Communication Aids and Presentation Strategies (Public Speaking Lecture)
Summary
TLDRThis lecture focuses on public speaking, emphasizing its historical significance and contemporary challenges. It covers strategies for effective communication, including audience analysis, selecting a topic, and crafting a compelling thesis. The speaker discusses organizing speeches using Monroe's Motivated Sequence and managing anxiety through various techniques. The session aims to equip students with the skills to deliver impactful speeches by understanding their purpose, researching thoroughly, and practicing delivery.
Takeaways
- 🗣️ Public speaking is a skill with a history dating back to ancient Greece and remains relevant in the 21st century for various purposes including advocacy and social change.
- 🎓 The principles of public speaking have been taught for thousands of years and are considered valuable for academic, professional, and personal development.
- 🤔 Students often face challenges with public speaking, finding it difficult or struggling to see its value, despite its recognized benefits.
- 💡 Public speaking can transferable skills such as organizing thoughts, researching, adapting to audiences, and using persuasive techniques.
- 🔍 Before crafting a speech, it's crucial to analyze the audience demographically, psychologically, and situationally to tailor the message effectively.
- 🎯 Determining the speech's purpose—whether to inform, persuade, or entertain—is a foundational step in speech preparation.
- 📝 Creating a thesis statement is key to focusing the speech's central message and ensuring a coherent presentation.
- 🔎 Research is vital for supporting speech content with credible and relevant information that can persuade or inform the audience.
- 📈 Using strategies like examples, explanations, statistics, analogies, and visual aids can strengthen the speech and make it more compelling.
- 📝 Monroe's Motivated Sequence is a recommended structure for speeches, guiding the audience from attention to action through need, satisfaction, and visualization.
- 🌟 Effective delivery is as important as content; managing anxiety and practicing vocal and physical delivery ensures the message is well-received.
Q & A
What is the historical context of public speaking mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions that public speaking has been around since ancient times, with the first public speaking texts written by Greek educators and philosophers around 2,000 years ago.
Why is public speaking still considered a challenge in the 21st century despite its long history?
-Some students find it hard to see the value in public speaking, and others find it challenging and struggle with the thought of speaking in public, indicating that the challenge persists regardless of the time period.
What are some of the transferable skills that public speaking can develop?
-Public speaking can develop skills such as organizing thoughts, conducting research, adapting to various audiences, and utilizing persuasive techniques.
What are the four main parts of a lecture on public speaking as outlined in the script?
-The four main parts are selecting and narrowing a topic, researching and supporting the topic, organizing the speech, and delivering the speech.
How does the script suggest analyzing an audience for a public speech?
-The script suggests analyzing the audience through demographic, psychological, and situational analysis to adapt the speech to their age, education level, attitudes, beliefs, values, and the physical context of the speech.
What are the three main purposes of a speech according to the script?
-The three main purposes of a speech are to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
What is a thesis statement and why is it important in a speech?
-A thesis statement is a one-sentence central idea of the entire speech. It is important because it serves as a guide or a magnet that pulls the ideas together into a centralized theme, preventing the speaker from getting lost.
What are some strategies for supporting material in a speech?
-Supporting strategies include using examples, explanations, statistics, analogies, testimony, and visual aids to reinforce the speech content.
Can you explain Monroe's Motivated Sequence and how it can be used to organize a speech?
-Monroe's Motivated Sequence is a five-step method for organizing a speech: attention (grabber), need (problem), satisfaction (solution), visualization, and action (call to action). It helps structure the speech in a way that engages the audience and guides them towards the speaker's goal.
How can signposting be used in a speech to improve clarity and organization?
-Signposting uses signals or transitional phrases to guide the audience through the speech, indicating where the speaker is in the discussion and helping them follow the progression of ideas.
What are some strategies to manage public speaking anxiety as mentioned in the script?
-Strategies to manage public speaking anxiety include systematic desensitization (frequent practice), cognitive restructuring (changing perspective on public speaking), and skills training (practicing vocal and physical delivery).
How does the script suggest dealing with communication apprehension in public speaking?
-The script suggests confronting communication apprehension by remembering that it is common, taking deep breaths, dressing professionally, channeling nervousness into positive energy, starting early with research, practicing and getting feedback, visualizing success, and thorough preparation.
What aspects of vocal delivery should a speaker pay attention to during a speech?
-A speaker should pay attention to rate (speed of speech), volume (loudness), pitch (high or low voice), articulation (clarity of sounds), pronunciation (correctness of words), and fluency (smooth flow of speech).
How can a speaker ensure effective physical delivery in the context of remote presentations?
-A speaker can ensure effective physical delivery by practicing facial expressions, eye contact, posture, gestures, and appearance, and by adjusting these elements to be as impactful as they would be in a face-to-face setting.
