14 LEARNER - CENTERED PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES

A Beautiful Day to Learn PH

26 Nov 202214:44

Summary

TLDRIn this educational podcast, Abigail from 'A Beautiful Day to Learn' delves into the 14 learner-centered psychological principles developed by the American Psychological Association. The principles, which include cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, developmental, and social factors, offer a comprehensive framework for effective learning. They emphasize the importance of constructing meaning, setting goals, strategic thinking, and the influence of individual differences and context on learning. The summary by Alexander and Murphy condenses these into five key areas: knowledge base, strategic processing, motivation, development, and context, highlighting the learner's unique journey in education.

Takeaways

📚 The script discusses the 14 learner-centered psychological principles developed by the American Psychological Association's Board of Educational Affairs in 1997.
🧠 Cognitive and metacognitive factors are crucial for learning, emphasizing the intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experiences.
🎯 Successful learners set meaningful goals and create coherent representations of knowledge, supported by instructional guidance and their own strategic thinking.
🔗 Knowledge construction involves linking new information with existing knowledge, expanding one's understanding and ability to integrate new experiences.
🤔 Strategic thinking and metacognition enable learners to reflect on their thought processes, select appropriate learning strategies, and monitor their progress.
🌐 The context of learning, including environmental factors like culture, technology, and instructional practices, influences the learning process.
🌟 Motivation and emotional influences on learning can enhance or interfere with a learner's quality of thinking and information processing.
🔑 Intrinsic motivation to learn is stimulated by tasks that are relevant to personal interests, provide personal choice, and offer a sense of control.
💪 Effort is a significant indicator of motivation to learn, with the acquisition of complex knowledge and skills demanding considerable energy and persistence.
👶 Developmental influences on learning suggest that taking into account physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains is essential for effective learning.
🤝 Social influences on learning can be enhanced through interaction and collaboration with others on instructional tasks, fostering a sense of community and shared understanding.
🌈 Individual differences and diversity are acknowledged, with the principles of learning, motivation, and effective instruction applying to all learners regardless of personal characteristics.
📈 Assessment is highlighted as a vital tool providing information to both learners and teachers at all stages of the learning process, including various types like formative and summative assessments.

Q & A

What are the 14 learner-centered psychological principles discussed in the podcast?
-The podcast discusses 14 principles that were prepared by the learner-centered principles work group of the American Psychological Association's Board of Educational Affairs. These principles provide a framework for school reform and redesign, focusing on cognitive and metacognitive factors, motivational and affective factors, developmental and social factors, individual differences, and standards and assessment.
How does the nature of the learning process influence effective learning?
-According to the podcast, the learning of complex subject matter is most effective when it's an intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experiences. Experience dictates the meaning, creates new meaning, and provides knowledge, making experience the best teacher.
What is the role of goals in the learning process as mentioned in the podcast?
-The podcast states that a successful learner, over time and with support and instructional guidance, can create meaningful, coherent representations of knowledge. The goals of the learning process are integral to a learner's success and are shaped by the support and guidance they receive.
How does the construction of knowledge relate to learning?
-The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways. This construction of knowledge involves accessing and utilizing existing schemas or knowledge structures to integrate new information, thus expanding one's understanding.
What is strategic thinking and its significance in learning according to the podcast?
-Strategic thinking involves the creation and use of a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning. It is significant as it allows the learner to approach problems, conceptualize ideas, and solve issues more effectively.
How does metacognition play a role in the learning process?
-Metacognition, or thinking about thinking, allows successful learners to reflect on how they think and learn, set reasonable learning or performance goals, select appropriate learning strategies or methods, and monitor their progress towards these goals.
What environmental factors influence learning as discussed in the podcast?
-Learning is influenced by environmental factors including culture, technology, and instructional practices. These factors shape the context in which learning occurs and can either support or hinder the learning process.
How do motivational and emotional factors affect learning?
-Motivational and emotional factors can either enhance or interfere with the learner's quality of thinking and information processing. Beliefs, schools, and expectations for success or failure can significantly impact a learner's engagement and performance.
What is the significance of effort in the context of learning as mentioned in the podcast?
-Effort is a major indicator of motivation to learn. The acquisition of complex knowledge and skills demands considerable learner energy and strategic effort, along with persistence over time. The amount of effort a student puts into a task can reflect their level of motivation.
How do developmental and social factors contribute to effective learning?
-Developmental factors within and across physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains should be considered for effective learning. Social influences, such as opportunities to interact and collaborate with others on instructional tasks, can enhance learning through shared ideas and responsibilities.
What does the podcast suggest about individual differences in learning?
-Individuals are born with and develop their own unique capabilities and talents. Educators should help students examine their learning preferences and expand or modify them if necessary to cater to individual differences in learning.
How does the podcast summarize the 14 learner-centered psychological principles?
-The podcast summarizes the 14 principles into five key areas: the knowledge base, strategic processing and control, motivation and effect, development and individual differences, and situation or context. These areas encompass the foundational aspects of learning and the various influences that shape the learning process.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Cognitive and Metacognitive Learning Principles

The first paragraph introduces the 14 learner-centered psychological principles developed by the American Psychological Association's Board of Educational Affairs in 1997. These principles aim to guide school reform and focus on cognitive and metacognitive factors. The discussion delves into the nature of the learning process, emphasizing the importance of intentional meaning construction from information and experiences. It also covers the goals of learning, where successful learners create coherent knowledge representations with instructional support. The construction of knowledge is highlighted, where learners link new information with existing knowledge, drawing on concepts like schema theory. Strategic thinking and metacognition are underscored as essential for learners to reflect on their thinking processes and select appropriate learning strategies.

