Part 3, Pabrik asam sulfat: Proses Produksi dari bahan baku gas dari proses metalurgi.

Summary

This video explains the process of sulfuric acid production from metal gas and sulfur, particularly focusing on the steps involved in cleaning and refining gases before they enter the sulfuric acid plant. The video covers the use of electrostatic precipitators, scrubbing, and heat recovery systems, including boilers and condensers, to ensure that gases are cleaned and preheated to optimal temperatures for the catalytic converter. It also briefly touches on sulfuric acid’s use as a catalyst in oil refinery processes, emphasizing the importance of clean and dry gases for efficient reactions.

Takeaways

• 😀 The metal of gas in Indonesia is sourced from Freeport and Gresik, where sulfuric acid production occurs.
• 😀 The gas from flash furnaces is initially dirty and must be cleaned before it can be processed into sulfuric acid.
• 😀 Cleaning gas units, such as electrostatic precipitators and scrubbers, are used to purify the metal gas before it enters the sulfuric acid plant.
• 😀 The gas temperature from the flash furnace is high and needs to be reduced and then reheated to the optimal range of 400-600°C for the catalyst to work efficiently.
• 😀 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) needs to be diluted below 13% concentration to ensure effective and safe conversion in the catalytic converter.
• 😀 The electrostatic precipitator captures fine dust particles in the gas, ensuring that the process in the catalytic converter is not hindered by impurities.
• 😀 After cleaning, the gas is reheated, and oxygen is added to facilitate the reaction between SO2 and oxygen in the catalytic converter.
• 😀 The process involves careful temperature control and moisture management to ensure stable operations within the catalytic converter.
• 😀 Heat recovery boilers capture waste heat from the flash furnace, which is then used to produce steam for electricity generation or industrial processes.
• 😀 The sulfuric acid production process emphasizes the importance of controlling gas cleanliness, temperature, and oxygen levels to produce high-quality sulfuric acid efficiently.

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of cleaning the gas from the flash furnace?

The primary purpose of cleaning the gas from the flash furnace is to remove dust and impurities, ensuring the gas is suitable for the next stages in the sulfuric acid production process, such as the catalytic conversion.

Why is sulfur dioxide (SO2) diluted before entering the catalytic converter?

Sulfur dioxide is diluted to below 13% to ensure its concentration is optimal for the catalytic conversion process. High SO2 concentrations could disrupt the reaction or cause inefficiency.

What role does the electrostatic precipitator play in the process?

The electrostatic precipitator captures fine dust particles from the gas, ensuring the gas is clean enough to enter the next stages of processing, particularly the catalytic converter where any impurities can interfere with the reaction.

Why is it necessary to cool the gas before it reaches the catalytic converter?

The gas must be cooled to a temperature range of 400-600°C for optimal catalytic activity. If the temperature is too high or too low, the conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide may be inefficient.

How is the temperature of the gas controlled in the process?

The temperature of the gas is controlled through cooling and heating mechanisms, including the use of a venturi scrubber, a direct contact condenser, and reheating before entering the catalytic converter to ensure it stays within the optimal range for reactions.

What happens in the boiler during the production process?

The boiler recovers heat from the exhaust gases and generates steam, which can be used for various purposes, including powering turbines for electricity generation or supporting the industrial process.

What is the purpose of the venturi scrubber in the sulfuric acid production process?

The venturi scrubber helps remove fine dust particles from the gas, ensuring it is cleaner before further processing. This step helps prevent clogging and damage to sensitive equipment like the catalytic converter.

What happens if the gas is not adequately cleaned before the catalytic converter?

If the gas is not adequately cleaned, impurities such as dust can interfere with the catalytic converter's efficiency, leading to poor sulfur dioxide conversion and potentially damaging the catalyst.

Why is the sulfuric acid production process closely linked to energy recovery?

Energy recovery is crucial because it allows the process to be more efficient, reducing the need for external energy sources by capturing waste heat from the flash furnace to generate steam for industrial use or electricity.

What are the environmental considerations in the sulfuric acid production process?

Environmental considerations include managing gas emissions, controlling temperature and dust levels, and ensuring efficient cleaning of gases to minimize pollutants released into the atmosphere. Technologies like electrostatic precipitators and scrubbers are used to reduce environmental impact.