Mining Techniques & Ore Processing | Lesson 5.2 | Earth Science
Summary
TLDRThis lesson focuses on the mining process, specifically on production and ore processing. It covers two major types of mining: surface mining and underground mining, detailing methods like open-pit, strip mining, and mountaintop removal for surface mining, and drift, slope, and shaft mining for underground operations. The lesson then shifts to ore processing, discussing steps like crushing, grinding, and various separation techniques such as heavy media separation, magnetic separation, flotation, and cyanide heap leaching, highlighting their importance in concentrating valuable minerals.
Takeaways
- 🔍 Mining is the process of extracting useful minerals from the Earth's surface, with two major types: surface mining and underground mining.
- 🏞️ Surface mining includes various methods such as open-pit mining, strip mining, mountaintop removal, and placer mining.
- 🚜 Open-pit mining involves digging large open holes in the ground to extract minerals.
- 🪨 Strip mining removes layers of soil and rock, called overburden, to access minerals beneath them.
- ⛰️ Mountaintop removal involves removing the top of a mountain to access mineral deposits.
- 🏞️ Placer mining extracts minerals from sediments, rocks, or gravel in riverbeds or lakes and is one of the oldest forms of mining.
- 🌍 Underground mining is used when minerals are buried deep within the Earth, with methods including drift mining, slope mining, and shaft mining.
- 🛤️ Drift mining involves cutting horizontally into the Earth to access minerals, while slope mining involves a sloping shaft to reach deeper materials.
- ⛏️ Shaft mining involves digging vertically or nearly vertically downwards to access deep mineral deposits.
- ⚙️ Ore processing, also known as mineral processing or ore dressing, involves separating valuable minerals from unwanted materials through techniques like crushing, grinding, and various separation methods.
Q & A
What is the primary focus of lesson number five in the video?
-The primary focus of lesson number five is on mining and ore processing, specifically the production phase of the mining process.
What are the two major types of mining discussed in the lesson?
-The two major types of mining discussed are surface mining and underground mining.
What distinguishes surface mining from underground mining?
-Surface mining is used when minerals are close to the surface of the earth, while underground mining is used when the minerals are buried deep in the earth's crust.
What are the different types of surface mining mentioned in the video?
-The types of surface mining mentioned are open-pit mining, strip mining, mountaintop removal, and placer mining.
How is open-pit mining carried out?
-Open-pit mining involves digging large open holes in the ground to extract minerals, covering a vast area of land.
What is strip mining, and how does it differ from open-pit mining?
-Strip mining involves removing layers of soil and rock (overburden) to extract minerals beneath them, unlike open-pit mining which digs large open holes.
What is the purpose of ore processing in mining?
-Ore processing, also known as mineral processing or ore dressing, involves separating the grains of ore minerals from unwanted materials to concentrate the valuable minerals.
What are some of the common methods used in ore separation?
-Common methods of ore separation include heavy media separation, magnetic separation, flotation, and cyanide heap leaching.
How does magnetic separation work in ore processing?
-Magnetic separation utilizes the force exerted by a magnetic field to attract magnetic materials, separating them from non-magnetic materials.
What is the purpose of cyanide heap leaching in mineral extraction?
-Cyanide heap leaching is used to extract valuable minerals, such as gold, by passing a cyanide solution through the ore to separate the desired substances.
Outlines
🪨 Introduction to the Mining Process
The lesson begins with an overview of the mining process, focusing on the fourth step, production. It introduces mining as the process of extracting useful minerals from the Earth's surface and classifies mining into two major types: surface mining and underground mining. The paragraph also details various types of surface mining, including open-pit mining, strip mining, mountaintop removal, and placer mining, explaining each method in detail.
🔦 Overview of Underground Mining Techniques
This paragraph shifts focus to underground mining, explaining its necessity when minerals are buried deep within the Earth's crust. It covers three primary types of underground mining: drift mining, slope mining, and shaft mining. Each method is explained with emphasis on how the mining tunnels are constructed and the different angles and approaches used to access the minerals.
⚙️ Ore Processing and Separation Techniques
The focus moves to ore processing, a critical step in the mining process. Ore processing, also known as mineral processing or ore dressing, involves separating valuable minerals from unwanted materials. The paragraph explains the initial steps of comminution (crushing and grinding) to reduce ore size and the importance of liberation. It also touches on the subsequent process of sizing to ensure efficient mineral separation.
