BIOSFER - PERSEBARAN FLORA INDONESIA WILAYAH SUMATRA KALIMANTAN

Summary

This video introduces the rich diversity of flora in Sumatra and Kalimantan, highlighting the various ecosystems, from mountain forests to coastal mangroves. The speaker explains how the tropical climate, with its high rainfall and humidity, influences plant growth, with towering trees like meranti and smaller plants such as ferns and mushrooms thriving. The video also touches on provincial symbols, where unique plants like the corpse flower in Bengkulu or the black orchid in East Kalimantan represent the identity of each region. The diverse flora is key to understanding the ecological significance of these Indonesian islands.

Takeaways

• 😀 The flora of Sumatra and Kalimantan are spread across large islands and smaller surrounding islands such as Nias, Enggano, and Bangka Belitung.
• 😀 The climate of Sumatra and Kalimantan, characterized by high rainfall and humidity, influences the types of vegetation in the region.
• 😀 The region features large, tall vegetation like Meranti trees and various species of Dipterocarpus, Anisoptera, and Hopea.
• 😀 In addition to large vegetation, the area also has smaller plants such as ferns, mosses, and fungi due to the high humidity.
• 😀 Mangrove forests and coastal vegetation are common along the beaches and river mouths of Sumatra and Kalimantan.
• 😀 Sumatra's flora spans from the northern to the southern parts of the island, and its ecosystems vary from coastal to mountain forests.
• 😀 Gunung Leuser National Park in northern Sumatra represents the entire island's ecosystems, including coastal, swamp, and mountain ecosystems.
• 😀 Kalimantan's flora distribution varies from the lowland coastal areas to the mountainous Meratus range, with different vegetation types at each elevation.
• 😀 The eastern part of Kalimantan is home to primary forests, secondary forests, scrublands, and grasslands, while the western part features swamp forests.
• 😀 Each province in Sumatra and Kalimantan has its own unique flora, often used as symbols or mascots, such as the Jeumpa flower in Aceh and the Black Orchid in Kalimantan.

Q & A

What factors influence the distribution of flora in Sumatra and Kalimantan?

The distribution of flora in Sumatra and Kalimantan is influenced primarily by the climate, particularly high rainfall and humidity levels, which support the growth of large, tall vegetation.

What are some examples of large trees found in Sumatra and Kalimantan?

Examples of large trees in these regions include the Meranti tree (Shorea), Dipterocarpus, Anisoptera, and Hopea, which thrive due to the high rainfall.

How does the high humidity in Sumatra and Kalimantan affect vegetation?

High humidity in these regions supports the growth of various types of vegetation, including smaller plants like ferns, mosses, and different types of fungi.

What types of forests are found in Sumatra and Kalimantan?

The forests in these regions include tropical rainforests, mangrove forests along the coastlines, and peat swamp forests, which are critical for local biodiversity.

How is the flora of Sumatra represented in the Gunung Leuser National Park?

The Gunung Leuser National Park in northern Sumatra serves as a representative model for the entire island’s flora, with ecosystems ranging from coastal areas to wetlands and mountain forests.

What is the distribution pattern of flora in Kalimantan?

In Kalimantan, the flora is distributed from the lowlands and coastal regions to the hilly and mountainous areas, with varied ecosystems including rainforests, swamp forests, and mangroves.

What is unique about the flora in southern Kalimantan?

Southern Kalimantan is known for its lowland forests, swamp areas, and coastal regions, which are home to mangrove forests and tidal swamp ecosystems.

What are some unique plant species associated with the provinces of Sumatra and Kalimantan?

Each province has its own unique plant species used as symbols, such as the Jeumpa flower in Aceh, the Andalas tree in West Sumatra, and the Tengkawang tree in West Kalimantan.

What role do the mangrove forests play in the flora of Sumatra and Kalimantan?

Mangrove forests in both Sumatra and Kalimantan are crucial for coastal protection, supporting biodiversity and helping to stabilize the ecosystem by preventing erosion.

Why are the different ecosystems in Sumatra and Kalimantan important for biodiversity?

The diverse ecosystems in these regions, from wetlands to mountain forests, create habitats for a wide range of plant and animal species, contributing significantly to Indonesia's biodiversity.