Mari Mengenal Teori Psikologi Individual Gordon Allport

Summary

This video delves into the life and work of Gordon Allport, a prominent psychologist who developed the theory of personality. It covers his early life, education, and notable achievements, including his presidency of the American Psychological Association and his receipt of the APA's Gold Medal. The video explains Allport's theory of personality, focusing on individual dispositions, including cardinal, central, and secondary traits. It also explores his concept of functional autonomy, which suggests that motivations can evolve independently of past influences. Additionally, the video highlights a study conducted in Bandung, Indonesia, applying Allport's ideas to understand student personality traits during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Takeaways

• 😀 Gordon Allport was born on November 11, 1897, in Montzuma, Indiana, and became a significant figure in psychology with a focus on personality theory.
• 😀 Allport developed a theory of personality, describing it as a dynamic organization of psychophysical systems that shape an individual’s behavior and thoughts.
• 😀 He emphasized the importance of psychological health, defining it by traits like realistic thinking, emotional security, and the ability to form meaningful relationships.
• 😀 Allport identified three levels of personality traits: Cardinal traits (dominant), Central traits (important but less pervasive), and Secondary traits (specific to certain situations).
• 😀 He introduced the concept of functional autonomy, which describes how a person's motives can evolve and become independent of past experiences.
• 😀 According to Allport, psychological health involves having a clear life philosophy, being able to handle frustration, and having a realistic perspective on life.
• 😀 Motivational dispositions can be divided into two categories: Feral motives (basic needs like food and sleep) and Appropriate striving (complex goals like career aspirations).
• 😀 He believed that individual behaviors can continue even when the original motivation has changed, a concept he termed perseverative functional autonomy.
• 😀 Allport also noted that a psychologically healthy individual tends to have deep insights and a sense of humor that doesn’t harm others, reflecting a balanced and positive view of life.
• 😀 A study in Bandung, Indonesia, examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' personalities, showing a decline in healthy traits due to social isolation and online learning challenges.

Q & A

Who is Gordon Allport, and what is his contribution to psychology?

Gordon Allport was a renowned psychologist known for his work on individual psychology and personality theory. He developed the concept of personality as a dynamic system of psychological and physical processes that shape an individual’s behavior and thinking. His contributions include identifying different levels of personality traits, such as cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits.

What were the key stages in Gordon Allport’s early life and education?

Allport was born on November 11, 1897, in Montzuma, Indiana. He grew up in Cleveland, Ohio, where he developed an early interest in philosophical and religious questions. Allport attended Harvard University, where he earned a degree in philosophy and economics. He later pursued postgraduate studies in psychology, and his experiences teaching in Turkey influenced his decision to continue in the field of psychology.

What is Allport’s definition of personality?

According to Allport, personality is the dynamic organization of the psychophysical system within an individual, which determines the characteristic behavior and thought patterns of the person. Personality includes a combination of traits, motivations, and dispositional tendencies that guide behavior.

What are the characteristics of a psychologically healthy individual according to Allport?

A psychologically healthy individual, as described by Allport, is someone who is not self-centered and engages meaningfully with others. They demonstrate a realistic understanding of life, focus on improving weaknesses, and possess a sense of humor. They also have a clear life philosophy and can navigate frustrations with emotional control.

Can you explain the three levels of personal dispositions identified by Allport?

Allport identified three levels of personal dispositions: cardinal traits, which are dominant and affect all behaviors; central traits, which influence behavior in specific situations; and secondary traits, which only influence behavior in very particular circumstances. For example, a cardinal trait could be perfectionism, a central trait might be sociability, and a secondary trait could be a preference for certain foods.

What is the difference between motivational and stylistic dispositions in Allport’s theory?

Motivational dispositions are related to the drives and desires that motivate a person to act, such as the need to satisfy basic physical or psychological needs. Stylistic dispositions refer to the particular ways in which an individual carries out these actions. For instance, people may have a basic motivation to dress warmly, but each person will have their own stylistic approach to how they dress.

What does the term 'proprium' mean in Allport’s theory?

In Allport’s theory, the 'proprium' refers to the core essence or self of an individual. It encompasses behaviors and motivations that are considered essential to an individual’s identity, such as fulfilling basic needs without difficulty, engaging in cultural customs, and forming automatic habits or behaviors.

How does Allport explain functional autonomy in motivation?

Functional autonomy, according to Allport, refers to the idea that a person’s motivation becomes independent of its original purpose over time. There are two types: perseverative functional autonomy, where actions continue even when the original motive has changed, and propriate functional autonomy, where actions are guided by an individual’s internal values and beliefs rather than external rewards.

What are some examples of behaviors that are not considered functional autonomy?

Behaviors that are not considered functional autonomy include biological drives, which are related to basic survival needs; reflexive actions; and patterns that require primary reinforcement. For instance, actions driven by basic physical urges, like hunger, are not seen as part of functional autonomy, as they are reactive rather than self-directed.

What research in Indonesia has been conducted using Allport’s theory of personality?

A study was conducted in Bandung, Indonesia, examining the personality profiles of high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aimed to measure the personality of students through Allport’s theory of healthy personality traits. It found that many students showed signs of psychological challenges, including limited social interactions and increased stress, which were related to the constraints imposed by the pandemic.