Outlines
🎙️ Public Speaking: History and Challenges
This paragraph delves into the historical context of public speaking, tracing its roots back to ancient Greek educators and philosophers who wrote the first texts on the subject around 2000 years ago. It acknowledges the enduring challenges faced by students in the 21st century, such as difficulty in seeing the value of public speaking and the struggle with anxiety. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of public speaking in various aspects of life, including academia, career, personal relationships, and civic engagement, and introduces transferable skills like organizing thoughts, researching, and adapting to different audiences.
📊 Analyzing the Audience for Effective Public Speaking
The focus of this paragraph is on the crucial step of audience analysis for effective public speaking. It outlines three types of analysis: demographic, psychological, and situational. Demographic analysis involves examining social and cultural categories like age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Psychological analysis delves into the audience's attitudes, beliefs, and values, which are depicted as layers from attitudes as the outermost to values as the innermost layer. Situational analysis considers the physical context and setting of the speech. The paragraph underscores the importance of adapting to the audience to create an impactful speech.
🎯 Determining Purpose, Topic, and Thesis for Public Speaking
This paragraph discusses the importance of determining the purpose of a speech, which can be to inform, persuade, or entertain, and how this purpose guides the selection of the topic and the formulation of a thesis statement. The thesis statement is described as the central idea of the speech, serving as a guide to keep the speech focused. The paragraph also touches on the process of brainstorming and narrowing down to a specific topic, emphasizing the significance of a clear and concise thesis statement in organizing and delivering a speech.
🔍 Research and Supporting Material for Public Speaking
The paragraph emphasizes the importance of research in gathering supporting material for a public speech. It discusses the necessity of discerning credible and relevant information from the vast sources available, especially in the digital age. The paragraph also outlines various supporting strategies such as using examples, explanations, statistics, analogies, testimony, and visual aids to reinforce the speech content. It highlights the need for statistics to be understood in context and used to defy audience expectations, while analogies and testimonies provide relatable and impactful evidence.
📝 Organizing the Speech: Strategies and Techniques
This paragraph provides an in-depth look at how to organize a speech, starting with the arrangement of main points using various setups like topical, chronological, problem-solution, cause-effect, and Monroe's Motivated Sequence. It also discusses the use of signposting to guide the audience through transitions in the speech. The paragraph suggests starting with an attention grabber and ending with a compelling conclusion that summarizes the main points and leaves a lasting impression on the audience.
🚀 Delivering the Speech: Managing Anxiety and Enhancing Delivery
The paragraph addresses the common challenge of public speaking anxiety and offers strategies for managing it, such as systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, and skills training. It stresses the importance of not ignoring anxiety and confronting it as a normal part of the public speaking process. The paragraph also provides tips on reducing anxiety, such as remembering that embarrassment isn't fatal, taking deep breaths, dressing professionally, and channeling nervousness into positive energy. Additionally, it touches on the importance of early preparation, practicing, and seeking feedback to improve delivery.
🌟 Final Thoughts on Public Speaking and Preparation
In the concluding paragraph, the speaker summarizes the key points of the lecture, reiterating the importance of preparation, practice, and delivery in public speaking. They encourage the audience to incorporate the tips and techniques discussed into their own speeches and express anticipation for the speeches to be delivered in the following week. The paragraph leaves the audience with a sense of readiness and confidence to tackle their public speaking engagements.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Public Speaking
💡Transferable Skills
💡Persuasive Techniques
💡Topic Selection
💡Demographic Analysis
💡Psychological Analysis
💡Situational Analysis
💡Monroe's Motivated Sequence
💡Signposting
💡Vocal Delivery
💡Physical Delivery
💡Public Speaking Anxiety
Highlights
Public speaking has been a fundamental skill for over 2000 years, with the first texts on the subject written by ancient Greek educators and philosophers.
Despite being taught for millennia, public speaking remains a challenge for modern students who often struggle to see its value or find it intimidating.
Public speaking is a powerful tool for addressing social issues and comes with transferable skills beneficial in various aspects of life, including academia, career, and personal relationships.
Key transferable skills from public speaking include organizing thoughts, conducting research, adapting to different audiences, and utilizing persuasive techniques.
The process of creating an effective public speech involves four main parts: selecting and narrowing a topic, researching and supporting the topic, organizing the speech, and delivering it.
Analyzing the audience is crucial for effective public speaking, involving demographic, psychological, and situational analyses to adapt the speech accordingly.
Demographic analysis considers age, gender, race, socio-economic status, and other social categories to tailor the speech content to the audience.
Psychological analysis delves into the audience's attitudes, beliefs, and values, which are essential for impactful speeches aiming to influence societal perspectives.
Situational analysis focuses on the physical context of the speech, including the setting and available technology, especially important in the new normal of online presentations.
