Kimia Industri - Proses Pembuatan Asam Sulfat (Bag.2-Diagram Alir Proses Kontak)

Pak Yoga

2 Nov 202005:40

Summary

TLDRThis video script outlines the process of sulfuric acid production via the contact method, as explained by Pak Yoga. It begins with sulfur being burned to produce SO2, which is then directed to a heat exchanger and a converter where it's catalytically converted to SO3 with the aid of Fe2O3. The SO3 is cooled in an economizer before being absorbed by sulfuric acid in an oleum tower, resulting in a concentrated sulfuric acid product of 98-99%. The process involves heat recovery and recycling for efficiency, showcasing the industrial chemistry behind acid manufacturing.

Takeaways

🔍 The process begins with sulfur being burned to produce sulfur dioxide (SO2).
🌪️ Air is introduced to the process to facilitate the drying of sulfur and the subsequent combustion.
🔥 The combustion of sulfur in the presence of air results in the formation of SO2 and heat vapors.
🌡️ The SO2 and heat vapors are then directed to a heat exchanger where they are separated and utilized for power generation.
💧 The SO2 is cleaned by passing it through a gas filter to remove impurities and obtain clean SO2.
🔄 SO2 is converted to SO3 in a converter with the help of a catalyst, such as iron oxide (Fe2O3).
🌀 The heat generated from the conversion process is used to maintain the temperature in the converter and is also sent back to the combustion furnace.
🌿 SO3 is cooled in an economizer before being sent to the oleum tower for absorption with sulfuric acid.
💧 In the oleum tower, SO3 is absorbed to form oleum, which is then cooled and partially recycled back to the oleum tower.
🏭 The final product, sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98-99%, is obtained and cooled before being stored in tanks for use or further processing.

Q & A

What is the initial material used in the process of making sulfuric acid as described in the script?
-The initial material used in the process is sulfur, which is then fed into the system.
What happens to the sulfur after it is fed into the process?
-The sulfur is burned in a combustion furnace, undergoing oxidation to form SO2 (sulfur dioxide).
How is the sulfur dioxide (SO2) produced in the script's process further treated?
-SO2 is then directed to a heat exchanger where it is heated and separated from other gases.
What is the role of the catalyst in the conversion process of SO2 to SO3 as mentioned in the script?
-The catalyst, specifically ferric oxide (Fe2O3), aids in the conversion of SO2 to SO3 (sulfur trioxide) in a converter.
How is the heat generated in the conversion process utilized?
-The heat generated is used to preheat the gases going back into the converter for subsequent reactions and also directed to the combustion furnace for the next burning process.
What is the purpose of the economizer in the script's sulfuric acid production process?
-The economizer cools down the SO3 gas, preparing it for the absorption process in the absorption tower.
What occurs in the absorption tower, also known as the Menara Oleum, according to the script?
-In the absorption tower, SO3 is absorbed by sulfuric acid to form oleum.
What is the final product obtained from the absorption tower and what is its concentration?
-The final product obtained is fuming sulfuric acid, with a concentration of 98 to 99%.
How is the unabsorbed SO3 gas dealt with after the absorption tower process?
-Unabsorbed SO3 gas is directed to the sulfuric acid absorption tower where it is absorbed using water to produce sulfuric acid.
What is the final form of sulfuric acid produced in this process and what is its concentration?
-The final form of sulfuric acid produced is a liquid with a concentration of 98 to 99%.
What is the ultimate destination of the produced sulfuric acid as described in the script?
-The produced sulfuric acid is either cooled and recycled back into the process or stored in tanks as the final product.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Process of Sulfuric Acid Production

This paragraph details the process of producing sulfuric acid through the contact process. It begins with sulfur burning in air to produce sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is then sent to a heat exchanger to be dried. The dried SO2 is then burned in a combustion furnace to produce more SO2 and hot vapors. These are sent to a waste heat boiler where they are separated, and the heat is used to generate electricity. The SO2 is then filtered to remove impurities and sent to a converter where it is converted to sulfur trioxide (SO3) with the help of a catalyst. The SO3 is then cooled in an economizer before being sent to an absorption tower where it reacts with sulfuric acid to form oleum. Unabsorbed SO3 is sent to a sulfuric acid absorption tower to produce concentrated sulfuric acid, which is then cooled and either sent back to the process or stored as a product.

