Mind Mapping Masa Demokrasi Parlementer | Materi IPS Kelas 9

Summary

The video discusses Indonesia during the parliamentary democracy period (1950-1959), focusing on the political, economic, and social developments. It covers the structure of government, the frequent cabinet changes, and the impact of a multi-party system. Key events such as the first general elections, political instability, and economic reforms like currency reduction and nationalization are explored. It also highlights the government's focus on education and the arts to address societal challenges, such as poverty and technical skill gaps. Despite political unrest, the era saw significant achievements like the Bandung Conference and Indonesia's nationalized companies.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Indonesian parliamentary democracy period lasted from 1950 to 1959, during which the political system saw multiple cabinet changes.
• 😀 The political system during this period followed a multi-party system, with multiple political parties actively involved.
• 😀 The first constitution in this period was the 1945 RIS Constitution, followed by the 1950 UUD Constitution.
• 😀 The cabinet system used was the 'zakat kabinet' or 'zaken kabinet', where ministers were appointed based on expertise rather than political party affiliation.
• 😀 There were seven cabinet changes in Indonesia during the parliamentary democracy period, with notable cabinets such as the Natsir Cabinet, Wilopo Cabinet, and Djuanda Cabinet.
• 😀 The 1955 general election was Indonesia's first, and the four winning parties were PNI, Masyumi, NU, and PKI.
• 😀 Due to political infighting between party representatives, frequent cabinet changes led to instability and several rebellions, including APRA, RMS, PRRI, and Permesta.
• 😀 Despite political instability, Indonesia succeeded in hosting the Asian-African Conference (KAA) in Bandung in April 1955 and issued the Djuanda Declaration.
• 😀 Economic issues arose, with short- and long-term challenges, which led the government to take measures like currency reduction and implementing the 'Gerakan Benteng' economic system.
• 😀 Indonesia also undertook nationalization of foreign-owned companies, and efforts like the financial-economic negotiations (finek) with the Netherlands took place during Burhanuddin Harahap's cabinet.

Q & A

What period does the Indonesian Parliamentary Democracy era cover?

The Indonesian Parliamentary Democracy era lasted from 1950 to 1959.

How was the cabinet formed during the parliamentary democracy period?

The cabinet was formed based on party strength in the Parliament, with the President serving as a symbolic figure rather than holding executive power.

What were the two major constitutional changes in Indonesia during this period?

The two major constitutional changes were the RIS Constitution (1945-1950) and the 1950 Interim Constitution (UUD 1950), which lasted until 1959.

What type of political system was in place during the parliamentary democracy era in Indonesia?

Indonesia adopted a multipartite political system, which included multiple political parties competing for influence.

What were some of the major rebellions during the parliamentary democracy era?

Notable rebellions included the APRA (Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil), RMS (Republic of South Maluku), Andi Azis's rebellion, and the PRRI (Permesta) uprising.

How did the economic policies of the Indonesian government aim to address issues during this period?

Economic policies included the Syafruddin Gunting policy to reduce currency circulation, the Benteng Economic Movement to shift from colonial to national economic structures, and the nationalization of foreign companies.

What was the Five-Year Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun)?

The Five-Year Development Plan (RPLT) was a government initiative aimed at addressing long-term economic and infrastructural challenges in Indonesia.

How did the political and economic instability affect Indonesian society during this period?

The instability led to increased poverty, unemployment, and social unrest, with the government focusing on improving education and economic policies to stabilize the country.

What were the educational reforms implemented during the parliamentary democracy era?

The government implemented a ratio of 3 general schools for every 1 technical school to address the lack of technical knowledge needed for national development.

What cultural advancements occurred during the parliamentary democracy period?

Cultural advancements included the rise of art organizations like the Indonesian Painters Union (PTI) and the establishment of the Academy of Fine Arts in Yogyakarta (ASRI).