Determining the purpose of the speech, whether to inform, persuade, or entertain, guides the selection of the topic and the development of the thesis statement.
A thesis statement is a one-sentence central idea of the speech that serves as a guiding principle and ensures the speaker stays focused on the core message.
Researching and supporting the speech involves finding credible and relevant material, understanding the context of statistics, and using various supporting strategies like examples and analogies.
Organizing the speech effectively is key, with methods like Monroe's Motivated Sequence providing a clear structure to guide the audience through attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action.
Signposting is an essential technique for guiding the audience through the speech, helping them follow transitions and understand the flow of ideas.
Delivering the speech requires managing public speaking anxiety through strategies like systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, and skills training.
Vocal and physical delivery are critical in speech presentation, including rate, volume, pitch, articulation, pronunciation, facial expressions, eye contact, posture, and gestures.
Practicing with visual aids and focusing on both vocal and physical delivery ensures the speech is engaging and effectively communicates the intended message.
Transcripts
hello everyone welcome to our
sixth mojo and this is titled
communication aids and presentation
strategies but
for the purposes of your upcoming
speeches i'm going to focus more
on public speaking in this particular
lecture okay so let's begin with
contextualizing public speaking
all right so public speaking has been
there since time immemorial
in fact ancient greek educators and
philosophers
wrote the first public speaking text and
these were around
like 2 000 years ago and you could only
imagine like how
long public speaking has been there and
how long the principles of public
speaking
have been around you know thousands of
years
and of course these principles have been
taught
to students to millions of students but
you see that
until now okay until this modern day
until this 21st century
there's still a challenge confronting
students
with regards to public speaking some
students
find it hard to see the value in it and
some students just find it
really challenging and they struggle at
the thought
of public speaking so we know for sure
that public speaking has its own purpose
why it exists in the first place right
and in the academe and even in real life
when confronting social issues public
speaking is a very powerful
avenue and we all know that public
speaking also has
uh you know transferable skills that
will help us
not only in the academe but also in
college classes
in your career in your future career
personal relationships even and even in
our
civic life so some of these transferable
skills might be
organizing your thoughts like outlining
your information doing research
and adapting to various audiences that's
very important
and of course utilizing you know
persuasive techniques or
like simple public speaking techniques
which we're about to discuss in this
lecture
okay so with that uh with that being
said with all those things being said
let us try to work out on how we could
at least
start with a public speech how we could
try to you know do our own public speech
and do it effectively all right at the
very least
we are not actually expecting you to be
brilliant speakers from the first time
that you speak
publicly no it's not like that when you
do a public speech it's more of
you doing it over and over again for you
to be able to
uh be good at it okay same thing with
other life skills by the way
so for this lecture uh it's going to be
composed of four parts
uh the first part being selecting and
narrowing your topic the second part
is how you move from your topic which is
researching and supporting your topic
and of course if you already have uh
these two
then it's now time to organize your
speech and then later on the final part
would be
to deliver your speech so that's
delivering your speech those are the
four parts so let's begin
with the very first part which is
selecting and narrowing a topic okay so
the first thing that you have to do
is to analyze your audience which is the
very goal of this module
so you see that we have to really adapt
to various audiences right and we have
to
make sure that these audiences are being
catered
and this is part of our cultural
sensitivity as well this is part of
the things that we have been discussing
about cross-cultural communication and
such
and because propositive communication is
really all about purpose
then audience is really at the core of
it okay so
the the question is how do you analyze
your audience so we have three different
types of analysis
when it comes to audience the first one
is going to be
demographic right so um demographic
analysis
would mean looking at the demographics
right
and when we define demographics these
are
uh the broad social cultural categories
uh when we say the social cultural
categories these diseases are like
age gender race socio-economic status
you know
educational level ethnicity what else uh
sexual orientation um what else
nationality okay so some
those are the things that we use to
segment a larger population
right you see that in during census but
we have uh
we are looking into demographics okay so
when you analyze
your student your audiences sorry uh
regarding
these particular demographics you're
trying to see
where you can adapt okay in terms of
their age maybe
because when you talk to people older
than you
it's a different thing and when you talk
to people that are of your
age it's a different thing and of course
when you talk to people younger than you
of the is of different thing as well
same thing with education level
right you cannot really talk about uh
talk jargons or very technical
medicinal terms for people who are
layman in terms of medicine
so you might as well choose your
vocabulary wisely
okay so these are just examples of how
you can um
adjust or analyze your audience
in terms of the demographics right
number two or secondly would be
psychological analysis or psychological
audience analysis
so when you say psychological audience
analysis
we are looking into your audience's
psychological dispositions okay and this
positions toward