🔬 Advanced Methods of Mineral Separation
The final section delves into various methods of mineral separation used after the comminution process. It explains heavy media separation, magnetic separation, flotation, and cyanide heap leaching, each method tailored to the physical and chemical properties of the minerals. The paragraph also emphasizes the goal of achieving a concentrated yield of the desired minerals while discarding the unwanted gangue materials.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Mining
💡Surface Mining
💡Open Pit Mining
💡Strip Mining
💡Mountaintop Removal
💡Placer Mining
💡Underground Mining
💡Drift Mining
💡Slope Mining
💡Shaft Mining
💡Ore Processing
💡Crushing and Grinding
💡Separation
💡Heavy Media Separation
💡Magnetic Separation
💡Floatation
💡Cyanide Heap Leaching
Highlights
Introduction to the mining process, including exploration, development, design, construction, production, and closure/reclamation.
Focus on the fourth step of the mining process: production.
Definition of mining: the process of extracting useful minerals from the surface of the Earth.
Classification of mining into two major types: surface mining and underground mining.
Description of surface mining methods: open-pit mining, strip mining, mountaintop removal, and placer mining.
Detailed explanation of open-pit mining: involves digging large open holes in the ground.
Explanation of strip mining: removing soil and rock layer by layer to access minerals.
Overview of mountaintop removal: removing the top of a mountain to access minerals.
Discussion of placer mining: extracting minerals from sediments, rocks, or gravel in riverbeds or lakes.
Introduction to underground mining: used when minerals are buried deep in the Earth.
Description of drift mining: cutting into the side of the Earth to access minerals horizontally.
Explanation of slope mining: accessing minerals through a sloping access shaft.
Overview of shaft mining: digging straight down to reach minerals.
Introduction to ore processing, also known as mineral processing or ore dressing.
Explanation of ore processing methods: comminution, separation, heavy media separation, magnetic separation, floatation, and cyanide heap leaching.
Transcripts
good day class welcomes the second part
now lesson number five not in search
science
so in this lesson we will focus on
mining and or
processing
so first part the discuss not enough but
it won't say yes no mining process
and these are exploration development
and design
construction production and closure and
reclamation
with this video we will focus on the
fourth step of
the mining process which is the
production
the production case
let us first define my knee mining is
the process of
extracting useful minerals from the
surface of the earth
and now we can say that there are two
major types of
mining mining could either be classified
as surface mining or underground mining
then support non-surface mining
you have different types such as open
pit mining
strip mining mountaintop removal and
placer mining
on the other hand drift mining
shaft and slope mining belongs to
underground
mining first type
of mining is surface mining so guinea
gameta and a surface mining
if a minerals eye close to the surface
of the earth episode
first type of surface mining is open
with my name
so this involves the digging of large
open holes in the ground
you will have a vast or large amount of
land area of land
nothing
second type is strip mining it is
defined as the practice of mining and
work
by first removing all of the soil and
rock that lies
on top so as you can see here in the
model
you can say nadate
overburden
then you'll have the minerals
so is that layer by layer
in a strip mining so you'll try to
remove this overburden first
then extract the mineral
then after extracting the mineral
mineral or remove the next overburden
and go to extracting the minerals again
so unlike open pit mining
over burden plus the mineral with strip
mining
layer by the earth you remove the
overburden
go with the mineral then next layer of
overburden
next layer of mineral
third type is mountaintop removal
this is commonly done for mining holes
and defined as the practice of removing
the top of the mountain
to remove deposits not accessible by
other techniques
unagamitone mountain top removal
open pit mining pero nacho steroids
ibizabian sobrang intention effect
now mountain top removal as you compare
it to the effect of
open pit mining last type of surface
mining is place reminding
and said to be the process of extracting
minerals
from placer capacity navigating placer
ito yuma sediments rocks or gravel and
riverbed or lake placer mining
is also one of the most ancient type of
mining that we have
it is a picture
to extract minerals modern types of
laser mining uses machineries to extract
or
marine backhoe or other dredging
equipment san gamitonilla
during placer mining
now we are done with discussing surface
mining and its types
we will go now with the different types
of underground mining specifically
drift shaft and slope mining
with nothing on surface mining
minerals now with underground mining we
are using it if the materials we want to
mine
is buried deep in the earth's crust
first type of underground mining is
drift mining so this
method is used by
cutting into the side of the earth
rather than
tunneling straight downwards so as you
