SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN INDONESIA DARI MASA KE MASA

Summary

This video provides a comprehensive overview of Indonesia's political evolution from its independence in 1945 to the current Reformasi era. It explores key historical periods, including the post-independence phase, the brief Republic of Indonesia Serikat, the Old and New Orders under Soekarno and Soeharto, and the significant reforms of the Reformasi era. The video outlines the forms of government, shifts in constitutional frameworks, and the political developments that shaped Indonesia’s governance over time, highlighting major transitions and figures like Soekarno, Soeharto, and Joko Widodo.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first era after Indonesia's independence (1945-1949) saw the adoption of a presidential system under Sukarno, with the Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 as the constitution.
• 😀 The Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) lasted from 1949-1950, shifting the country to a federal system with a parliamentary government before returning to a unitary state.
• 😀 After the dissolution of the RIS, Indonesia adopted a parliamentary system from 1950-1959, operating under a temporary constitution until the Presidential Decree of 1959.
• 😀 The 'Old Order' (1959-1966) saw Sukarno reinstating the presidential system, but political instability led to his eventual downfall after the 1965 G30S PKI incident.
• 😀 The 'New Order' (1966-1998) marked Suharto's long reign, with a presidential system and the Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, but ended with his resignation amidst economic crisis and public protests.
• 😀 The Reform Era began in 1998, following Suharto's resignation, bringing a shift toward democratic reforms, including direct presidential elections and constitutional amendments.
• 😀 Indonesia's system of government has shifted between presidential and parliamentary models throughout its history, reflecting political and social upheavals.
• 😀 Indonesia's constitution, Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, has undergone several amendments, with significant changes made after the Reform Era to enhance democracy and political participation.
• 😀 The transition from the 'New Order' to the 'Reform Era' involved key reforms, including the direct election of the president by the people, which started in 2004.
• 😀 The Reform Era is characterized by greater democratization, with the MPR no longer holding the highest state sovereignty and increased political stability and freedom.
• 😀 Each era of Indonesia's government system has been shaped by the political context of its time, from independence struggles to authoritarian rule, and finally, to democratic reforms.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the video script?

The primary focus of the video is to provide an overview of the history of Indonesia's government system from the period of independence in 1945 to the current era of reformasi, highlighting changes in the structure of the state, the form of government, and the political system throughout the years.

What government system did Indonesia initially adopt after independence in 1945?

After independence in 1945, Indonesia adopted a presidential system of government, with President Soekarno as the first president, and the UUD 1945 as the constitution.

What change occurred during the Republic Indonesia Serikat period (1949–1950)?

During the Republic Indonesia Serikat period, Indonesia transitioned to a federal system, becoming a union of states with a parliamentary system of government. This change followed the results of the Round Table Conference (KMB).

Why was the federal system short-lived in Indonesia?

The federal system was short-lived because it was not effective in addressing Indonesia's political unity, leading to the restoration of a unitary state in 1950.

What led to the reinstatement of the UUD 1945 in 1959?

In 1959, President Soekarno issued a Presidential Decree that abolished the temporary constitution of 1950 and reinstated the UUD 1945, thus returning Indonesia to a presidential system of government.

How did the Orde Lama period end in 1966?

The Orde Lama period ended in 1966 due to internal conflicts, including the failed G30S/PKI coup attempt in 1965, which caused significant political instability. This led to the rise of Soeharto and the beginning of the Orde Baru era.

What were the key features of the Orde Baru period (1966–1998)?

The Orde Baru period, under President Soeharto, was marked by an authoritarian regime, economic growth, political repression, and the continuation of the presidential system. Soeharto ruled for 32 years before resigning in 1998 amid economic crisis and public protests.

What significant political changes occurred during the Reformasi era (1998–present)?

During the Reformasi era, Indonesia transitioned to a more democratic system, with significant reforms such as the direct election of the president, amendments to the 1945 Constitution, and greater political freedoms. These changes marked the end of authoritarian rule and the beginning of a more participatory democracy.

How many amendments have been made to the UUD 1945 since 1998?

Since 1998, the UUD 1945 has been amended four times, with the most notable changes being the reduction of presidential powers and the introduction of direct presidential elections.

What is the significance of the direct presidential elections introduced in 2004?

The introduction of direct presidential elections in 2004 was a significant step in Indonesia's democratization process, allowing citizens to directly elect their president every five years, thus increasing political accountability and public participation in the democratic process.