the topic toward you as a speaker
and toward the situation itself towards
the context
and we are actually looking at their
attitudes beliefs
and values because these three inform
those dispositions okay let me transfer
to the next slide real quick
so as you can see here this is a figure
that shows you psychological
dispositions of
an audience or even any person given at
that matter
all right so as you can see here we have
three layers the innermost layer will be
the values
and then the second layer would be the
beliefs it's in the middle
and the outermost layer would be the
attitudes
right so what do
these all right what do these mean okay
what what do
psychological dispositions mean all
right when you're doing
a speech you have to consider all these
things because
again number one you have to be
sensitive number two you have to observe
respect
for whatever differences you you may
experience or you they may have
uh and you actually want
to create an impact right and you
creating an impact have something to do
with these
uh with these particular layers of
psychological dispositions right
let me uh differentiate these layers
okay
attitudes being the outermost layer this
has something to do with your audience's
likes and dislikes
all right so likes and dislikes whether
their favor
uh whether it's favorable for them
whether they're not really in favor of
them
you know um and these are very
reactionary in nature
meaning how they react okay how they
approach
a certain uh circumstance
so this is basically uh
influenced by very external factors like
for example
uh a survey or a poll uh
that says this particular politician is
actually
the masses favorite or are a majority of
the people
like has a very high approval rate for
this politician
other people might easily be manipulated
and they may like that politician just
given a particular survey
and the attitude towards that politician
might change
okay they like that politician already
so these
kinds of uh circumstances fall under the
attitudes of people
towards a certain concept topic or
circumstance or even person
right whether they like or dislike it
that's as simple as that
okay now beliefs being
uh more inner okay it's much much inner
now beliefs are
not just about likes and dislikes
beliefs are
what your audience believe to be
true or false okay so if attitudes are
just about
likes and dislikes whether they like
this or not beliefs are
what they believe is true or what they
believe
is false and this might be rooted
in what they have been taught or
what they have previously experienced in
life
like for example uh
beliefs when for example the audience
believes that
politicians are all dirty politicians
are all corrupt
politicians are are people
who are uh you know greedy and stuff
like that
these are beliefs that are influenced by
perhaps what have been taught to them or
what they have experienced themselves
since they have experienced politicians
who are really
no good for their community however for
example when they met
vico soto who happens to be an
anti-corrupt
corruption champion for example and he
has proven it time and time again
then your belief about politician might
change
all right so that belief that you think
politicians are all greedy or
are all corrupt might change so what you
believe is true back then
you now believe that it is false since
there is an experience that you have
encountered
that might have changed it all right so
uh again beliefs would be what the
audience
uh knows is true or
is false now the values being the
innermost
layer and most of the time the
the the one where everything else is
anchored on okay this is very deeply
rooted
in our culture in our in our psyche or
in the beliefs that we have faith
in or sorry or in the things that we
have faith in okay
um the set of principles that we have
okay these are our values
and if attitudes are likes and dislikes
if beliefs are what is true or false
values are what is good and what is
wrong
okay so when people believe that this is
good then people believe that this is
wrong and in your speech for example you
would want to influence
that particular notion or that
particular values
then you have to make sure that you
touch deeply
okay into what might uh cause an impact
to their values because not
because a survey will not change it a
particular
experience would not change it
however a an experience that is a matter
of
life and death an experience that is
traumatic
might be able to change the value so
again going back
to our first um step on how to
select a topic or narrow a topic which
is
analyzing our audience the psychological
uh analysis of your audience is very
very crucial
okay because again when you want to
have an impactful speech and when you
want
to make at least an effect
a positive change towards a society you
have to target
not only people's attitudes
not only people's beliefs but people's
values as well
and this will come in people's
re-evaluation of our personal set of
principles
how we view the world our perspectives
you know
and uh these are very crucial things to
actually consider
when you're writing your own speech and
delivering it
eventually okay and then the third one
and now
uh would be situational analysis of your
audience so
it's not enough that you analyze the
the abstract contexts okay you could
also
uh analyze the physical context which is
the situational analysis when you do
situational analysis
what you do is you actually what
consider the physical surroundings
okay and setting of the speech so where
are your audience seated
what what would be the arrangement of
the seats in the room where will you be
as a speaker
okay is there any gadget or equipment
available for you
uh what are the technology that you're
gonna use okay so in this case
since we are in the new normal setup and
you're gonna do your speech online
and you're gonna do it via you know
computer-mediated technology then you
have to make sure that you
are aware of what particular um
gadgets or equipment are available to
you
that would best fit your need to be able
to record a particular speech
okay what are the what are the things
the the materials that you're gonna be
needing how are you gonna position
yourself
uh how are you gonna film it etc etc so
uh how would your audience
you know see you on the other side of
the screen because remember it's a very
different thing when you see your
audience physically