05:00

🌟 Motivational and Effective Learning Factors

The second paragraph continues the discussion by focusing on motivational and effective factors in learning. It discusses how environmental factors such as culture, technology, and instructional practices influence learning. The motivational aspect is explored through intrinsic motivation, which is stimulated by tasks that are optimally novel and challenging, relevant to personal interests, and provide personal choice and control. The importance of effort in learning is highlighted, with the notion that greater motivation leads to more effort, which in turn leads to better learning outcomes. Developmental and social factors are introduced, emphasizing the importance of considering different developmental domains and the benefits of social interaction and collaboration in enhancing learning.

10:01

🔍 Individual Differences and Assessment in Learning

The final paragraph wraps up the discussion by addressing individual differences and the role of assessment in learning. It points out that educators should help students understand and adapt their learning preferences to accommodate their unique capabilities and talents. The paragraph also stresses the importance of applying the same principles of learning, motivation, and effective instruction to all learners, regardless of their background. The role of assessment is highlighted as a critical tool for providing feedback to both learners and teachers throughout the learning process, mentioning various types of assessments such as formative, summative, authentic, traditional, and portfolio assessments. The paragraph concludes by summarizing the 14 principles into five broader categories: knowledge base, strategic processing and control, motivation and effect, development and individual differences, and situation or context.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Learner-Centered Psychological Principles

These principles, developed by the American Psychological Association, serve as a framework for educational reform and redesign. They emphasize the importance of considering the learner's perspective in the learning process. In the video, these principles are broken down into categories such as cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, developmental, and social factors, illustrating a holistic approach to education.

💡Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors

Cognitive factors relate to the processes of learning and thinking, while metacognitive factors involve thinking about one's own thinking. The video discusses these factors as essential for the intentional construction of meaning from information and experiences, highlighting the importance of strategic thinking and the ability to reflect on one's learning process.

💡Construction of Knowledge

This concept refers to the process of linking new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways. The video script uses the metaphor of accessing stored knowledge like a microchip or SD card to illustrate how learners can build upon their existing knowledge base to construct new understandings.

💡Strategic Thinking

Strategic thinking involves the creation and application of various thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals. The video emphasizes that successful learners can approach problems by using a repertoire of strategies, showcasing the importance of diverse approaches to learning.

💡Metacognition

Metacognition is the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. In the context of the video, it is the ability to reflect on how one thinks and learns, set learning goals, select appropriate strategies, and monitor progress. This self-awareness is crucial for effective learning.

💡Context of Learning

The context of learning refers to the environmental factors that influence the learning process, including culture, technology, and instructional practices. The video script points out that these factors can significantly affect how learners engage with and absorb new information.

💡Motivational and Affective Factors

These factors encompass the thoughts, beliefs, and emotions that can either enhance or interfere with learning. The video discusses how intrinsic motivation, stimulated by tasks that are relevant to personal interests and provide a sense of choice and control, can significantly impact the quality of learning.

💡Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation is the internal drive to learn that comes from the learner's interest and enjoyment of the learning process itself. The video script highlights the importance of tasks that are optimally novel and difficult, which can stimulate this type of motivation.

💡Developmental Influences

Developmental influences on learning pertain to the consideration of physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains in the learning process. The video script suggests that effective learning takes into account the different developmental stages and needs of learners.

💡Social Influences

Social influences on learning refer to the enhancement of learning through interaction and collaboration with others. The video emphasizes the importance of social engagement in the learning process, as it allows for the exchange of ideas and collaborative problem-solving.

💡Individual Differences

Individual differences recognize that each learner has unique capabilities and talents. The video script encourages educators to help students understand and adapt their learning preferences, acknowledging the diversity in learning styles and approaches.

💡Learning and Diversity

This concept acknowledges that the same principles of learning, motivation, and effective instruction apply to all learners, regardless of their personal characteristics. The video script stresses the importance of inclusive educational practices that cater to the diverse needs of the student population.

💡Standards and Assessment

Standards and assessment provide crucial information to both learners and teachers at all stages of the learning process. The video script mentions various types of assessments, such as formative, summative, authentic, and portfolio assessments, which serve to inform and guide the learning journey.

Highlights

Introduction to the 14 learner-centered psychological principles by the American Psychological Association's Board of Educational Affairs.

Cognitive and metacognitive factors are essential for effective learning and thinking.

Learning is most effective when it's an intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experiences.

Learners can create meaningful representations of knowledge with support and instructional guidance.

The construction of knowledge involves linking new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways.

Strategic thinking involves using a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies for complex learning.

Metacognition allows learners to reflect on their thinking processes and set learning goals.

The context of learning is influenced by environmental factors such as culture, technology, and instructional practices.

Motivational and affective factors can enhance or interfere with a learner's quality of thinking and information processing.

Intrinsic motivation to learn is stimulated by tasks that are relevant to personal interests and provide personal choice and control.

Effort is a major indicator of a learner's motivation, with more effort correlating to higher motivation.

Developmental influences on learning should consider physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains.

Social influences on learning can be enhanced through interaction and collaboration with others.

Individual differences in learning are recognized, with educators encouraged to help students understand and adapt their learning preferences.

Learning and diversity principles apply to all learners, emphasizing the importance of inclusive instruction.

Assessment provides crucial information for both learners and teachers at all stages of the learning process.

The principles are summarized into five categories: knowledge base, strategic processing and control, motivation and effect, development and individual differences, and situation or context.

Conclusion of the podcast segment, emphasizing the value of the 14 learner-centered psychological principles for educational reform and practice.