Difference between Multitasking, Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing | Operating system | CSE

Summary

This video script delves into the concepts of multiprocessing, multitasking, and multiprogramming within operating systems. It explains the difference between these terms, illustrating how processes transition between various states and how scheduling is managed. The script uses analogies and diagrams to clarify the concepts, such as the role of the long-term scheduler and the short-term scheduler in process management. It also touches on the impact of multitasking on user experience and the technicalities of implementing time-sharing systems, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of these fundamental computing principles.

Takeaways

• 😀 Multiprogramming, multitasking, and multiprocessing are three distinct concepts that are often confused but have clear differences in the context of operating systems.
• 🔄 Multiprogramming refers to the ability of an operating system to keep multiple processes in the ready state to be executed, managed by the long-term scheduler.
• 🔄 Multitasking is related to time-sharing, allowing multiple processes to share a single processing unit by dividing time into quanta, giving the illusion of simultaneous execution.
• 💡 The concept of time quantum is introduced in multitasking, where the CPU time is divided into small units to be allocated among processes, ensuring fair usage.
• 🛑 The difference between multiprogramming and multitasking lies in the management of processes; multiprogramming focuses on having multiple processes ready for execution, while multitasking deals with the execution of multiple processes over time.
• 👨‍💻 The script discusses the role of the short-term scheduler in moving processes from the ready state to the running state, which is crucial for multitasking.
• 🔄 In multitasking, processes are given a time slot to run, and if they do not complete within that time, they are moved back to the ready state, allowing other processes to run.
• 🔄 The response time in multitasking is an important metric, which is the time it takes for a process to start running after it is submitted to the system.
• 🔄 Multiprocessing is related to systems with multiple processors, allowing several processes to run simultaneously on different processors.
• 👷‍♂️ The script also touches on the implementation of multitasking and the challenges of managing processes, such as the need to preempt a running process for an emergency process.
• 🛠 The importance of understanding the differences between these concepts is emphasized for better system performance and efficient process management.

Q & A

What are the three concepts discussed in the video?

The three concepts discussed are multiprogramming, multitasking, and multiprocessing.

How does multiprogramming work in an operating system?

Multiprogramming involves keeping more than one process in memory at the same time, allowing the CPU to switch between them to optimize resource use and improve system efficiency.

What role does the long-term scheduler play in multiprogramming?

The long-term scheduler is responsible for loading processes from the new state into the ready state in memory, ensuring that there are always processes ready to be executed by the CPU.

What is the main difference between multiprogramming and multitasking?

The main difference is that multiprogramming focuses on keeping multiple processes ready to be executed, while multitasking involves the CPU switching between processes in quick succession based on time-sharing to give the illusion of concurrent execution.

How does the short-term scheduler function in a multitasking environment?

In a multitasking environment, the short-term scheduler allocates CPU time to various processes in small time slices, ensuring that all processes get a chance to run and that no single process monopolizes the CPU.

What is meant by 'time-sharing' in the context of multitasking?

Time-sharing refers to the method where the CPU's time is divided into small intervals and allocated to different processes, allowing multiple processes to run seemingly simultaneously.

How does the concept of 'response time' differ between multiprogramming and multitasking?

In multitasking, response time is generally shorter and more predictable because processes are given regular time slices to execute. In multiprogramming, response time can vary significantly as processes may need to wait longer for CPU access.

What is the definition of 'multitasking' as given in the video?

Multitasking is defined as the technique by which the CPU executes multiple tasks (processes) by switching between them rapidly based on time-sharing, giving the illusion that they are running concurrently.

What is the significance of 'multi-core' processors in the context of multiprocessing?

Multi-core processors have multiple processing units (cores) within a single CPU, allowing true concurrent execution of multiple processes, which is the essence of multiprocessing.

What is the relationship between multiprogramming, multitasking, and multiprocessing?

Multiprogramming involves managing multiple processes in memory, multitasking uses time-sharing to execute multiple processes seemingly concurrently, and multiprocessing leverages multiple CPU cores to run multiple processes truly concurrently.