but in the new normal setup you don't
have the chance to see them physically
because
number one it's gonna be recorded number
two you're just one end of the screen so
how would you appear you know how would
you package yourself
for the person in the other side okay
so something like that next after you've
analyzed your audience you have to
determine your purpose your topic and
your thesis so let's have purpose first
right
so for the purpose um a speech
can actually fall under or can actually
have
three main purposes number one would be
to inform
second would be to persuade and third
would be to entertain
okay and of course these particular
purposes can branch out into many sub
purposes depending on really what your
purpose is
and sometimes they overlap so
you know very well that the inform is
just a purpose
to make yours your audience more aware
of things
to to help your audience understand some
concepts
relay information that would help them
etc etc
so to persuade is more likely
what you're gonna use for the advocacy
speech because this is advocacy
and you're trying to persuade people to
act
you're trying to persuade people to
listen to you
and listen to the cries of people
affected by this particular issue or
problem the society
okay and uh thirdly would be to
entertain you basically just want to
you know uh give people a good laugh
amusement or something that really would
be a stress reliever
something that would uh make them
feel like you know feel lighter
about this life all right and then once
you are done with your purpose like
what do you really want to do in your
speech you come up with your topic and
in this case you're not going to
think about your topic anymore because
you already have a topic in mind right
which is your
group's advocacy now uh
if you don't have a topic in mind yet
for example this is a speech that you're
doing from scratch this is not for this
is not for propositive comp this is for
other class
and you're asked for a topic what you do
is you brainstorm first
okay you brainstorm like what you did
right the first time that you're talking
about your advocacy so you brainstorm
first i saw your options as to what
could be alternatives
etc etc so you write the pros and cons
you write the
you write all the things that you would
want to write at first and then you try
to
sort things out you try process of
elimination
and you try what topic would work best
for you
okay and now from a topic you're going
to narrow it down to a thesis statement
and i always ask you for a thesis
statement right
because a thesis is the very core
message
of your speech so a thesis statement or
theses
is actually a one sentence central idea
of the entire speech so if you have
a thesis statement in mind you're not
going to be lost because you have some
sort of like a guide or a magnet that
pulls
your ideas together into one centralized
theme
okay so that you don't really get lost
okay
so a thesis statement is like your your
directional uh
magnet okay this is uh what you have to
defend
at the end of the day this is what you
have to explain at the end of the day
all right so once you have these things
you may now proceed to
researching and supporting your speech
so that's the second thing that you have
to do
in order to have a successful public
speech
so what do you do when you research and
support your speech of course
the first thing to do is to find
supporting material and we've already
talked about apa remember we've already
talked about credible sources
we've already talked about these things
and you know
while while the information
is all at our fingertips this 21st
century
okay especially in the advent of
technology research skills
are more important than ever all right
so our challenge now is not the source
because they're everywhere the challenge
now is
not accessing information but
discerning what information is credible
okay what information is relevant what
information do i
need what information do i eliminate
okay how do i
assess the legitimacy of these
information so these are the research
skills that we have to have
right now and when you're having a
speech
you better have credible sources where
you better have relevant sources because
you only have a few minutes to do it
right and your support material
would mean a lot in order for you to
move your audience in that
period of time okay so you have
different source materials like
periodicals newspapers books
general references these would be
dictionaries encyclopedias etc
interviews so once you have supporting
materials already
you have to sort them out right you have
to just filter what you need
now you have uh to utilize supporting
strategies where you're gonna
incorporate
your um supporting material okay and
these are some of the supporting
strategies that you can use you can use
examples so examples are
what cited cases that are representative
of a larger whole
so when you use examples you're trying
to use
cases instances people
that could exemplify your claim
or that could provide evidence to your
statement or to your claim
okay explanation as easy as it may seem
it's just clarifying ideas
by providing information about what
something is
all right or or why something is that
way or how something works or came to be
okay for example so these are uh how you
explain
statistics are numerical
presentation or representation of
information and you all know what
statistics are okay
and so and you know statistics are very
very powerful
figures okay they're very very powerful
figures
now i have a few tips for you to be able
to use statistics
wisely or effectively okay firstly
is that you make sure that you
understand the context from
which a statistic emerges emerges
because not
not because the statistic seems
wonderful okay i will pick this
and put this in my speech and it will
startle everybody
okay make sure that you understand the
context because if you overuse
statistics and if you use them out of
context
they become very dangerous as well okay
so make sure
that you use statistics because you
understand the context from which it
emerges
okay don't ever use them um if it's like
a
false example or false case or not
really a related
relevant case okay don't use the
statistic for that
okay um second you
have to use statistics that defy
audience expectations okay like people
people believe that this is true and
then you counter them you present this