05:01

📝 Conclusion of Sulfuric Acid Production Process

This paragraph concludes the explanation of the sulfuric acid production process. It summarizes that the concentrated sulfuric acid, which is 98 to 99% pure, is either sent back into the process for further reactions or stored as a final product. The paragraph ends with a sign-off and thanks the viewers for their attention, wishing them well.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Flow Diagram

A flow diagram is a graphical representation of the steps involved in a process. In the context of the video, it illustrates the process of making sulfuric acid through the contact process. The script describes how the flow diagram starts with sulfur burning to produce sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is then further processed to form sulfuric acid.

💡Sulfuric Acid

Sulfuric acid is a strong mineral acid with the molecular formula H2SO4. It is a significant industrial chemical used in the production of fertilizers, detergents, and other chemicals. The video's main theme revolves around its production process, detailing each step from the burning of sulfur to the final product.

💡Contact Process

The contact process is an industrial method used to produce sulfuric acid. It involves the oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfur trioxide (SO3), which is then absorbed in water to form sulfuric acid. The script explains this process in detail, emphasizing its importance in the production of sulfuric acid.

💡Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a pungent, irritating smell. It is a key intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid, as described in the script. It is produced by burning sulfur and is then converted to sulfur trioxide in the contact process.

💡Oxidation

Oxidation is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state. In the script, the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide is a critical step in the production of sulfuric acid, as it transforms SO2 into SO3.

💡Catalyst

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. In the video, a catalyst (Fe2O3) is used to facilitate the conversion of SO2 to SO3, making the process more efficient.

💡Absorption

Absorption is the process where one substance is taken up by another. In the context of the video, SO3 is absorbed by sulfuric acid in the oleum tower to produce oleum, which is a mixture of sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide.

💡Economizer

An economizer is a device used to recover waste heat from a process. In the script, it is mentioned that SO3 is cooled in the economizer before being sent to the sulfuric acid tower, which helps in conserving energy and improving the efficiency of the process.

💡Oleum

Oleum, also known as fuming sulfuric acid, is a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid. It is produced in the script's described process and is used to absorb SO3 to form sulfuric acid of a higher concentration.

💡Concentration

In chemistry, concentration refers to the amount of a substance present in a given volume. The script mentions that the final product, sulfuric acid, has a concentration of 98 to 99%, indicating its purity and strength.

💡Cooling

Cooling is the process of reducing the temperature of a substance. In the video script, cooling is mentioned as a step where the produced sulfuric acid is cooled before being stored or used further, which is essential for its safe handling and storage.

Highlights

Introduction to the process of making sulfuric acid through the contact process.

The process begins with sulfur burning to produce sulfur dioxide (SO2).

Sulfur dioxide is produced alongside hot vapor as a result of the combustion process.

Hot vapor is separated and used to generate steam for the power plant.

SO2 is then sent to the waste heat boiler for further processing.

SO2 is cleaned in a gas filter to remove impurities.

The cleaned SO2 is then sent to a converter where it is converted to SO3 with the help of a catalyst.

High temperatures generated in the conversion process are utilized for further reactions.

SO3 is cooled in an economizer before being sent to the oleum tower.

In the oleum tower, SO3 is absorbed using sulfuric acid to form oleum.

Unabsorbed SO3 is sent to the sulfuric acid tower for absorption using water.

Sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98-99% is produced and cooled.

A portion of the sulfuric acid is recycled back to the oleum and sulfuric acid towers for further absorption.

The majority of the 98-99% concentrated sulfuric acid is sent to storage as a product.

The process includes recycling and reusing of materials to improve efficiency.

The use of catalysts in the conversion process enhances the production of SO3.

The process generates steam that can be used for power generation, showcasing energy efficiency.

The final product, sulfuric acid, has a wide range of industrial applications.

The process concludes with a thank you note and a closing religious salutation.