can see here
this is the tunnel
so technically this is the drift tunnel
that you can use to access the minerals
here
so normally it says underground my name
but is with drift mining horizontally
gagawahan and tunnel to access
the minerals
next type is slope mining so with slope
mining it is defined
as the method of accessing valuable
geologic material
where a sloping access shaft travels
downwards
towards the material so nina is a
drift mining horizontal angle
you can say in a diagonal
diagonal and then you can access the
minerals there
from that diagonal slope
next or the last type of underground
mining is shaft
my name so with shaft mining it is a
process where miners
dig straight down or almost straight
down until they reach
their desired depth so detail no man
straight vertically and pago
we are done with discussing the
different types of my name
now my name will give you a result
so for us to do that we want to use or
processing so with oil processing we
will be able to
concentrate the minerals
the different techniques for or
processing
let us first define or processing so ore
processing could also refer to mineral
processing
or or dressing and defined as the
process of separating the grains
of oil minerals from the unwanted
minerals
para must maintain the antenna or
processing let's
look on this illustration so at least
the illustration that will make it
after or processing make it an added
and after that after or processing
you'll have this what you call
as the tailings so technically this is
the waste
of ore processing
after you have concentrated the minerals
the first step of order processing is
coming
so this is the process of reducing the
ore size
turning it into particles or fragments
involves the process of crushing and
grinding
crushing will result to bigger fragments
around
6 to 14 mesh which is equivalent to a
fraction of an
inch but grinding the man almost
powdered
in particles neon size asinosurana ions
and microns the main goal of your
combination
is liberation
and lastly sizing may happen after
crashing
science sizing in a sense nahini walai
uh nathan jung fragments based on its
size
to check kumeron banda but it likes a
machine for it to be crushed again
after you have freed the mineral from
the ground
so you want to do separation so
separation
involves stuff of creating concentrates
of minerals
as it is separated from the gap
so different methods will be used detox
separation and these
methods should be based from the
properties of the minerals
this is will ensure an effective yield
separation
process so as you can see here's a
picture natto
you have here the powdered um
minerals or powdered oil that will go
through a machine
after going through a machine you will
see there
that it will lead
there are different methods of
separation so you have what you will
discuss
in this video will be heavy media
separation
magnetic separation floatation and
cyanide
heap bleaching i want you to take note
that these are just
examples these are the common methods
used for separation metampangiba
one example is hand picking hand
so the main goal of separation is
concentration
so we want to produce concentrated
minerals
separated from concentrated amount of
gum
first type of separation is heavy media
separation
so i want you to take note negan again
with nothing to heavy media separation
if we are considering the density of the
gang
and the or or the mineral itself uh
so take note
then it will go through a media it could
be a water or different thing
a different solution so after going
through my kitamon
young is an existing is a
flow so you can see there in the
different densities
next type is magnetic separation so
magnetic separation utilizes
the force exerted by a magnetic field
upon magnetic materials
to counter a partially or wholly the
effect of gravity
so take note can mean as a heavy media
separation density you
know considering magnetic separation
magnetic properties you know considering
that
material so take note here so your raw
material
then this magnet will rotate upon aggro
rotation
it will attract the magnetic materials
the position hindenburg magnetic
materials will drop
in here this process will be
are repeated
foreign next type
is floatation so floatation involves the
separation of hydrophobic materials
from hydrophilic materials sodito
pineapple nothing uncommon muted
materials
say some solution and that solution will
be agitated
and different chemicals to uh to alter
the hydrophobic and hydrophilic
properties
of the material now contingency is that
your wanted minerals will
rise here sir
and then you will be able to separate it
once you have collected
the froth which technically um
materials
last type is cyanide heap reaching so
this method of extraction
is used wherein a solvent is passed
through a mixture
to remove some desired substance from it
and that
solvent a modulus neglected for
saison cyanide sodium cyanide so take
note on this illustration
so you can see here hip
hip now or
now that was
atom sprinkler nato and magula
knight so on tendency um
abandoned
so technically as the sprinkler
um drops the cyanide the dalaina
hasan
so this is technically a mixture of
cyanide
and gold and then after that
cyanide then you will be able
to separate the mineral from the
gang so that is the end of
our lesson for this week
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