particular
uh statistics that actually startled
them or that actually
oh really is that true then you back it
up with your source which is credible
so that could actually like get their
attention and that could actually
uh you know give room for them to listen
to you and
okay so again let's see how what you're
gonna say about this okay because i
didn't know this
right and then you could also use like
charts like percentages ratios to convey
your information if this the six would
seem very overwhelming
so make sure that your statistics are
actually digestible as well to your
audience sk
because if statistics aren't really not
digestible
uh it will be in vain it will be useless
but if the statistics really is
understandable
down to the very layman of mathematics
then
that could be uh very very effective
on your end okay next we can use
analogies
so analogies actually are
comparisons of ideas of circumstances or
items so for example
uh we have oh we have two different
analogies okay we have the literal
analogy and we have the figurative
analogy when literal analogy we really
literally compared to two different
items so for example
philippines and america we compare them
as to the
nationalized healthcare system okay for
example japan and the us we compare them
as to the
the economy the tiger economy that
they they have okay um when we say
figurative analogy
this is comparing two different things
so example just as the wind brings
changes in the weather okay so this
revolution bring change to countries
okay something like that
since ed suggest you know we just
celebrated edsa
okay oh where did i go okay
so testimony you all know what a
testimony is right a testimony
is nothing but a quoted information from
people
with uh with direct knowledge about a
certain subject or situation
or a life story that they actually
experienced or
witnessed okay and then of course visual
aid visual aids are also strategies
supporting strategies in terms of
speaking
because they help the speaker reinforce
the speech
content visually okay which helps to
amplify the message
in turn okay so visual aids objects
boards flip charts all of these
would help in terms of reinforcing the
speech okay
let's move on to part three which is
organizing your speech now that you have
that you already have content okay
because you've already researched for
it you've you've already planned for
what strategies you will utilize when
you write your speech already now it's
time for you to write it
okay so organizing your speech first
thing to do you have to organize your
points how would you
okay want to present
the content of your speech okay there
are different
uh setups that you may use in organize
in organizing your points so first one
is topical so this is just mean by topic
so topic one topic two topic three topic
four
you just um organized it that way and
then you proceed to writing them
per topic okay chronological would mean
more like
uh step one step two step three what
happened first what happened next what
happened last okay chronological will be
more of the narrative side it would be
more of what comes first and then what
comes next what comes last
all right problem solution you present
the problem first
and then you try to offer a solution to
it just the same
we know with paragraph development that
we've been studying since elementary
english right
next is cause and effect so you
you present the cause what are its
effects and
the effects might be like the the
problem that we
that we experience from that particular
cause or the cost may be the advocacy
and the effects would be a better world
so something like that
now this one is one of my favorite
because this is very
concrete k steps in terms of organizing
your main points so this is called
monroe's motivated
um speech sequence or mono's motivated
sequence or mms okay
so mms has five steps okay
namely attention need satisfaction
visualization and action and
personally i find this very useful in
terms of organizing a speech okay
number one you start with attention
grabber okay so
how do you get attention off your
audience okay
maybe um you use humor you use startling
statistic
or whatever whatever you find like an
interesting material from the
from those that you've gathered or
something like that then you might be
able to get the attention of the
the audience now if your audience's
attention is one
then half your battle is won okay
because if
your speech won't really be getting any
attention from the very start then it
would fail
because you're not going to get them to
listen to your points and
you know if if the the the call to
action will be based on the points that
you're providing and no one's listening
then of course it would be in vain but
if your audience is hooked
once you deliver that first line that
first sentence
then half your battle is won okay it
means that they're
tuning in to you and they're giving you
time
and they're giving you the benefit of
the doubt okay they're giving you
the room to actually you know penetrate
their attitudes their beliefs and values
okay now next is the need all right
so after you grabbed our attention you
how you would want to discuss
why is there a need for you to talk
about what you're talking about
okay why is there a need for you to
address this particular problem
why is there a need for you to stand
there and speak
why is there a need for you to voice out
okay something like that and then
number three would be satisfaction now
since you've already provided the
problem here because that's the need
how do you now satisfy that need
how do you now address that problem what
do you now propose are you proposing
something
that's from the status quo are you
proposing something that's different
from what's serving in the status quo
are you really proposing something
that's totally new or are you proposing
something that
they oppose okay this is why audience
you know audience analysis is very
important okay because your satisfaction
stage may mean
something different from what they are
trying to
believe in okay so next is visualization
stage you may want to let them visualize
what world would it make if your
proposal is done if they're all going to
move
if they're all going to change their
behavior what particular
world can we visualize together and the
number five
action given these contexts and given
the
things that we can visualize out of it
what is
