Konstitusi yang pernah ada sebelumnya dan konstitusi yang sedang berlaku di Indonesia - Kelompok 3

Summary

The script discusses the evolution of Indonesia's constitutional laws over time. Starting with the 1945 Constitution, the conversation highlights how Indonesia's political situation led to multiple changes in its legal framework. It covers the shift to the federal system with the RIS (Republic of Indonesia, Serikat) Constitution, the temporary 1950 UUDS, and the return to the 1945 Constitution under Soekarno's decree. The conversation concludes with the major amendments to the 1945 Constitution during the Reformasi era, which modernized Indonesia's legal system and established more democratic practices. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding constitutional history for every citizen.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses Indonesia's changing constitutions over time and the reasons behind these changes.
• 😀 Indonesia has had four different constitutions, with UUD 1945 being the most used but not the only one.
• 😀 The first constitution, UUD 1945, was short and simple, serving as the legal foundation for Indonesia until 1949.
• 😀 In 1949, Indonesia became a federal state, leading to the adoption of the 'Konstitusi RIS' (Republic of the United States of Indonesia).
• 😀 The Konstitusi RIS allowed regions like Java, Kalimantan, and Sumatra to have autonomy, but it was short-lived, only lasting from 1949 to 1950.
• 😀 After that, Indonesia returned to a unitary state, using UUDS 1950 as a temporary constitution until a permanent one could be made.
• 😀 The UUDS 1950 was seen as a stopgap while debates over the new constitution were held, especially on the national ideology (Pancasila vs. Islam).
• 😀 President Soekarno issued a decree in 1959, returning to the original UUD 1945, but in a more authoritarian context with a powerful president and weak parliament.
• 😀 Significant constitutional changes occurred after the reform period (1999-2002), when UUD 1945 was amended multiple times.
• 😀 These amendments introduced new institutions, such as the Constitutional Court, the Regional Representative Council, and direct presidential elections.
• 😀 The current UUD 1945, though the same in name, has significantly changed with more detailed provisions, including human rights, and serves as the foundation for Indonesia's laws and government structure.

Q & A

Why has Indonesia had multiple changes in its constitution over time?

Indonesia's constitution has changed multiple times due to shifts in the country's political situation. These changes were made to better align with evolving needs and circumstances.

How many different constitutions has Indonesia used?

Indonesia has used four different constitutions: the original 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945), the RIS Constitution, the UUDS 1950, and the amended UUD 1945.

What was the first constitution of Indonesia, and what did it contain?

The first constitution of Indonesia was the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945). It was brief, containing only chapters and articles, serving as the foundation of the country's laws at that time.

Why was the 1945 Constitution replaced by the RIS Constitution?

The 1945 Constitution was replaced by the RIS Constitution because Indonesia transitioned into a federal state in 1949, which required a different constitutional framework.

What was the RIS Constitution, and how did it affect the structure of Indonesia?

The RIS Constitution (Republic of Indonesia, Serikat) created a federal system where regions like Java, Kalimantan, and Sumatra had their own autonomy, dividing Indonesia into smaller states.

Why was the RIS Constitution short-lived?

The RIS Constitution was short-lived because it was perceived as a divisive system, imposed by the Dutch, and did not align with Indonesia's national unity. It lasted only from December 1949 to August 1950.

What was the UUDS 1950, and why was it considered temporary?

The UUDS 1950 was a temporary constitution designed to restore a unitary state following the collapse of the RIS Constitution. It was meant to be a placeholder until a more permanent constitution could be developed.

What led to the re-adoption of the 1945 Constitution in 1959?

In 1959, President Sukarno issued a presidential decree that re-adopted the original 1945 Constitution after debates about the country's future direction reached a deadlock, particularly over the state ideology.

How did the 1945 Constitution change after the Reformasi period?

The 1945 Constitution underwent significant amendments from 1999 to 2002 during the Reformasi period. This included the establishment of new institutions like the Constitutional Court and the direct election of the president.

What key differences exist between the original 1945 Constitution and the amended version?

The amended 1945 Constitution is more detailed, clearer, and includes provisions on human rights. It also restructured governmental institutions, ensuring more checks and balances.

How does the 1945 Constitution impact Indonesia's financial system?

The 1945 Constitution provides the legal basis for the financial system, detailing who is responsible for preparing the national budget, overseeing it, and signing it into law, affecting the entire financial governance of the country.

Why is it important for Indonesian citizens to understand their constitution?

It is crucial for citizens to understand the constitution because it governs the country's laws and policies. A well-informed populace is necessary to comprehend the reasons behind the nation's rules and changes.