Sejarah perkembangan administrasi negara

Summary

This lecture on public administration explores the historical development of the field, beginning with ancient civilizations like Egypt and China, progressing through Greece, Rome, and the Middle Ages. The speaker highlights key influences such as Confucianism, Aristotle's political ideas, and the role of the church in shaping governance. The history continues with modern developments in the U.S. and Indonesia, emphasizing the establishment of administrative institutions, the challenges of post-independence governance, and the growing complexity of state administration. The lecture stresses the importance of understanding public administration to address contemporary societal needs and complex collaboration in today's world.

Takeaways

• 😀 Public administration as a field has deep historical roots, originating in ancient civilizations like Egypt, China, and Greece.
• 😀 Ancient Egypt is recognized as the first civilization to develop a formal public administration system, around 1300 BCE.
• 😀 In ancient China, Confucian principles significantly influenced the administration, emphasizing good governance and the selection of honest officials.
• 😀 Ancient Greece saw the development of democratic governance, with philosophers like Aristotle and Plato contributing to political theory and public administration.
• 😀 The Roman Empire applied a more practical and realistic approach to administration compared to Greece, with a strong influence on state governance.
• 😀 During the Middle Ages, the Church played a key role in shaping administrative structures, with Calvin promoting the need for strong leadership in governance.
• 😀 The *kameralismus* period in Prussia and Austria (1550-1700) focused on the development of administration through scholarly work, influencing modern public administration.
• 😀 The United States, post-independence, faced challenges in establishing an administrative system, with debates on the practicalities of governance in a democratic context.
• 😀 In Indonesia, public administration was initially non-existent under colonial rule, with the nation starting to develop its own administrative systems after independence.
• 😀 The creation of the National Institute of Public Administration (LAN) in Indonesia in 1957 marked a pivotal step in advancing the field of public administration within the country.
• 😀 Modern public administration in Indonesia has evolved from a legalistic approach to a more pragmatic and practical system, influenced by American models and international collaboration.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the lecture presented in the transcript?

The main topic of the lecture is the history and development of public administration, with a focus on the evolution of state administration through various historical periods.

Why is it important to study the history of state administration?

Studying the history of state administration is important because it helps understand how administrative systems have evolved over time, shaping the modern state and its functioning in society.

Which ancient civilization is said to have the earliest form of state administration?

Ancient Egypt is said to have the earliest form of state administration, with records suggesting administrative systems in place around 1300 BCE.

How did Confucius influence state administration in Ancient China?

Confucius influenced state administration in Ancient China by advocating for the selection of government officials based on merit and moral integrity, emphasizing the need for a well-governed household and public service.

What role did ancient Greece play in the development of state administration?

Ancient Greece played a significant role in the development of state administration through philosophers like Aristotle, who supported democratic governance and emphasized the importance of public administration in political theory.

What is the distinction between state administration in Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece?

While Ancient Greece focused on democratic ideals and philosophical discourse, Ancient Rome's state administration was more practical and methodological, based on legalistic and realistic approaches to governance.

How did the Middle Ages affect the development of state administration?

During the Middle Ages, the church played a major role in the development of state administration. Thinkers like Calvin proposed the need for strong church leadership, influencing administrative structures and governance.

What was the 'Cameralist' period, and how did it influence state administration?

The Cameralist period, which occurred between 1550 and 1700, was a time when German and Austrian professors and administrators focused on state administration theory. It emphasized a strong, state-led economic and bureaucratic system.

How did the American colonies' administration differ from that of their British rulers?

The administration in the American colonies differed from British rule due to the disconnect between policies made in Britain, which were not always suitable for the colonies, leading to dissatisfaction and ultimately, independence.

What were the challenges faced by Indonesia in developing its state administration after independence?

After gaining independence, Indonesia faced challenges such as a lack of experienced administrators, the impact of war, and the absence of an established administrative system. This resulted in inefficiencies and the need for education and training in state administration.

What significant step did Indonesia take in 1957 to improve its state administration?

In 1957, Indonesia established the National Institute of Public Administration (LAN), with the collaboration of experts from the United States, to improve the training and education of public administrators in the country.

How does modern public administration differ from the past, according to the lecture?

Modern public administration is more complex and practical, with a focus on public service and efficiency, contrasting with the legalistic and normative approaches of earlier periods. It is also influenced by globalization and the increasing complexity of societal needs.

What is the current perception of state administration in Indonesia, and how does it affect public service?

In Indonesia, state administration is sometimes seen narrowly as office work and bureaucracy, leading to misunderstandings about its broader role in managing complex systems and providing public services. There is a need to emphasize its broader function and importance in societal governance.