your call to action now next is
incorporate support material which we've
already
discussed earlier now let's go to
using of sign posting so when you use
sign posting this is just a matter of
using signals
in order for you to uh
introduce the next uh content or the
the transition between your thoughts
and using sign posting would guide your
audience
uh in terms of where you are now and it
would actually help them understand you
better because
it's like they could follow you through
uh because
this sign posting are one is one of the
things that help you be more organized
in your speech
okay so for example you say first let's
discuss this blah blah blah then you
discuss
and then you say now that we've
discussed this let us take a look into
this blah blah blah okay these are kinds
of signposting
which are transitions between words or
sorry transition between
thoughts now you could also have signed
posting at the end
you could you could even have sign
posting in the beginning
right what are you gonna discuss can
that's that's gonna be uh
sign posting as well but if your
strategy is not to use signposting
that's okay as well
because in the introduction uh
it's quite plain if you just say good
morning everyone
today i'm going to discuss one block two
blah blah three blah blah
it's really plain and we understand
the the need for us to
get the attention right so you're not
going to start very plainly like that so
you can actually start very creatively
so again you can use sign posting
sparingly and you can
just use it like in between transitions
of content
and then in towards the doors the ending
when you're already concluding
okay so like just use them to your
liking and to your preference okay
so for an introduction you may use humor
some tips long so
cite a starting fact and statistic just
like what i've said earlier
you may use a quote ask a question or
tell a story
however asking a question is kind of
obsolete and it's
kind of like really common so if you
think of something
more creative than that then go for it
okay for conclusion
you may need to summarize your uh the
importance of your topic review your
main points and
end with a bang okay what does this mean
because
ending your speech is as important as
beginning your speech right your end
should be as powerful as how you begin
and as as your main points because
tendency is
the first thing that the audience would
remember would be the last thing that
they heard from you
in this case your ending so make sure
that your ending
is that compelling make sure that your
ending
is you know is gonna make them stand
and and it's gonna make them applause
okay aim for that
aim for that impact because that kind of
impact is what makes
you know great speakers great out there
okay the impact that they leave when
they end the speech
okay now let's move on to
delivering your speech
okay now that you have organized your
body
uh now that you've organized your speech
you are now
uh ready to deliver your speech okay so
first we look into
managing the public speaking
anxiety right you know what
in most cases bad delivery
distracts us from a message that is good
so that means no matter how good your
content
is if the delivery is poor
then we can actually fail altogether
because people would not want to listen
to a poor delivery
right so only very few people were not
judgmental
or all guilty of this would be trying to
absorb what you're trying to say but
you know the average person person would
not care
right that's how judgmental we are and
so
we have to really you know give
attention to other
to our delivery as much as we give
attention to our content of course when
we have
good content everything else would
follow
and now we have to work on our delivery
okay
so um if we
like feel or feel yourself feel anxious
okay if you feel uncomfortable if you
like if you're confronted with that
big anxiety towards you know
public speaking you're not alone
please know that you're not alone
everybody has that
you know communication apprehension that
we call and it's one of the top
most fears among students okay it's
public speaking
not math actually okay but anyway
communication apprehension is a fear or
anxiety experienced by a person
due to a real or perceived communication
you know with another person or person
so in this case public speaking
is an example of communication
apprehension okay because we have a
we have a perceived communication
failure we have perceived communication
tension
okay we are we have the fear of the
uncertain
okay we don't know what's gonna happen
when i speak we don't know
what people are gonna react we don't
know
how people are gonna treat me or how
people are gonna look at me in the first
place so these things
are actually some of the problems that
bring us this communication apprehension
or this public speaking anxiety okay
lack of confidence
so how do we address it okay we have
uh three different um
strategies that experts advise when it
comes to managing your speaking
anxiety first of which would be
systematic this sensitive
desensitization okay but when we
desensitize it means that
we try to be as numb as possible
so this is systematic the sensitivity
the sensitization sorry
in terms of public speaking is like this
you try to desensitize okay
yourself of public speaking by doing it
more
frequently okay because again when you
do
an activity more frequently you're going
to be if you're getting familiar with it
more and more and all the more that
you're that you know your your
all your fears are gone the
uncertainties are gone because you're
doing it you're getting more familiar
with it so it means that the more you
practice public speaking
the more desensitized you're gonna be
and of course again
this is just one avenue for you to do a
public speaking
you i advise you or i suggest that you
try to
get as many avenue as you can in order
for you to have public speaking
opportunities because that will
desensitize you
okay that is one big uh secret
of great public speakers why they are so
confident on stage
that is because they are desensitized
right they do
this very often and
they are very comfortable at the stage
okay so next is
cognitive restructuring so when we say
cognitive restructuring we try to
restructure
okay what we think of
this particular public speaking thing
okay
do we think of it as a performance or do
we think of it
as mainly a conversation when you think
