated directly.
The second generation of operating systems was from 1955 to 1965.
The second generation introduced the concept of batch processing systems.
Batch processing systems executed jobs in a series or batch.
Computers in the second generation did not have operating systems but had system operation functions.
The third generation of operating systems was from 1969 to 1980.
The third generation developed multi-user and multi-programming systems.
Multi-user systems allowed multiple users to interact with the computer via terminals.
Multi-programming enabled the execution of multiple programs simultaneously.
The fourth generation of operating systems emerged in the 1980s.
The fourth generation introduced networked computers and the concept of interconnected systems.
Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) became prominent in the fourth generation.
The fourth generation marked the spread of computers everywhere, moving away from centralized systems.
The history of operating systems has seen a transition from command-line interfaces to GUIs.
The study of operating systems includes understanding their functions across different generations.
Transcripts
Nah selanjutnya kita akan mempelajari
sejarah sistem operasi
nyoba jadi song crazy itu mengalami
perkembangan yang sangat pesat sekali
gitu ya yang dapat dibagi menjadi empat
rem Iya permen pertama kedua ketiga dan
keempat perkembangan dari sistem operasi
itu sebenarnya berbanding lurus dengan
perkembangan teknologi hardware Kita
pernah mempelajari perkembangan komputer
hardware budaya di mata kuliah
organisasi sistem komputer didalam
history atau proses perkembangan dari
sistem operasi itu juga akan mengikuti
dari trend perkembangan dari absennya
hai oke seperti yang sudah saya sebutkan
tadi ada empat generasi itu yang dibagi
kedalam empat kelompok Story dari sedang
operasi generasi yang pertama itu tahun
1945 sampai dengan serat 1955 itu
disebut dengan generasi pertama lebih
pertama inilah merupakan awal dari
perkembangan sistem komputasi elektronik
sebagai pengganti sistem komputasi yang
mekanik penelitian Hal ini disebabkan
karena kecepatan manusia untuk
menghitung itu terbatas jadi yang
awalnya kita menggunakan mekanik
kemudian diganti ke teknologi elektronik
karena keterbatasan dari manusia
tersebut Karena manusia itu perannya
adalah sering membuat kesalahan dan
Veron
Hai ribuan bahkan mungkin juga kesalahan
pada generasi ini gede generasi yang
pertama ini belum ada stop operasi
sementara
di Makassar komputer yang ada pada saat
itu itu hanya diberi atraksi yang harus
dikerjakan secara langsung kemudian
menginjak tahun 1955 sampai dengan 1965
itu disebut dengan generasi yang kedua
segera si yang kedua itu memperkenalkan
apa yang namanya text Processing system
jadi apa sih tugas Processing system
jadi bad proses merupakan job yang
dikerjakan dalam satu rangkaian atau
samaan kemudian dieksekusi nya secara
substansial atau berurutan pada generasi
ini sedang komputer itu belum dilengkapi
oleh sistem operasi tetapi fungsi sistem
operasi itu sebenarnya sudah ada pada
generasi kedua ini contohnya misalnya
stoplast itu adalah SMS kegiatan IPS
siswa kelas
Hai kemudian yang selanjutnya adalah
komputer generasi yang ke-3 itu tahun
1969 sampai dengan 1980an pada generasi
ini berkembang semua operasi itu
dikembangkan untuk melayani banyak
pemakai secara bersama-sama atau biasa
disebut dengan multi user dan multi user
dimana para pemakai itu berinteraktif
atau berkomunikasi lewat Terminal yang
disediakan itu secara online ke komputer
Hai karena sifatnya itu adalah
interaktif secara bersama-sama maka
Selain multi-service tempat yang
digunakan banyak pengguna sekaligus itu
juga multi programming yaitu melayani
banyak program secara sekaligus biasa
bersama-sama Kemudian yang terakhir itu
adalah media tahun 80-an generasi
keempat atau yang kita pakai sekarang di
generasi keempat ini sudah muncul gituin
sistem operasi yang sudah dipergunakan
untuk jaringan komputer dimana pemakai
nya itu apa menyadari bahwa keberadaan
komputer saling terhubung satu dengan
yang lainnya menggunakan next oke
Hai Pada masa ini juga telah diri kenal
atau dinyamankan gitu ya dengan istilah
grafiknya user interface afebrile yaitu
merupakan sebuah antarmuka komputer yang
berbasis grafis yang sangat nyaman yang
awalnya itu sebelumnya masih menggunakan
comment Sebagai best untuk berinteraksi
dengan sistem komputer di generasi
keempatnya sudah dikenalkan yang namanya
Greebel graphical user interface atau
biasa disebut dengan quick jadi pada era
ini gitu ya itu juga dimulai era dimana
komputer itu tersebar dimana-mana tidak
lagi terpusat di satu titik tetapi
dipecah ke banyak komputer sehingga
tercapai kinerja yang sangat baik itu
adalah history dari sistem operasi akan
Pages
ujian generasi pertama generasi ke-2
generasi ketiga dan generasi keempat
atau generasi Yang sekarang kita pakai
selanjutnya kita akan belajar mengenai
fungsi dari sistem operasi
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