of it as a performance then you need to
restructure
your cognitive concepts because when you
do that
and instead think of a public speaking
as a conversation
towards people who are going for a
better society just like you do
then probably the anxiety would be
lessened and lessened
until it's reduced to the very minimal
level
okay when you restructure what your
brain tells you when you restructure
your cognitive concepts towards
public speaking it would help you a lot
right so you could use like
positive uh restructuring therapy
you could you know a simplest change of
words
can be used as a technique for cognitive
restructuring like for example
uh if you don't use the word stage
fright
you just use anxiety public speaking
anxiety that makes a lot of difference
because stage would mean performance and
there's no stage
in front of a classroom for example
you're not really performing on stage
right you are speaking to people you're
conversing to people
right and that stage is not really a
stage but the platform
right this is an avenue this is an
opportunity so if you just
try to change your vocabulary of these
things you know how little by little
this changes your perspective towards
public speaking
and then of course skills training you
have to really practice and practice and
practice
practice your vocals practice your
posture practice your facial
you know practice your speech okay
because uh the skills training is is
very much different
when you practice outlining your speech
more often
you know practicing your of uh facing
the public more often and that's gonna
you know that's gonna win you the battle
so you have to really acquire those
skills
and of course these skills are very
important because these are life
skills not only one subject skill
these are 10 ways on how to reduce
anxiety so let me just read it to you
number one remember you
are not alone public speak anxiety is
common so don't ignore
it you confront it just like any other
life problem
don't ignore it confront it okay
secondly remember you can't literally
die of embarrassment audiences are
forgiving and understanding
okay your teachers are forgiving and
understanding your classmates are
forgiving and understanding so please
you know um be comfortable number three
remember
it always feels worse than it looks okay
number four take deep breaths
it releases endofins which naturally
fight the adrenaline
adrenaline that causes anxiety okay so
take deep breaths um this would
especially work
before you even go to
that platform and speak okay before you
even go to
in front of the camera and record your
speech okay
look the part dressed professionally to
enhance confidence
you feel sometimes how you're dressed or
the way you look affect your posture
and your posture affects your confidence
as well
okay so sometimes our moods depend on
the clothes we wear or sometimes the
clothes we wear are actually anchored on
the moods we feel at the moment
right so same thing with public speaking
number six channel your nervousness into
positive energy and motivation so
instead
of like fears you
you transfer it into positive stress
right
the fear of the you know the the fear
translated into excitement of what
people might think
of excitement of what or how people
might react okay
excitement of how this could impact a
positive change
okay seven start your outline and
research early of course better
information
equals higher confidence if you're not
really sure about what you're saying
then more probably you're not gonna be
very confident about it
okay number eight practice and get
feedback from a trusted source
don't just practice for your cat okay
and then number nine
visualize success through positive
thinking number ten prepare prepare
prepare
okay practice is a speaker's best friend
so you just
don't go there and prepare it unless
it's impromptu
but because this is a manuscript speech
speech activity
and this is a prepared speech activity
you have lots and lots of time
to prepare so when you are rehearsing
actually
you can rehearse as early as when you're
writing
your speech okay you can rehearse this
early as you're outlining the speech
you know what i do that when i research
when i outline i
recite to myself like if this were a
speech already
how am i gonna say it okay and if this
sounds good if this does not
okay something like that so you can do
that as well right okay
lastly do deliver yours
do pay attention to vocal delivery like
your rate your volume repeats your
articulation pronunciation
so we all know that rate is the
is how fast or slow you speak right so
there should be a variation of that
volume refers to how loud you are or how
soft your voice is
okay loud for emphasis softness for
uh some sort of like flavor or
like intensity of emotions that could be
very you know subtle
okay is how high or low your
speaker's speakers voices
so this would actually add to the um to
the
emotions of the speech as well and this
would add to
how audience can relate to you okay
articulation refer refers to how
clarity you know this is the clarity
of the sounds and words that you produce
okay
well pronunciation focuses on
the correctness of the words that you're
producing
okay this is clarity this is correctness
and then fluency
um when we say fluent cinema this refers
to
the flow of your speech okay whether uh
the
flow is smooth or there are some fluency
hiccups
when we say fluency hiccups these are
like the fillers
these are some sort of pauses that are
unexpected and that are not really
pleasant
because you're thinking of what you're
saying next or you're
really forgot what you're about to say
something like that okay so
avoid uh fluency hiccups by
preparing preparing preparing for your
speech
next is pay attention to physical
delivery and you all know this facial
expression eye contact posture gestures
appearance now
the challenge is in the new normal setup
you have to really make sure that your
physical delivery would still be as
effective
as it would have been if this were a
face-to-face
speech game then of course practice with
your visuals alright
so that's the end of the lecture i hope
that you got something
and if you could incorporate something
else from
these then you incorporate them in your
own speech and progress
and i'm looking forward to your speeches
by next week
okay all the best everybody
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